The effect of enzymes on release of trace elements in feedstuffs based on in vitro digestion model for monogastric livestock
|
摘要
Background: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feed enzymes(phytase,xylanase,β-glucanase) on release rate of trace elements(Fe,Cu,Mn and Zn) in 6 commonly used feedstuffs(corn,wheat,barley,soybean meal,wheat bran,wheat middlings) by using an in vitro model,simulating the digestive processes in stomach for 2 h and then in small intestine for 6 h at 39 °C.Results: Phytase raised(P < 0.05) the release rate of Cu and Zn in corn,Cu,Zn and Mn in wheat,Cu in barley,Cu,Zn and Mn in soybean meal,Zn,Fe in wheat bran and Zn,Fe,Mn in wheat middlings.The release rate of various trace elements in feedstuffs was increased after xylanase addition.Compared with the control group,the release rate of soluble Cu in corn,wheat,barley and soybean meal,soluble Zn in corn,wheat and wheat middlings and soluble of Mn in corn,wheat,barley and wheat bran increased(P < 0.05) after xylanase treatment.After the treatment of β-glucanase,the release rate of soluble Cu in corn,wheat and wheat bran,soluble Fe in barley,soybean meal and wheat bran and soluble Mn in corn and wheat bran all increased(P < 0.05) compared with the control group.In each feedstuff,after corresponding enzyme treatment,the contents of phytic acid,xylan and β-glucan were significantly lower than those of the control group(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Results showed that bound trace elements in feedstuffs can be released by feed enzymes.It may be necessary to take the trace elements in feedstuffs into account in the actual feed preparation including feed enzymes.
Background: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feed enzymes(phytase,xylanase,β-glucanase) on release rate of trace elements(Fe,Cu,Mn and Zn) in 6 commonly used feedstuffs(corn,wheat,barley,soybean meal,wheat bran,wheat middlings) by using an in vitro model,simulating the digestive processes in stomach for 2 h and then in small intestine for 6 h at 39 °C.Results: Phytase raised(P < 0.05) the release rate of Cu and Zn in corn,Cu,Zn and Mn in wheat,Cu in barley,Cu,Zn and Mn in soybean meal,Zn,Fe in wheat bran and Zn,Fe,Mn in wheat middlings.The release rate of various trace elements in feedstuffs was increased after xylanase addition.Compared with the control group,the release rate of soluble Cu in corn,wheat,barley and soybean meal,soluble Zn in corn,wheat and wheat middlings and soluble of Mn in corn,wheat,barley and wheat bran increased(P < 0.05) after xylanase treatment.After the treatment of β-glucanase,the release rate of soluble Cu in corn,wheat and wheat bran,soluble Fe in barley,soybean meal and wheat bran and soluble Mn in corn and wheat bran all increased(P < 0.05) compared with the control group.In each feedstuff,after corresponding enzyme treatment,the contents of phytic acid,xylan and β-glucan were significantly lower than those of the control group(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Results showed that bound trace elements in feedstuffs can be released by feed enzymes.It may be necessary to take the trace elements in feedstuffs into account in the actual feed preparation including feed enzymes.
Background: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feed enzymes(phytase,xylanase,β-glucanase) on release rate of trace elements(Fe,Cu,Mn and Zn) in 6 commonly used feedstuffs(corn,wheat,barley,soybean meal,wheat bran,wheat middlings) by using an in vitro model,simulating the digestive processes in stomach for 2 h and then in small intestine for 6 h at 39 °C.Results: Phytase raised(P < 0.05) the release rate of Cu and Zn in corn,Cu,Zn and Mn in wheat,Cu in barley,Cu,Zn and Mn in soybean meal,Zn,Fe in wheat bran and Zn,Fe,Mn in wheat middlings.The release rate of various trace elements in feedstuffs was increased after xylanase addition.Compared with the control group,the release rate of soluble Cu in corn,wheat,barley and soybean meal,soluble Zn in corn,wheat and wheat middlings and soluble of Mn in corn,wheat,barley and wheat bran increased(P < 0.05) after xylanase treatment.After the treatment of β-glucanase,the release rate of soluble Cu in corn,wheat and wheat bran,soluble Fe in barley,soybean meal and wheat bran and soluble Mn in corn and wheat bran all increased(P < 0.05) compared with the control group.In each feedstuff,after corresponding enzyme treatment,the contents of phytic acid,xylan and β-glucan were significantly lower than those of the control group(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Results showed that bound trace elements in feedstuffs can be released by feed enzymes.It may be necessary to take the trace elements in feedstuffs into account in the actual feed preparation including feed enzymes.
引文
1.Hostetler CE,Kincaid RL,Mirando MA.The role of essential trace elements in embryonic and fetal development in livestock.Vet J.2003;166:125-39.
2.Cang L,Wang YJ,Zhou DM,Dong YH.Heavy metal pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province.China J Environ Sci.2004;03:371-4.
3.Li Y,Chen T.Concentrations of additive arsenic in Beijing pig feeds and the residues in pig manure.Resour Conserv Recy.2005;45:356-67.
4.Chary NS,Kamala CT,Raj DSS.Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer.Ecotox Environ Safe.2008;69:513-24.
5.Elke H,Karl S.Fermentation of food and feed:a technology for efficient utilization of macro and trace elements in monogastrics.J Trace Elem Med Bio.2016;37:69-77.
6.Raes K,Knockaert D,Struijs K,Van CJ.Role of processing on bioaccessibility of minerals:influence of localization of minerals and antinutritional factors in the plant.Trends Food Sci Tech.2014;37:32-41.
7.Lestienne I,Caporiccio B,Besan?on P,Rochette I,Trèche S.Relative contribution of phytates,fibers,and tannins to low iron and zinc in vitro solubility in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum)flour and grain fractions.JAgric Food Chem.2005;21:8342-8.
8.Tiwari SP,Gendley MK,Pathak AK,Gupta R.Influence of an enzyme cocktail and phytase individually or in combination in Ven cobb broiler chickens.Brit Poult Sci.2010;51:92-100.
9.Selle PH,Ravindran V.Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition.Anim Feed Sci Tech.2007;135:1-41.
10.Gonzálezvega JC,Walk CL,Stein HH.Effects of microbial phytase on apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium supplements fed to growing pigs.J Anim Sci.2015;93:2255-64.
11.Letourneau-Montminy MP,Jondreville C,Sauvant D,Narcy A.Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilization by growing pigs:effect of dietary phosphorus,calcium and exogenous phytase.Animal.2012;6:1590-600.
12.Owusu-Asiedu A,Kiarie E,Peron A,Woyengo TA,Simmins PH,Nyachoti CM.Growth performance and nutrient digestibilities in nursery pigs receiving varying doses of xylanase and beta-glucanase blend in pelleted wheat-and barley-based diets.J Anim Sci.2012;90:92-4.
13.Kerr BJ,Shurson GC.Strategies to improve fiber utilization in swine.J Anim Sci Biotechnol.2013;4:11-23.
14.Clarke LC,Sweeney T,Curley E,Gath V,Duffy SK,Vigors S,et al.Effect ofβ-glucanase andβ-xylanase enzyme supplemented barley diets on nutrient digestibility,growth performance and expression of intestinal nutrient transporter genes in finisher pigs.Anim Feed Sci Tech.2018;238:98-110.
15.Yin YL,Baidoo SK,Jin LZ,Liu YG,Schulze H,Simmins PH.The effect of different carbohydrase and protease supplementation on apparent(ileal and overall)digestibility of nutrients of five hulless barley varieties in young pigs.Livest Prod Sci.2001;71:109-20.
16.GB/T 13885-2003/ISO 6869:2000,Animal feeding stuffs-Determination of the contents of calcium,copper,Iron,magnesium,manganese,potassium,sodium and zinc-Method using atomic absorption spectrometry(In Chinese)
17.GB 5009.153-2016.Standard determination of phytic acid in food(In Chinese).
18.Sluiter A,Hames B,Ruiz R,Scarlata C,Sluiter J,Templeton D,Crocker D.Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass.In:Laboratory analytical procedure.National Renewable Laboratory,NREL/TP-510-42618,USA;2012.
19.Boisen S,Fernandez JA.Prediction of the apparent ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in feedstuffs and feed mixtures for pigs by in vitro analyses.Anim Feed Sci Tech.1995;51:29-43.
20.Boisen S,Fernandez JA.Prediction of the total tract digestibility of energy in feedstuffs and pig diets by in vitro analyses.Anim Feed Sci Tech.1997;68:277-86.
21.Shelton JL,LeMieux FM,Southern LL,Bidner TD.Effect of microbial phytase addition with or without the trace mineral premix in nursery,growing.and finishing pig diets J Anim Sci.2005;83:376-85.
22.Revy PS,Jondreville C,Dourmad JY,Nys Y.Effect of zinc supplemented as either an organic or an inorganic source and of microbial phytase on zinc and other minerals utilisation by weanling pigs.Anim Feed Sci Tech.2004;16:93-112.
23.Adebiyi OA,Ologhobo AD,Agboola AS.Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral composition of tibia and mineral utilization in broiler fed maize-based diets.Int J Poult Sci.2009;8:570-3.
24.Kim JC,Wilcock P,Bedford MR.Iron status of piglets and impact of phytase superdosing on iron physiology:a review.Anim Feed Sci Tech.2018;235:8-14.
25.Saulnier L,Guillon F,Chateigner-Boutin AL.Cell wall deposition and metabolism in wheat grain.J Cereal Sci.2012;56:91-108.
26.Jaworski NW,L?rke HN,Bach Knudsen KE,Stein HH.Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn,sorghum,and wheat and coproducts from these grains.J Anim Sci.2015;93:1103-13.
27.Bedford MR.Mechanism of action and potential environmental benefits from the use of feed enzymes.Anim Feed Sci Tech.1995;53:145-55.
28.Gutierrez NA,Ser?o NVL,Kerr BJ,Zijlstra RT,Patience JF.Relationships among dietary fiber components and the digestibility of energy,dietary fiber,and amino acids and energy content of nine corn coproducts fed to growing pigs.J Anim Sci.2014;92:4505-17.
29.Debon SJJ,Tester RF.In vitro binding of calcium,iron and zinc by nonstarch polysaccharides.Food Chem.2001;73:401-10.
30.Diebold G,Mosenthin R,Piepho HP,Sauer WC.Effect of supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to a wheat-based diet for weanling pigs on nutrient digestibility and concentrations of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta and feces.J Anim Sci.2004;82:2647-56.
31.Pedersen MB,Yu S,Arent S,Dalsgaard S,Bach Knudsen KE,L?rke HN.Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible carbohydrates in pigs fed high levels of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles.J Anim Sci.2015;93:2885-93.
32.Nortey TN,Patience JF,Sands JS,Trottier NL,Zijlstra RT.Effects of xylanase supplementation on the apparent digestibility and digestible content of energy,amino acids,phosphorus,and calcium in wheat and wheat byproducts from dry milling fed to grower pigs.J Anim Sci.2008;86:3450-64.
33.Woyengo TA,Sands JS,Guenter W,Nyachoti CM.Nutrient digestibility and performance responses of growing pigs fed phytase-and xylanasesupplemented wheat-based diets.J Anim Sci.2008;86:848-57.
34.Fry SC,Nesselrode BHWA,Miller JG,Mewburn BR.Mixed-linkage(1-3,1-4)-β-d-glucan is a major hemicellulose of Equisetum(horsetail)cell walls.New Phytol.2008;179:104-15.
35.S?rensen I,Pettolino FA,Wilson SM,Doblin MS,Johansen B,Bacic A,Willats WGT.Mixed-linkage(1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan is not unique to the poales and is an abundant component of Equisetum arvense cell walls.Plant J.2008;54:510-21.
36.Burton RA,Fincher GB.(1,3:1,4)-β-D-glucans in cell walls of the poaceae,lower plants and funghi:a tale of two linkages.Mol Plant.2009;2:873-82.
37.Masey O’Neill HV,Smith JA,Bedford MR.Multicarbohydrase enzymes for non-ruminants.Asian-Australas J Anim Sci.2014;27:290-301.
38.Wang L,Newman RK,Newman CW,Hofer PJ.Barley beta-glucans alter intestinal viscosity and reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations in chicks.JNutr.1992;122:2292-7.
2.Cang L,Wang YJ,Zhou DM,Dong YH.Heavy metal pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province.China J Environ Sci.2004;03:371-4.
3.Li Y,Chen T.Concentrations of additive arsenic in Beijing pig feeds and the residues in pig manure.Resour Conserv Recy.2005;45:356-67.
4.Chary NS,Kamala CT,Raj DSS.Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer.Ecotox Environ Safe.2008;69:513-24.
5.Elke H,Karl S.Fermentation of food and feed:a technology for efficient utilization of macro and trace elements in monogastrics.J Trace Elem Med Bio.2016;37:69-77.
6.Raes K,Knockaert D,Struijs K,Van CJ.Role of processing on bioaccessibility of minerals:influence of localization of minerals and antinutritional factors in the plant.Trends Food Sci Tech.2014;37:32-41.
7.Lestienne I,Caporiccio B,Besan?on P,Rochette I,Trèche S.Relative contribution of phytates,fibers,and tannins to low iron and zinc in vitro solubility in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum)flour and grain fractions.JAgric Food Chem.2005;21:8342-8.
8.Tiwari SP,Gendley MK,Pathak AK,Gupta R.Influence of an enzyme cocktail and phytase individually or in combination in Ven cobb broiler chickens.Brit Poult Sci.2010;51:92-100.
9.Selle PH,Ravindran V.Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition.Anim Feed Sci Tech.2007;135:1-41.
10.Gonzálezvega JC,Walk CL,Stein HH.Effects of microbial phytase on apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium supplements fed to growing pigs.J Anim Sci.2015;93:2255-64.
11.Letourneau-Montminy MP,Jondreville C,Sauvant D,Narcy A.Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilization by growing pigs:effect of dietary phosphorus,calcium and exogenous phytase.Animal.2012;6:1590-600.
12.Owusu-Asiedu A,Kiarie E,Peron A,Woyengo TA,Simmins PH,Nyachoti CM.Growth performance and nutrient digestibilities in nursery pigs receiving varying doses of xylanase and beta-glucanase blend in pelleted wheat-and barley-based diets.J Anim Sci.2012;90:92-4.
13.Kerr BJ,Shurson GC.Strategies to improve fiber utilization in swine.J Anim Sci Biotechnol.2013;4:11-23.
14.Clarke LC,Sweeney T,Curley E,Gath V,Duffy SK,Vigors S,et al.Effect ofβ-glucanase andβ-xylanase enzyme supplemented barley diets on nutrient digestibility,growth performance and expression of intestinal nutrient transporter genes in finisher pigs.Anim Feed Sci Tech.2018;238:98-110.
15.Yin YL,Baidoo SK,Jin LZ,Liu YG,Schulze H,Simmins PH.The effect of different carbohydrase and protease supplementation on apparent(ileal and overall)digestibility of nutrients of five hulless barley varieties in young pigs.Livest Prod Sci.2001;71:109-20.
16.GB/T 13885-2003/ISO 6869:2000,Animal feeding stuffs-Determination of the contents of calcium,copper,Iron,magnesium,manganese,potassium,sodium and zinc-Method using atomic absorption spectrometry(In Chinese)
17.GB 5009.153-2016.Standard determination of phytic acid in food(In Chinese).
18.Sluiter A,Hames B,Ruiz R,Scarlata C,Sluiter J,Templeton D,Crocker D.Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass.In:Laboratory analytical procedure.National Renewable Laboratory,NREL/TP-510-42618,USA;2012.
19.Boisen S,Fernandez JA.Prediction of the apparent ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in feedstuffs and feed mixtures for pigs by in vitro analyses.Anim Feed Sci Tech.1995;51:29-43.
20.Boisen S,Fernandez JA.Prediction of the total tract digestibility of energy in feedstuffs and pig diets by in vitro analyses.Anim Feed Sci Tech.1997;68:277-86.
21.Shelton JL,LeMieux FM,Southern LL,Bidner TD.Effect of microbial phytase addition with or without the trace mineral premix in nursery,growing.and finishing pig diets J Anim Sci.2005;83:376-85.
22.Revy PS,Jondreville C,Dourmad JY,Nys Y.Effect of zinc supplemented as either an organic or an inorganic source and of microbial phytase on zinc and other minerals utilisation by weanling pigs.Anim Feed Sci Tech.2004;16:93-112.
23.Adebiyi OA,Ologhobo AD,Agboola AS.Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral composition of tibia and mineral utilization in broiler fed maize-based diets.Int J Poult Sci.2009;8:570-3.
24.Kim JC,Wilcock P,Bedford MR.Iron status of piglets and impact of phytase superdosing on iron physiology:a review.Anim Feed Sci Tech.2018;235:8-14.
25.Saulnier L,Guillon F,Chateigner-Boutin AL.Cell wall deposition and metabolism in wheat grain.J Cereal Sci.2012;56:91-108.
26.Jaworski NW,L?rke HN,Bach Knudsen KE,Stein HH.Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn,sorghum,and wheat and coproducts from these grains.J Anim Sci.2015;93:1103-13.
27.Bedford MR.Mechanism of action and potential environmental benefits from the use of feed enzymes.Anim Feed Sci Tech.1995;53:145-55.
28.Gutierrez NA,Ser?o NVL,Kerr BJ,Zijlstra RT,Patience JF.Relationships among dietary fiber components and the digestibility of energy,dietary fiber,and amino acids and energy content of nine corn coproducts fed to growing pigs.J Anim Sci.2014;92:4505-17.
29.Debon SJJ,Tester RF.In vitro binding of calcium,iron and zinc by nonstarch polysaccharides.Food Chem.2001;73:401-10.
30.Diebold G,Mosenthin R,Piepho HP,Sauer WC.Effect of supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to a wheat-based diet for weanling pigs on nutrient digestibility and concentrations of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta and feces.J Anim Sci.2004;82:2647-56.
31.Pedersen MB,Yu S,Arent S,Dalsgaard S,Bach Knudsen KE,L?rke HN.Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible carbohydrates in pigs fed high levels of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles.J Anim Sci.2015;93:2885-93.
32.Nortey TN,Patience JF,Sands JS,Trottier NL,Zijlstra RT.Effects of xylanase supplementation on the apparent digestibility and digestible content of energy,amino acids,phosphorus,and calcium in wheat and wheat byproducts from dry milling fed to grower pigs.J Anim Sci.2008;86:3450-64.
33.Woyengo TA,Sands JS,Guenter W,Nyachoti CM.Nutrient digestibility and performance responses of growing pigs fed phytase-and xylanasesupplemented wheat-based diets.J Anim Sci.2008;86:848-57.
34.Fry SC,Nesselrode BHWA,Miller JG,Mewburn BR.Mixed-linkage(1-3,1-4)-β-d-glucan is a major hemicellulose of Equisetum(horsetail)cell walls.New Phytol.2008;179:104-15.
35.S?rensen I,Pettolino FA,Wilson SM,Doblin MS,Johansen B,Bacic A,Willats WGT.Mixed-linkage(1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan is not unique to the poales and is an abundant component of Equisetum arvense cell walls.Plant J.2008;54:510-21.
36.Burton RA,Fincher GB.(1,3:1,4)-β-D-glucans in cell walls of the poaceae,lower plants and funghi:a tale of two linkages.Mol Plant.2009;2:873-82.
37.Masey O’Neill HV,Smith JA,Bedford MR.Multicarbohydrase enzymes for non-ruminants.Asian-Australas J Anim Sci.2014;27:290-301.
38.Wang L,Newman RK,Newman CW,Hofer PJ.Barley beta-glucans alter intestinal viscosity and reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations in chicks.JNutr.1992;122:2292-7.