2010-2016年武汉市硚口区居民死因分析与寿命损失研究
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摘要
目的了解武汉市硚口区居民死因构成及寿命损失的疾病影响因素,确定主要健康问题,评价社会卫生服务状况,为制订疾病防控策略和措施提供参考。方法收集整理2010-2016年武汉市硚口区全死因数据,分析死因构成、期望寿命、去死因期望寿命、潜在寿命损失等指标,分析居民死亡和寿命损失的主要因素。结果 2010-2016年7年间,男女合计粗死亡率波动在713. 73/10万至884. 45/10万范围内,总体随着年份变化,粗死亡率呈上升趋势;男性粗死亡率均高于女性;年龄别死亡率整体呈"J"形变化;肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病以及损伤和中毒是硚口区居民死亡的前5位主要死因,占合计全部死亡构成的85. 03%;减寿率前4位由大至小依次为肿瘤(13. 85‰),损伤和中毒(5. 30‰),脑血管病(5. 01‰)以及心脏病(4. 48‰);平均潜在寿命损失年,前3位依次是围生期疾病(70. 00人年),先天畸形,变性和染色体异常(53. 53人年),妊娠,分娩和产褥期并发症(29. 00人年)。结论目前硚口区居民健康主要面临肿瘤、心脑血管疾病以及损伤和中毒的危害。有关部门应针对上述特点,整合卫生行政资源,预防和控制慢性非传染性疾病,构建科学、高效、合理的社会养老敬老体系,提高居民健康质量。
Objective To understand the main cause of death and the disease influencing factors to life expectancy among residents in Qiaokou district of Wuhan and further to identify the major health problems,assess the status of social health services,in order provide the scientific basis for the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of all death monitoring stations of Qiaokou district from 2010 to 2016 were collected and arranged. Mortality,life expectancy,cause eliminated life table,potential years of life lost were calculated. Results From 2010 to 2016,the total crude mortality rates for both male and female were fluctuated within 713. 73/105 to 84. 45/105, which showed an increasing trend with year. The crude mortality rate of males was higher than that of females. The age-specific mortality rate showed a "J"trend. Tumor,cerebrovascular diseases,heart disease,respiratory ailments and injury and poisoning were the top five main cause of death among all residents,account for 85. 03% of the total death. The top four rates of PYLLR were tumor( 13. 85‰),injury and poisoning( 5. 30‰),cerebrovascular diseases( 5. 01‰) and heart disease( 4. 48‰). The top three main cause of potential years of life lost per person were perinatal diseases( 70. 00 person – years),congenital malformations, degeneration and chromosomal abnormalities( 53. 53 person – years), and pregnancy,childbirth and puerperal complications( 29. 00 person – years). Conclusion The health of residents in Qiaokou district is mainly affected by tumor,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,as well as the harm of injury and poisoning. It is necessary to integrate health administrative resources,to prevent and control the chronic noncommunicable diseases,so as to build a scientific,efficient and reasonable social system for caring for elderly,thus to improve the health quality of residents.
Objective To understand the main cause of death and the disease influencing factors to life expectancy among residents in Qiaokou district of Wuhan and further to identify the major health problems,assess the status of social health services,in order provide the scientific basis for the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of all death monitoring stations of Qiaokou district from 2010 to 2016 were collected and arranged. Mortality,life expectancy,cause eliminated life table,potential years of life lost were calculated. Results From 2010 to 2016,the total crude mortality rates for both male and female were fluctuated within 713. 73/105 to 84. 45/105, which showed an increasing trend with year. The crude mortality rate of males was higher than that of females. The age-specific mortality rate showed a "J"trend. Tumor,cerebrovascular diseases,heart disease,respiratory ailments and injury and poisoning were the top five main cause of death among all residents,account for 85. 03% of the total death. The top four rates of PYLLR were tumor( 13. 85‰),injury and poisoning( 5. 30‰),cerebrovascular diseases( 5. 01‰) and heart disease( 4. 48‰). The top three main cause of potential years of life lost per person were perinatal diseases( 70. 00 person – years),congenital malformations, degeneration and chromosomal abnormalities( 53. 53 person – years), and pregnancy,childbirth and puerperal complications( 29. 00 person – years). Conclusion The health of residents in Qiaokou district is mainly affected by tumor,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,as well as the harm of injury and poisoning. It is necessary to integrate health administrative resources,to prevent and control the chronic noncommunicable diseases,so as to build a scientific,efficient and reasonable social system for caring for elderly,thus to improve the health quality of residents.
引文
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[10]曹广文.我国恶性肿瘤防治研究和实践需要技术、管理和观念的创新[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(1):3-12.
[11]Wang SY,Li YH,Chi GB,et al. Injury-related fatalities in China:an under-recognised public-health problem[J].Lancet,2008,372(9651):1765-1773.
[12]张啸飞,胡大一,丁荣晶,等.中国心脑血管疾病死亡现况及流行趋势[J].中华心血管病杂志,2012,40(3):179-187.
[13]刘广顺,张桐亮,孙淑艳,等.中心性肥胖患者血压、血脂、血糖及颈动脉粥样硬化程度的检测[J].山东医药,2012,52(38):63-64.
[14]Silbergeld EK. Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease--a systematic review[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,115(3):472-482.
[15]Jiang Y,Li XY,Hu N,et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of cerebrovascular disease mortality in China,2004-2005[J]. Chinese journal of preventive medicine,2010,44(4):293-293.
[2]邱晖,胡国善.武汉市1988-1997年居民病伤死因调查分析[J].中国卫生统计,1999,16(2):104-106.
[3]陈丽菁,陈林利,倪静宜,等. 1996-2015年上海市闵行区居民死因变化分析[J].复旦学报(医学版),2017,44(5):560-566.
[4]张晓宇,侯斌,赵国栋. 2010-2014年西安市居民死亡趋势及潜在减寿年数分析[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016,24(10):797-799.
[5]Iron K,Lu H,Manuel D,et al. Using linked health administrative data to assess the clinical and healthcare system impact of chronic diseases in Ontario[J]. Healthcare Quarterly,2011,14(3):23-27.
[6]周脉耕,李镒冲,王海东,等. 1990-2015年中国分省期望寿命和健康期望寿命分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(11):1439-1443.
[7]Peto R,Lopez AD,Pan H,et al. World Cancer Report[M]. World Cancer Report 2014. 2014:839-851.
[8]陈万青,孙可欣,郑荣寿,等. 2014年中国分地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析[J].中国肿瘤,2018,27(1):1-14.
[9]周脉耕,陈万青.开展肿瘤疾病负担研究,推动肿瘤防治科学决策[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(6):749-751.
[10]曹广文.我国恶性肿瘤防治研究和实践需要技术、管理和观念的创新[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(1):3-12.
[11]Wang SY,Li YH,Chi GB,et al. Injury-related fatalities in China:an under-recognised public-health problem[J].Lancet,2008,372(9651):1765-1773.
[12]张啸飞,胡大一,丁荣晶,等.中国心脑血管疾病死亡现况及流行趋势[J].中华心血管病杂志,2012,40(3):179-187.
[13]刘广顺,张桐亮,孙淑艳,等.中心性肥胖患者血压、血脂、血糖及颈动脉粥样硬化程度的检测[J].山东医药,2012,52(38):63-64.
[14]Silbergeld EK. Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease--a systematic review[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,115(3):472-482.
[15]Jiang Y,Li XY,Hu N,et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of cerebrovascular disease mortality in China,2004-2005[J]. Chinese journal of preventive medicine,2010,44(4):293-293.