渗透汽化分离水中有机物的研究进展
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摘要
渗透汽化是一种分离液体混合物的新兴的选择性膜分离技术,其具有高效、经济、安全、清洁等优点,特别适用于蒸馏法难以分离的近沸点和恒沸点的液体混合物,该技术目前主要应用于有机溶剂中微量水的脱除以及水溶液中少量有机化合物的分离。然而,渗透汽化脱除有机溶剂中微量水的研究是目前开展最多、最成熟,在工业中最先使用的技术;而关于渗透汽化分离水溶液中少量有机化合物的研究还比较少,还不够成熟,在工业中的应用还处于初步阶段,是未来重要的发展方向。与渗透汽化分离有机溶剂中的水相比,渗透汽化分离水中的有机物所需处理的对象更加复杂,对渗透汽化膜的选择性、适应性等方面的要求更高。目前针对渗透汽化分离水中有机物的研究大多是通过制备不同的渗透汽化膜来分离水中不同的有机化合物,并通过改变渗透汽化工艺条件、膜的制备条件等参数来研究渗透汽化过程中各个因素对渗透汽化性能的影响,从而提高渗透汽化分离水中有机物的效果。影响渗透汽化分离水中有机物的因素有很多,主要包括工艺条件和膜条件两方面。在工艺条件方面,各研究主要考察料液中有机物的浓度、料液温度和渗透压力对渗透汽化性能的影响,因为这几个因素在渗透汽化工艺中容易控制和调节,并且它们对渗透汽化工艺的影响效果明显。研究发现,对于分离水中的单一有机物时,随着料液中有机物浓度的增加,有机物的渗透通量会增加,但有机物的分离因子可能增大,也可能减小;随着料液温度的升高,有机物的渗透通量会增加,但有机物的分离因子可能增大,也可能减小;随着渗透压力的增加,渗透汽化性能会提高。在膜条件方面,各研究主要是制备一些新型的优先透有机物膜,或是对现有的优先透有机物膜进行改性,从而来分离水中不同的有机物。通过改善膜的制备条件、结构、性质等方面,来提高膜对有机物的亲和性和选择性,从而提高渗透汽化性能。本文介绍了渗透汽化分离水中有机物的特点、原理以及相关研究进展,综述了不同的渗透汽化膜及工艺条件对分离水中有机物渗透汽化性能的影响,总结了关于渗透汽化分离水中有机物的研究中的实验结果,并对渗透汽化分离水中有机物技术的应用前景进行了展望。
Pervaporation is a novel selective membrane separation technology used for liquid mixture separation. It has the advantages of high efficiency,economy,safety and cleanliness,and it is suitable for the separation of a similar boiling point mixture which is difficult to be separated by distillation. This technology is mainly applied to the removal of trace water from organic solvents and the separation of small amounts of organic compounds from aqueous solutions at present. However,the researches on the removal of trace water from organic solvents by pervaporation is the most developed,most mature and the first to be used in industry,but the studies on the separation of small amounts of organic compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation are few,not mature enough,and the application in industry is still in the preliminary stage,which is an important development direction in the future.Compared to the separation of water from organic solvents by pervaporation,the separation of organic compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation needs to be treated more complex,the requirements on the selectivity and adaptability of pervaporation membranes are higher. So the study of the separation of organic compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation including the preparation of different pervaporation membrane to separate different organic compounds in water,and changing the technological conditions of pervaporation process and the membrane preparation conditions. Thus,the effects of various factors on the properties of pervaporation in the process of pervaporation were studied,thus the separation of organic compounds from water by pervaporation are optimized.There are many factors influencing the separation of organic compounds from water by pervaporation,including two aspects: technological conditions and membrane conditions. In terms of technological conditions,the effects of concentration of organic compound,temperature and permeation pressure on pervaporation performance were investigated,because this factors were easy to control and adjust in pervaporation process,and the effect was obvious. The study found that when a single organic compound was separated from water,with the increased of the concentration of organic compound,the permeation flux of organic compound would increase,but the separation factor of organic compound might increase or decrease. With the increased of temperature,the permeation flux of organic compound would increase,but the separation factor of organic compound might increase or decrease. With the increased of permeation pressure,the performance of the pervaporation would be improved. In terms of membrane conditions,the main researches were to prepare some new priority permeable organic membranes,or modify the existing priority permeable organic membranes,thus to separate the different organic compounds from the water. The affinity and selectivity of the membrane to organic compound were improved,by optimizing the preparation conditions,structure and properties of the membrane,and the pervaporation performances were improved.In this paper,the characteristics,the principle and the related research progress in separation organics from aqueous solution by pervaporation were introduced,and the effects of different pervaporation membranes and technological conditions on the pervaporation properties of separation organics from aqueous solution were reviewed,and some experimental results on the separation of organic compounds from water by pervaporation were summarized,and the application prospect of separation organics from aqueous solution by pervaporation was prospected.
Pervaporation is a novel selective membrane separation technology used for liquid mixture separation. It has the advantages of high efficiency,economy,safety and cleanliness,and it is suitable for the separation of a similar boiling point mixture which is difficult to be separated by distillation. This technology is mainly applied to the removal of trace water from organic solvents and the separation of small amounts of organic compounds from aqueous solutions at present. However,the researches on the removal of trace water from organic solvents by pervaporation is the most developed,most mature and the first to be used in industry,but the studies on the separation of small amounts of organic compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation are few,not mature enough,and the application in industry is still in the preliminary stage,which is an important development direction in the future.Compared to the separation of water from organic solvents by pervaporation,the separation of organic compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation needs to be treated more complex,the requirements on the selectivity and adaptability of pervaporation membranes are higher. So the study of the separation of organic compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation including the preparation of different pervaporation membrane to separate different organic compounds in water,and changing the technological conditions of pervaporation process and the membrane preparation conditions. Thus,the effects of various factors on the properties of pervaporation in the process of pervaporation were studied,thus the separation of organic compounds from water by pervaporation are optimized.There are many factors influencing the separation of organic compounds from water by pervaporation,including two aspects: technological conditions and membrane conditions. In terms of technological conditions,the effects of concentration of organic compound,temperature and permeation pressure on pervaporation performance were investigated,because this factors were easy to control and adjust in pervaporation process,and the effect was obvious. The study found that when a single organic compound was separated from water,with the increased of the concentration of organic compound,the permeation flux of organic compound would increase,but the separation factor of organic compound might increase or decrease. With the increased of temperature,the permeation flux of organic compound would increase,but the separation factor of organic compound might increase or decrease. With the increased of permeation pressure,the performance of the pervaporation would be improved. In terms of membrane conditions,the main researches were to prepare some new priority permeable organic membranes,or modify the existing priority permeable organic membranes,thus to separate the different organic compounds from the water. The affinity and selectivity of the membrane to organic compound were improved,by optimizing the preparation conditions,structure and properties of the membrane,and the pervaporation performances were improved.In this paper,the characteristics,the principle and the related research progress in separation organics from aqueous solution by pervaporation were introduced,and the effects of different pervaporation membranes and technological conditions on the pervaporation properties of separation organics from aqueous solution were reviewed,and some experimental results on the separation of organic compounds from water by pervaporation were summarized,and the application prospect of separation organics from aqueous solution by pervaporation was prospected.
引文
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4 Jin W Q,Liu G P,Xu N P. Membrane Science and Technology,2011,31(3),25(in Chinese).金万勤,刘公平,徐南平.膜科学与技术,2011,31(3),25.
5 Ohshima T,Kogami Y,Miyata T,et al. Journal of Membrane Science,2005,260(1-2),156.
6 You T,Chen L X,Zhang Q W,et al. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2009,28(9),1653(in Chinese).由涛,陈龙祥,张庆文,等.化工进展,2009,28(9),1653.
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25 Yi S,Wan Y. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,313,1639.
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27 Zhou H,Shi R,Jin W. Separation&Purification Technology,2014,127(1),61.
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29 Zhang S Y,Zou Yun,Wei T Y,et al. CIESC Journal,2016,67(11),4662(in Chinese).张时雨,邹昀,韦藤幼,等.化工学报,2016,67(11),4662.
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40 Kujawa J,Cerneaux S,Kujawski W. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,260,43.
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42 Liu Y,Shi B. Separation&Purification Technology,2009,65(3),233.
43 Kujawa J,Cerneaux S,Kujawski W. Journal of Membrane Science,2015,474,11.
44 Dong Z,Liu G,Liu S,et al. Journal of Membrane Science,2014,450(2),38.
45 Liu K,Fu X N. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2016,30(4),806(in Chinese).刘琨,付夏娜.高校化学工程学报,2016,30(4),806.
46 Wei C G,Qi L,Zhou Y C,et al. Modern Chemical Industry,2017,37(12),88(in Chinese).韦超广,戚律,周元冲,等.现代化工,2017,37(12),88.
47 Ahn H,Lee Y. Journal of Membrane Science,2006,279(1),459.
48 Rom A,Friedl A. Separation&Purification Technology,2016,170,40.