2000-2016年青海湖湖冰物候特征变化（英文）
|
摘要
Lake ice phenology is considered a sensitive indicator of regional climate change. We utilized time series information of this kind extracted from a series of multi-source remote sensing(RS) datasets including the MOD09 GQ surface reflectance product, Landsat TM/ETM_+ images, and meteorological records to analyze spatiotemporal variations of ice phenology of Qinghai Lake between 2000 and 2016 applying both RS and GIS technology. We also identified the climatic factors that have influenced lake ice phenology over time and draw a number of conclusions. First, data show that freeze-up start(FUS), freeze-up end(FUE), break-up start(BUS), and break-up end(BUE) on Qinghai Lake usually occurred in mid-December, early January, mid-to-late March, and early April, respectively. The average freezing duration(FD, between FUE and BUE), complete freezing duration(CFD, between FUE and BUS), ice coverage duration(ICD, between FUS and BUE), and ablation duration(AD, between BUS and BUE) were 88 days, 77 days, 108 days and 10 days, respectively. Second, while the results of this analysis reveal considerable differences in ice phenology on Qinghai Lake between 2000 and 2016, there has been relatively little variation in FUS times. Data show that FUE dates had also tended to fluctuate over time, initially advancing and then being delayed, while the opposite was the case for BUS dates as these advanced between 2012 and 2016. Overall, there was a shortening trend of Qinghai Lake's FD in two periods, 2000–2005 and 2010–2016, which was shorter than those seen on other lakes within the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau. Third, Qinghai Lake can be characterized by similar spatial patterns in both freeze-up(FU) and break-up(BU) processes, as parts of the surface which freeze earlier also start to melt first, distinctly different from some other lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. A further feature of Qinghai Lake ice phenology is that FU duration(between 18 days and 31 days) is about 10 days longer than BU duration(between 7 days and 20 days). Fourth, data show that negative temperature accumulated during the winter half year(between October and the following April) also plays a dominant role in ice phenology variations of Qinghai Lake. Precipitation and wind speed both also exert direct influences on the formation and melting of lake ice cover and also cannot be neglected.
Lake ice phenology is considered a sensitive indicator of regional climate change. We utilized time series information of this kind extracted from a series of multi-source remote sensing(RS) datasets including the MOD09 GQ surface reflectance product, Landsat TM/ETM_+ images, and meteorological records to analyze spatiotemporal variations of ice phenology of Qinghai Lake between 2000 and 2016 applying both RS and GIS technology. We also identified the climatic factors that have influenced lake ice phenology over time and draw a number of conclusions. First, data show that freeze-up start(FUS), freeze-up end(FUE), break-up start(BUS), and break-up end(BUE) on Qinghai Lake usually occurred in mid-December, early January, mid-to-late March, and early April, respectively. The average freezing duration(FD, between FUE and BUE), complete freezing duration(CFD, between FUE and BUS), ice coverage duration(ICD, between FUS and BUE), and ablation duration(AD, between BUS and BUE) were 88 days, 77 days, 108 days and 10 days, respectively. Second, while the results of this analysis reveal considerable differences in ice phenology on Qinghai Lake between 2000 and 2016, there has been relatively little variation in FUS times. Data show that FUE dates had also tended to fluctuate over time, initially advancing and then being delayed, while the opposite was the case for BUS dates as these advanced between 2012 and 2016. Overall, there was a shortening trend of Qinghai Lake's FD in two periods, 2000–2005 and 2010–2016, which was shorter than those seen on other lakes within the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau. Third, Qinghai Lake can be characterized by similar spatial patterns in both freeze-up(FU) and break-up(BU) processes, as parts of the surface which freeze earlier also start to melt first, distinctly different from some other lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. A further feature of Qinghai Lake ice phenology is that FU duration(between 18 days and 31 days) is about 10 days longer than BU duration(between 7 days and 20 days). Fourth, data show that negative temperature accumulated during the winter half year(between October and the following April) also plays a dominant role in ice phenology variations of Qinghai Lake. Precipitation and wind speed both also exert direct influences on the formation and melting of lake ice cover and also cannot be neglected.
Lake ice phenology is considered a sensitive indicator of regional climate change. We utilized time series information of this kind extracted from a series of multi-source remote sensing(RS) datasets including the MOD09 GQ surface reflectance product, Landsat TM/ETM_+ images, and meteorological records to analyze spatiotemporal variations of ice phenology of Qinghai Lake between 2000 and 2016 applying both RS and GIS technology. We also identified the climatic factors that have influenced lake ice phenology over time and draw a number of conclusions. First, data show that freeze-up start(FUS), freeze-up end(FUE), break-up start(BUS), and break-up end(BUE) on Qinghai Lake usually occurred in mid-December, early January, mid-to-late March, and early April, respectively. The average freezing duration(FD, between FUE and BUE), complete freezing duration(CFD, between FUE and BUS), ice coverage duration(ICD, between FUS and BUE), and ablation duration(AD, between BUS and BUE) were 88 days, 77 days, 108 days and 10 days, respectively. Second, while the results of this analysis reveal considerable differences in ice phenology on Qinghai Lake between 2000 and 2016, there has been relatively little variation in FUS times. Data show that FUE dates had also tended to fluctuate over time, initially advancing and then being delayed, while the opposite was the case for BUS dates as these advanced between 2012 and 2016. Overall, there was a shortening trend of Qinghai Lake's FD in two periods, 2000–2005 and 2010–2016, which was shorter than those seen on other lakes within the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau. Third, Qinghai Lake can be characterized by similar spatial patterns in both freeze-up(FU) and break-up(BU) processes, as parts of the surface which freeze earlier also start to melt first, distinctly different from some other lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. A further feature of Qinghai Lake ice phenology is that FU duration(between 18 days and 31 days) is about 10 days longer than BU duration(between 7 days and 20 days). Fourth, data show that negative temperature accumulated during the winter half year(between October and the following April) also plays a dominant role in ice phenology variations of Qinghai Lake. Precipitation and wind speed both also exert direct influences on the formation and melting of lake ice cover and also cannot be neglected.
引文
Benson B J,Magnuson J J,Jensen O P et al.,2012.Extreme events,trends,and variability in Northern Hemisphere lake ice phenology(1855-2005).Climatic Change,112(2):299-323.
Cai Y,Ke C Q,Duan Z,2017.Monitoring ice variations in Qinghai Lake from 1979 to 2016 using passive microwave remote sensing data.Science of the Total Environment,607:120-131.
Che Tao,Li Xin,Jin Rui,2009.Monitoring the frozen duration of Qinghai Lake using satellite passive microwave remote sensing low frequency data.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(6):787-791.(in Chinese)
Chen Xianzhang,Wang Guangyu,Li Wenjun et al.,1995.Lake ice and its remote sensing monitoring in the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,17(3):241-246.(in Chinese)
Choinski A,Kolendowicz L,Pociask K J et al.,2010.Changes in lake ice cover on the Morskie Oko Lake in Poland(1971-2007).Advances in Climate Change Research,1(2):71-75.
Dibike Y,Prowse T,Bonsal B et al.,2012.Simulation of North American lake-ice cover characteristics under contemporary and future climate conditions.International Journal of Climatology,32(5):695-709.
Dong H M,Song Y G,2011.Shrinkage history of Lake Qinghai and causes during the last 52 years.In:International Symposium on Water Resource&Environmental Protection(ISWREP),446-449.
Duan Anmin,Xiao Zhixiang,Wu Guoxiong,2016.Characteristics of climate change over the Tibetan Plateau under global warming during 1979-2014.Progressus Inquisitiones De Mutatione Climatis,12(5):374-381.(in Chinese)
Duguay C R,Prowse T D,Bonsal B R et al.,2006.Recent trends in Canadian lake ice cover.Hydrological Processes,20(4):781-801.
Gou Peng,Ye Qinghua,Wei Qiufang,2015.Lake ice change at the Namco Lake on the Tibetan Plateau during2000-2013 and influencing factors.Progress in Geography,34(10):1241-1249.(in Chinese)
Hall D K,Riggs G A,2002.MODIS snow-cover products.Remote Sensing of Environment,83(1):181-194.
Johnson S L,Stefan H G,2006.Indicators of climate warming in Minnesota:Lake ice covers and snowmelt runoff.Climate Change,75(4):421-453.
Kang S C,Xu Y W,You Q L et al.,2010.Review of climate and cryospheric change on the Tibetan Plateau.Environmental Research Letters,5(1):015101.Doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015101.
Ke C Q,Tao A Q,Jin X,2013.Variability in the ice phenology of Nam Co Lake in central Tibet from scanning multichannel microwave radiometer and special sensor microwave/imager:1978 to 2013.Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,7(1):073477.doi:10.1117/1.JRS.7.073477.
Kropá?ek J,Maussion F,Chen F et al.,2013.Analysis of ice phenology of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau from MODIS data.Cryosphere,7(1):287-301.
Latifovic R,Pouliot D,2007.Analysis of climate change impacts on lake ice phenology in Canada using the historical satellite data record.Remote Sensing of Environment,106(4):492-507.
Lei Ruibo,Li Zhijun,Zhang Zhanhai et al.,2011.Comparisons of thermodynamic processes between lake ice and landfast sea ice around Zhongshan Station,East Antarctica.Chinese Journal of Polar Research,23(4):289-298.(in Chinese)
Lenormand F,Duguay C R,Gauthier R,2002.Development of a historical ice database for the study of climate change in Canada.Hydrological Processes,16(18):3707-3722.
Li Fengxia,Fu Yang,Yang Qing et al.,2008.Climate change and its environmental effects in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake.Resources Sciences,30(3):348-353.(in Chinese)
Ma R,Yang G,Duan H et al.,2011.China’s lakes at present:Number,area and spatial distribution.Science China Earth Sciences,54(2):283-289.
Ma Yuwei,Zhang Jingran,Liu Xiangjun et al.,2011.Lake level fluctuations in Qinghai Lake since the Last Deglaciation.Journal of Salt Lake Research,19(3):19-25.(in Chinese)
Magnuson J J,Robertson D M,Benson B J et al.,2000.Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere.Nature,289(5485):1743-1746.
Marszelewski W,Skowron R,2006.Ice cover as an indicator of winter air temperature changes:Case study of the Polish Lowland lakes.Hydrological Sciences Journal,51(2):336-349.
Oveisy A,Boegman L,Imberger J,2014.One-dimensional simulation of lake and ice dynamics during winter.Journal of Limnology,73(3):43-57.
Pan Baotian,Li Jijun.Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau:A driver and amplifier of the global climatic change III.The effects of the uplift of Tibetan Plateau on climate changes.Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),1996,32(1):108-115.(in Chinese)
Qin Dahe.Climate and Environment Change in China:2012 Comprehensive Volume.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2012.(in Chinese)
Qu Bin,Kang Shichang,Chen Feng et al.,2012.Lake ice and its effect factors in the Nam Co basin,Tibetan Plateau.Progressus Inquisitiones de Mutatione Climatis,8(5):327-333.(in Chinese)
Reed B,Budde M,Spencer P et al.,2009.Integration of MODIS-derived metrics to assess interannual variability in snowpack,lake ice,and NDVI in southwest Alaska.Remote Sensing of Environment,113(7):1443-1452.
Sun Yongliang,Li Xiaoyan,Xu Heye,2007.Daily precipitation and temperature variations in Qinghai Lake watershed in recent 40 years.Arid Meteorology,25(1):7-13.(in Chinese)
Tao Anqi,2014.Research on the variation of Namco Lake ice by passive microwave remote sensing[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University.(in Chinese)
Vaughan D G,Comiso J C,Allison I et al.,2013.Observations:Cryosphere.In:Stocker T F,Qin D,Plattner G Ket al.,Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Wan W,Xiao P F,Feng X Z et al.,2014.Monitoring lake changes of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over the past 30years using satellite remote sensing data.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(10):1021-1035.
Wang J,Bai X,Hu H et al.,2012.Temporal and spatial variability of Great Lakes ice cover,1973-2010.Journal of Climate,25(4):1318-1329.
Wang J,Hu H,Schwab D et al.,2010.Development of the great lakes ice-circulation model(GLIM):Application to Lake Erie in 2003-2004.Journal of Great Lakes Research,36(3):425-436.
Weber H,Riffler M,N?ges T et al.,2016.Lake ice phenology from AVHRR data for European lakes:An automated two-step extraction method.Remote Sensing of Environment,174:329-340.
Wei Qiufang,Ye Qinghua,2010.Review of lake ice monitoring by remote sensing.Progress in Geography,29(7):803-810.(in Chinese)
Weyhenmeyer G A,Meili M,Livingstone D M,2004.Nonlinear temperature response of lake ice breakup.Geophysical Research Letters,31(31):157-175.
Xin Yufei,Bian Lingen,2008.Progress of prediction of the global cryosphere change.Chinese Journal of Polar Research,20(3):671-682.(in Chinese)
Yao Xiaojun,Li Long,Zhao Jun et al.,2016.Spatial-temporal variations of lake ice in the Hoh Xil region from2000 to 2011.Journal of Geographical Sciences,26(1):70-82.
Yin Qingjun,Yang Yinglian,2005.Remote sensing monitoring of Qinghai Lake based on EOS/MODIS data.Journal of Lake Sciences,17(4):356-360.(in Chinese)
You Q,Min J,Kang S,2016.Rapid warming in the Tibetan Plateau from observations and CMIP5 model in recent decades.International Journal of Climatology,36(6):2660-2670.
Zaikov,1963.Introduction to Lake Science.Beijing:The Commercial Press.(in Chinese)
Cai Y,Ke C Q,Duan Z,2017.Monitoring ice variations in Qinghai Lake from 1979 to 2016 using passive microwave remote sensing data.Science of the Total Environment,607:120-131.
Che Tao,Li Xin,Jin Rui,2009.Monitoring the frozen duration of Qinghai Lake using satellite passive microwave remote sensing low frequency data.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(6):787-791.(in Chinese)
Chen Xianzhang,Wang Guangyu,Li Wenjun et al.,1995.Lake ice and its remote sensing monitoring in the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,17(3):241-246.(in Chinese)
Choinski A,Kolendowicz L,Pociask K J et al.,2010.Changes in lake ice cover on the Morskie Oko Lake in Poland(1971-2007).Advances in Climate Change Research,1(2):71-75.
Dibike Y,Prowse T,Bonsal B et al.,2012.Simulation of North American lake-ice cover characteristics under contemporary and future climate conditions.International Journal of Climatology,32(5):695-709.
Dong H M,Song Y G,2011.Shrinkage history of Lake Qinghai and causes during the last 52 years.In:International Symposium on Water Resource&Environmental Protection(ISWREP),446-449.
Duan Anmin,Xiao Zhixiang,Wu Guoxiong,2016.Characteristics of climate change over the Tibetan Plateau under global warming during 1979-2014.Progressus Inquisitiones De Mutatione Climatis,12(5):374-381.(in Chinese)
Duguay C R,Prowse T D,Bonsal B R et al.,2006.Recent trends in Canadian lake ice cover.Hydrological Processes,20(4):781-801.
Gou Peng,Ye Qinghua,Wei Qiufang,2015.Lake ice change at the Namco Lake on the Tibetan Plateau during2000-2013 and influencing factors.Progress in Geography,34(10):1241-1249.(in Chinese)
Hall D K,Riggs G A,2002.MODIS snow-cover products.Remote Sensing of Environment,83(1):181-194.
Johnson S L,Stefan H G,2006.Indicators of climate warming in Minnesota:Lake ice covers and snowmelt runoff.Climate Change,75(4):421-453.
Kang S C,Xu Y W,You Q L et al.,2010.Review of climate and cryospheric change on the Tibetan Plateau.Environmental Research Letters,5(1):015101.Doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015101.
Ke C Q,Tao A Q,Jin X,2013.Variability in the ice phenology of Nam Co Lake in central Tibet from scanning multichannel microwave radiometer and special sensor microwave/imager:1978 to 2013.Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,7(1):073477.doi:10.1117/1.JRS.7.073477.
Kropá?ek J,Maussion F,Chen F et al.,2013.Analysis of ice phenology of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau from MODIS data.Cryosphere,7(1):287-301.
Latifovic R,Pouliot D,2007.Analysis of climate change impacts on lake ice phenology in Canada using the historical satellite data record.Remote Sensing of Environment,106(4):492-507.
Lei Ruibo,Li Zhijun,Zhang Zhanhai et al.,2011.Comparisons of thermodynamic processes between lake ice and landfast sea ice around Zhongshan Station,East Antarctica.Chinese Journal of Polar Research,23(4):289-298.(in Chinese)
Lenormand F,Duguay C R,Gauthier R,2002.Development of a historical ice database for the study of climate change in Canada.Hydrological Processes,16(18):3707-3722.
Li Fengxia,Fu Yang,Yang Qing et al.,2008.Climate change and its environmental effects in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake.Resources Sciences,30(3):348-353.(in Chinese)
Ma R,Yang G,Duan H et al.,2011.China’s lakes at present:Number,area and spatial distribution.Science China Earth Sciences,54(2):283-289.
Ma Yuwei,Zhang Jingran,Liu Xiangjun et al.,2011.Lake level fluctuations in Qinghai Lake since the Last Deglaciation.Journal of Salt Lake Research,19(3):19-25.(in Chinese)
Magnuson J J,Robertson D M,Benson B J et al.,2000.Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere.Nature,289(5485):1743-1746.
Marszelewski W,Skowron R,2006.Ice cover as an indicator of winter air temperature changes:Case study of the Polish Lowland lakes.Hydrological Sciences Journal,51(2):336-349.
Oveisy A,Boegman L,Imberger J,2014.One-dimensional simulation of lake and ice dynamics during winter.Journal of Limnology,73(3):43-57.
Pan Baotian,Li Jijun.Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau:A driver and amplifier of the global climatic change III.The effects of the uplift of Tibetan Plateau on climate changes.Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),1996,32(1):108-115.(in Chinese)
Qin Dahe.Climate and Environment Change in China:2012 Comprehensive Volume.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2012.(in Chinese)
Qu Bin,Kang Shichang,Chen Feng et al.,2012.Lake ice and its effect factors in the Nam Co basin,Tibetan Plateau.Progressus Inquisitiones de Mutatione Climatis,8(5):327-333.(in Chinese)
Reed B,Budde M,Spencer P et al.,2009.Integration of MODIS-derived metrics to assess interannual variability in snowpack,lake ice,and NDVI in southwest Alaska.Remote Sensing of Environment,113(7):1443-1452.
Sun Yongliang,Li Xiaoyan,Xu Heye,2007.Daily precipitation and temperature variations in Qinghai Lake watershed in recent 40 years.Arid Meteorology,25(1):7-13.(in Chinese)
Tao Anqi,2014.Research on the variation of Namco Lake ice by passive microwave remote sensing[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University.(in Chinese)
Vaughan D G,Comiso J C,Allison I et al.,2013.Observations:Cryosphere.In:Stocker T F,Qin D,Plattner G Ket al.,Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Wan W,Xiao P F,Feng X Z et al.,2014.Monitoring lake changes of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over the past 30years using satellite remote sensing data.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(10):1021-1035.
Wang J,Bai X,Hu H et al.,2012.Temporal and spatial variability of Great Lakes ice cover,1973-2010.Journal of Climate,25(4):1318-1329.
Wang J,Hu H,Schwab D et al.,2010.Development of the great lakes ice-circulation model(GLIM):Application to Lake Erie in 2003-2004.Journal of Great Lakes Research,36(3):425-436.
Weber H,Riffler M,N?ges T et al.,2016.Lake ice phenology from AVHRR data for European lakes:An automated two-step extraction method.Remote Sensing of Environment,174:329-340.
Wei Qiufang,Ye Qinghua,2010.Review of lake ice monitoring by remote sensing.Progress in Geography,29(7):803-810.(in Chinese)
Weyhenmeyer G A,Meili M,Livingstone D M,2004.Nonlinear temperature response of lake ice breakup.Geophysical Research Letters,31(31):157-175.
Xin Yufei,Bian Lingen,2008.Progress of prediction of the global cryosphere change.Chinese Journal of Polar Research,20(3):671-682.(in Chinese)
Yao Xiaojun,Li Long,Zhao Jun et al.,2016.Spatial-temporal variations of lake ice in the Hoh Xil region from2000 to 2011.Journal of Geographical Sciences,26(1):70-82.
Yin Qingjun,Yang Yinglian,2005.Remote sensing monitoring of Qinghai Lake based on EOS/MODIS data.Journal of Lake Sciences,17(4):356-360.(in Chinese)
You Q,Min J,Kang S,2016.Rapid warming in the Tibetan Plateau from observations and CMIP5 model in recent decades.International Journal of Climatology,36(6):2660-2670.
Zaikov,1963.Introduction to Lake Science.Beijing:The Commercial Press.(in Chinese)