不同酸度模拟酸雨对重庆缙云山2种阔叶树光合特性的影响
|
摘要
以生长于重庆缙云山国家级自然保护区内的粉叶新木姜子(Neolitsea aurata var.glauca Yang)和四川大头茶〔Polyspora speciosa(Kochs)B.M.Barthol.et T.L.Ming〕2年生幼苗为实验材料,研究了不同p H值的模拟酸雨对叶片气体交换参数、光响应曲线和光响应参数的影响,并比较了2树种对模拟酸雨的抗性。结果表明:四川大头茶叶片的各项气体交换参数和光响应参数总体上高于粉叶新木姜子。随模拟酸雨p H值降低,粉叶新木姜子叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)逐渐降低且总体上显著低于对照(p H 5.6模拟酸雨);四川大头茶叶片的Pn、Gs和Tr值在p H 2.0模拟酸雨作用下显著低于对照、在p H 3.5模拟酸雨作用下显著高于对照;但不同p H值模拟酸雨对2树种叶片的水分利用效率总体上无显著影响。经不同p H值模拟酸雨处理后2树种叶片的光响应曲线与对照明显不同。与对照相比,经p H 2.0、p H 2.5和p H 3.5模拟酸雨处理后粉叶新木姜子叶片的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子产量(AQY)总体上显著降低,光补偿点(LCP)显著升高;其暗呼吸速率(Rd)在p H 2.0和p H 3.5模拟酸雨作用下显著高于对照、在p H 2.5模拟酸雨作用下显著低于对照。四川大头茶叶片的Pmax和LSP值在p H 2.0和p H 2.5模拟酸雨作用下显著低于对照,但在p H 3.5模拟酸雨作用下显著高于对照;其LCP和Rd值在p H 2.5和p H 3.5模拟酸雨作用下显著低于对照,但在p H 2.0模拟酸雨作用下均高于对照;其AQY值在p H 2.0、p H 2.5和p H 3.5模拟酸雨作用下均低于对照。研究结果显示:酸性较强(p H 2.0和p H 2.5)的模拟酸雨均可抑制2树种的光合作用,而酸性较弱(p H 3.5)的模拟酸雨对四川大头茶的光合作用有一定的促进作用,表明四川大头茶对酸雨的抗性相对强于粉叶新木姜子。
Taking 2-year-old seedlings of Neolitsea aurata var. glauca Yang and Polyspora speciosa( Kochs) B. M. Barthol. et T. L. Ming grown in Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve of Chongqing as experimental materials,effects of simulated acid rain with different p H values on gas exchange parameters,light response curve and light response parameters of leaf were researched,and resistance of two tree species to simulated acid rain was compared. The results show that all gas exchange parameters and light response parameters of leaf of P. speciosa are generally higher than those of N. aurata var.glauca. With reducing of p H value of simulated acid rain,net photosynthetic rate( Pn),stomatal conductance( Gs) and transpiration rate( Tr) of leaf of N. aurata var. glauca decrease gradually and are generally significantly lower than those of the control( simulated acid rain with p H 5. 6). Pn,Gs and Tr values of leaf of P. speciosa under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0 are significantly lower than those of the control,while those under simulated acid rain with p H 3. 5 are significantly higher than those of the control. Effect of simulated acid rain with different p H values on water use efficiency of leaf of two tree species is generally not significant. Light response curve of leaf of two tree species after treated by simulated acid rain with different p H values is obviously different from that of the control. Compared with the control,the maximum net photosynthetic rate( Pmax),light saturation point( LSP) and apparent quantum yield( AQY) of leaf of N. aurata var. glauca generally decrease significantly and light compensation point( LCP) increases significantly after treated by simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0,p H 2. 5 and p H 3. 5,and its dark respiration rate( Rd) under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0 and p H 3. 5 is significantly higher and that under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 5 is significantly lower than that of the control. Pmaxand LSP values of leaf of P. speciosa under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0 and p H 2. 5 are significantly lower and those under simulated acid rain with p H 3. 5 are significantly higher than those of the control,its LCP and Rd values under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 5 and p H 3. 5 are significantly lower and those under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0 are higher than those of the control,and its AQY value under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0,p H 2. 5 and p H 3. 5 is lower than those of the control. It is suggested that simulated acid rain with stronger acidity( p H 2. 0 and p H 2. 5) can inhibit photosynthesis of two tree species,while simulated acid rain with weaker acidity( p H 3. 5) has a certain promotion effect on photosynthesis of P. speciosa,which indicating that resistance of P. speciosa to acid rain is comparatively stronger than that of N. aurata var. glauca.
Taking 2-year-old seedlings of Neolitsea aurata var. glauca Yang and Polyspora speciosa( Kochs) B. M. Barthol. et T. L. Ming grown in Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve of Chongqing as experimental materials,effects of simulated acid rain with different p H values on gas exchange parameters,light response curve and light response parameters of leaf were researched,and resistance of two tree species to simulated acid rain was compared. The results show that all gas exchange parameters and light response parameters of leaf of P. speciosa are generally higher than those of N. aurata var.glauca. With reducing of p H value of simulated acid rain,net photosynthetic rate( Pn),stomatal conductance( Gs) and transpiration rate( Tr) of leaf of N. aurata var. glauca decrease gradually and are generally significantly lower than those of the control( simulated acid rain with p H 5. 6). Pn,Gs and Tr values of leaf of P. speciosa under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0 are significantly lower than those of the control,while those under simulated acid rain with p H 3. 5 are significantly higher than those of the control. Effect of simulated acid rain with different p H values on water use efficiency of leaf of two tree species is generally not significant. Light response curve of leaf of two tree species after treated by simulated acid rain with different p H values is obviously different from that of the control. Compared with the control,the maximum net photosynthetic rate( Pmax),light saturation point( LSP) and apparent quantum yield( AQY) of leaf of N. aurata var. glauca generally decrease significantly and light compensation point( LCP) increases significantly after treated by simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0,p H 2. 5 and p H 3. 5,and its dark respiration rate( Rd) under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0 and p H 3. 5 is significantly higher and that under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 5 is significantly lower than that of the control. Pmaxand LSP values of leaf of P. speciosa under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0 and p H 2. 5 are significantly lower and those under simulated acid rain with p H 3. 5 are significantly higher than those of the control,its LCP and Rd values under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 5 and p H 3. 5 are significantly lower and those under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0 are higher than those of the control,and its AQY value under simulated acid rain with p H 2. 0,p H 2. 5 and p H 3. 5 is lower than those of the control. It is suggested that simulated acid rain with stronger acidity( p H 2. 0 and p H 2. 5) can inhibit photosynthesis of two tree species,while simulated acid rain with weaker acidity( p H 3. 5) has a certain promotion effect on photosynthesis of P. speciosa,which indicating that resistance of P. speciosa to acid rain is comparatively stronger than that of N. aurata var. glauca.
引文
[1]冯宗炜.中国酸雨对陆地生态系统的影响和防治对策[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(9):5-11,28.
[2]TAO F L,FENG Z W.Terrestrial ecosystem sensitivity to acid deposition in South China[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2000,118:231-244.
[3]张向峰,王玉杰,李云霞,等.模拟酸雨对盆栽马尾松叶片光合特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):197-202.
[4]付晓萍,田大伦.酸雨对植物的影响研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(4):23-27.
[5]肖艳,黄建昌,刘少娴,等.模拟酸雨对12种园林植物的伤害及敏感性反应[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2004,26(3):270-273,276.
[6]廖广社,许建新,许涵,等.模拟酸雨对黄槐幼苗生长的影响[J].广东园林,2005,31(5):37-41.
[7]黄桂芬,吴承祯,洪伟,等.模拟酸雨对台湾桤木光合特性的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2012,8(4):263-269.
[8]魏湘萍,于晓英,熊旋,等.模拟酸雨对萱草光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2009(6):175-177.
[9]赵巍巍,江洪,马元丹.模拟酸雨胁迫对樟树幼苗光合作用和水分利用特性的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2013,30(2):179-186.
[10]赵洋毅,王玉杰,王云琦,等.渝北不同模式水源涵养林植物多样性及其与土壤特征的关系[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(16):2260-2266.
[11]雷声坤,王玉杰,王云琦,等.缙云山三种典型阔叶树光合生理特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(2):189-194,200.
[12]田大伦,付晓萍,方晰,等.模拟酸雨对樟树幼苗光合特性的影响[J].林业科学,2007,43(8):29-35.
[13]叶子飘,于强.一个光合作用光响应新模型与传统模型的比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2007,38(6):771-775.
[14]李志国,翁忙玲,姜武,等.模拟酸雨对乐东拟单性木兰幼苗部分生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):31-34.
[15]金清,江洪,余树全,等.酸雨胁迫对亚热带典型树种幼苗生长与光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3322-3327.
[16]鲁美娟,江洪,余树全,等.模拟酸雨对山核桃和杨梅光合生理特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1476-1481.
[17]林慧萍.酸雨对陆生植物的影响机理[J].福建林业科技,2005,32(1):60-64.
[18]李志国,姜卫兵,翁忙玲,等.常绿阔叶园林6树种(品种)对模拟酸雨的生理响应及敏感性[J].园艺学报,2011,38(3):512-518.
[19]陈睿.模拟酸雨对鸢尾属两种地被植物的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学林学院,2010:20-25.
[20]赵栋,潘远智,邓仕槐,等.模拟酸雨对茶梅生理生态特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(15):3191-3198.
[21]郑飞翔,温达志,旷远文,等.模拟酸雨对柚木幼苗生长、光合与水分利用的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2006,14(2):93-99.
[22]HOGAN G D.Effect of simulated acid rain on physiology,growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of sugar maple[J].Chemosphere,1998,36:633-638.
[23]唐玲,李倩中,李淑顺,等.鸡爪槭光合特性对模拟酸雨的响应[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1241-1246.
[24]王强,金则新,彭礼琼,等.模拟酸雨对乌药幼苗生理生态特性的影响[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,2013,40(4):447-455.
[25]齐泽民.模拟酸雨对杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver.)的生理生态特性的影响[D].重庆:西南师范大学生命科学学院,2001:12-13.
[2]TAO F L,FENG Z W.Terrestrial ecosystem sensitivity to acid deposition in South China[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2000,118:231-244.
[3]张向峰,王玉杰,李云霞,等.模拟酸雨对盆栽马尾松叶片光合特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):197-202.
[4]付晓萍,田大伦.酸雨对植物的影响研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(4):23-27.
[5]肖艳,黄建昌,刘少娴,等.模拟酸雨对12种园林植物的伤害及敏感性反应[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2004,26(3):270-273,276.
[6]廖广社,许建新,许涵,等.模拟酸雨对黄槐幼苗生长的影响[J].广东园林,2005,31(5):37-41.
[7]黄桂芬,吴承祯,洪伟,等.模拟酸雨对台湾桤木光合特性的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2012,8(4):263-269.
[8]魏湘萍,于晓英,熊旋,等.模拟酸雨对萱草光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2009(6):175-177.
[9]赵巍巍,江洪,马元丹.模拟酸雨胁迫对樟树幼苗光合作用和水分利用特性的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2013,30(2):179-186.
[10]赵洋毅,王玉杰,王云琦,等.渝北不同模式水源涵养林植物多样性及其与土壤特征的关系[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(16):2260-2266.
[11]雷声坤,王玉杰,王云琦,等.缙云山三种典型阔叶树光合生理特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(2):189-194,200.
[12]田大伦,付晓萍,方晰,等.模拟酸雨对樟树幼苗光合特性的影响[J].林业科学,2007,43(8):29-35.
[13]叶子飘,于强.一个光合作用光响应新模型与传统模型的比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2007,38(6):771-775.
[14]李志国,翁忙玲,姜武,等.模拟酸雨对乐东拟单性木兰幼苗部分生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):31-34.
[15]金清,江洪,余树全,等.酸雨胁迫对亚热带典型树种幼苗生长与光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3322-3327.
[16]鲁美娟,江洪,余树全,等.模拟酸雨对山核桃和杨梅光合生理特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1476-1481.
[17]林慧萍.酸雨对陆生植物的影响机理[J].福建林业科技,2005,32(1):60-64.
[18]李志国,姜卫兵,翁忙玲,等.常绿阔叶园林6树种(品种)对模拟酸雨的生理响应及敏感性[J].园艺学报,2011,38(3):512-518.
[19]陈睿.模拟酸雨对鸢尾属两种地被植物的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学林学院,2010:20-25.
[20]赵栋,潘远智,邓仕槐,等.模拟酸雨对茶梅生理生态特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(15):3191-3198.
[21]郑飞翔,温达志,旷远文,等.模拟酸雨对柚木幼苗生长、光合与水分利用的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2006,14(2):93-99.
[22]HOGAN G D.Effect of simulated acid rain on physiology,growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of sugar maple[J].Chemosphere,1998,36:633-638.
[23]唐玲,李倩中,李淑顺,等.鸡爪槭光合特性对模拟酸雨的响应[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1241-1246.
[24]王强,金则新,彭礼琼,等.模拟酸雨对乌药幼苗生理生态特性的影响[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,2013,40(4):447-455.
[25]齐泽民.模拟酸雨对杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver.)的生理生态特性的影响[D].重庆:西南师范大学生命科学学院,2001:12-13.