Self-esteem enhancement as a strategy for promoting the mental health and averting the occupational problems of nurses
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摘要
In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses' selfesteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses' self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses' self-esteem.
In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses' selfesteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses' self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses' self-esteem.
In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses' selfesteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses' self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses' self-esteem.
引文
1. Civitci N, Civitci A. Self-esteem as mediator and moderator of the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in adolescents. Pers Indiv Differ. 2009;47:954-958.
2. Gao S,Zhang XK,Xu XL. A meta-analysis of the relationship between self-esteem and mental health:the sample of Chinese college students. Adv Psychol Sci. 2015;23:1499-1507(in Chinese).
3. Li YX, Li YM. Relationship among job burnout, selfesteem, health and intention to quit of nurses. Chin J Nurs. 2007;42:392-396(in Chinese).
4. Ma L, Li HP, Hu Y, Zhang T, Wang DB. Subjective well-being and its influencing factors among nurses.Chin J Public Health. 2014;30:215-217(in Chinese).
5. Du JZ, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Core self-evaluations:a new approach of dispositional research. Adv Psychol Sci. 2007;15:116-121(in Chinese).
6. Wu D, Zhang M, Yan L, et al. Current status and influence factors of turnover intention of nurses in a third-level first-class hospital in Anhui province. J Nurs. 2015;22:37-41(in Chinese).
7. Qian Y. Study on the Strategy of Retention of Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals. Zhejiang:Zhejiang University.2017(in Chinese).
8. James BW. The Principles of Psychology. Vol 1.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press. 1890.
9. Coopersmith S. The antecedent of self-esteem. Am Social Rev. 1967;34:003-1224.
10. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent selfimage. Soc Forces. 1965;3:1780-1790.
11. Brown JD. Self-esteem and self-evaluation:Feeling is believing. In:Suls JM, ed. Psychological Perspectives on the Self, Vol. 4. The Self in Social Perspective. Hillsdale, NJ, US:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 1993:27-58.
12. Zhang J. A survey of studies on self-esteem.JNUAA. 2002;4:82-86(in Chinese).
13. Wang Y, Ollendick TH. A cross-cultural and developmental analysis of self-esteem in Chinese and western children. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev.2001;4:253-271.
14. Tafarodi RW, Swann WB Jr. Self-liking and selfcompetence as dimensions of global self-esteem:initial validation of a measure. J Pers Assess.1995;65:322.
15. Tafarodi RW, Swann WB Jr. Two-dimensional selfesteem:theory and measurement. Pers Indiv Differ.2001;31:653-673.
16. Hu R, Xu JY, Gui WW. The application of positive psychology in clinical nursing. Chin J Pract Nurs.2017;33:95-97(in Chinese).
17. Diener E, Chan MY. Happy people live longer:subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being. 2011;3:1-43.
18. Gao Y, Wang XR, Zeng J, Zan Q, Zhang YA. Influence of nurses sense of control on subjective wellbeing and mediating role of self-esteem. Chin Nurs Res. 2017;31:2601-2604(in Chinese).
19. Liu HH, Zhang XH, Chang R, Wang W. A research regarding the relationship among intensive care nurses self-esteem, job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Int J Nurs Sci. 2017;4:291-295.
20. Xue Y, Zhang X, Xu NQ, Zhou YH, Chen JW. Effect of self-efficacy mediating with self-esteem on marital quality of nurses. J Mod Nurs. 2013;19:1034-1036(in Chinese).
21. Zhou Q, Shi J. Discussion on the relationship among work pressure, satisfaction, organizational commitment and tendency of youth nurses. Chin J Pract Nurs. 2014;5:173-174(in Chinese).
22. Dabirian A, Malekipour S, Kakhki AD. The correlation between nurses self-esteem and job satisfaction in educational hospitals of Khorramabad in2014. Off Sci Tech Inf Tech Rep. 2015;4:2161-2180.
23. Zhang LG, Ma HL, Wang ZJ, Jing TT, Jiang HB.Self-esteem, affective commitment as mediators between work-family enrichment and life satisfaction, job satisfaction among the nursing staff. Chin J Nurs. 2016;51:454-458(in Chinese).
24. Kang KS, Roh SS. A study on self-esteem, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being of university freshmen. Int Workshop Educ. 2014;13:579-593.
25. Kim JH, Kang GS. The effects of self-efficacy and collective efficacy on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of nurses. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2014;23:123-133.
26. Nursing AAOC, Washington. The essentials of baccalaureate education for professional nursing practice. JAdv Nurs, 1998;34:724-725.
27. McNeese-Smith DK, Crook M. Nursing values and a changing nurse workforce:values, age, and job stages. J Nurs Admin. 2003;33:260-270.
28. Lu LJ, Gao LJ, Hu L. The level of professional values and associated factors among newly employed nurses. J Nurs Sci. 2015;30:64-67(in Chinese).
29. Adeniran RK, Bhattacharya A, Adeniran AA. Professional excellence and career advancement in nursing:a conceptual framework for clinical leadership development. NursAdm Q. 2012;36:41-51.
30. Huang SS, Liu YS, Zhang XT, Zhang S, Liu YH.Effects of self-esteem and perceived organizational support for male nurses'career success. Chin J Nurs. 2016;51:599-603(in Chinese).
31. Hayes MM, Chatterjee S, Schwartzstein RM. Critical thinking in critical care:five strategies to improve teaching and learning in the intensive care unit. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14:569-575.
32. Gang M. Critical thinking disposition and self-esteem of psychiatric mental health nurses. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2011;20:404-413.
33. Choi E, Hwang J, Jang I. Effects of nursing practice environment and self-esteem on critical thinking disposition among clinical nurses. J Korean Acad Nurs Admin. 2017;23:161-169.
34. Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout.Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:397-422.
35. Claudia H, Willibald R. The relationships of character strengths with coping, work-related stress, and job satisfaction. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1-12.
36. Dong XF, Liu YJ, Wang AX, Lyu PH, Peng ZM. Discussion on the relationship between nurses'job burnout and health-related work inefficiencies. Chin J Pract Nurs. 2013;29:1-3(in Chinese).
37. Jun YJ, Mi HS. Effects of traumatic events, compassion fatigue, self-esteem and compassion satisfaction on burnout of nurses in emergency department. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2014;23:80-88.
38. Bao MZ, Wu D, Liu Y, et al. A survey of the relationship among mental health, stressors and coping styles of 488 nurses. Chin Gen Nurs. 2014;12:843-845(in Chinese).
39. Michael OE, Nnaemeka CA, Evelyn 00. Influence of self-esteem and demographic variables on anxiety among female nurses. Res Health Sci.2016;1:2470-6205.
40. Chen SX, Ma HX, Zhang L, Chen JQ, Zhang LY.Self-esteem, competitive attitude and psychological health of position competition nurses. Chin J Health Psychol. 2014;22:862-864(in Chinese).
41. Zhang YY, Zuo B. A review of researches on fear management theory of self-esteem. Adv Psychol Sci. 2006;14:273-280(in Chinese).
42. Ou MY. Correlation between work ability and mental factors of nurses in one Grade A hospital of Foshan City, Guangdong Province. J Mod Nurs.2013;19:295-298(in Chinese).
43. Nie GH, Li YX, Tang ZH. A study on the relationship among workplace bullying, affective commitment and intention to leave. Chin J Clin Psychol.2011;19:113-115(in Chinese).
44. Rutherford A, Rissel C, A survey of workplace bullying in a health sector organisation. Aust Health Rev Public Aust Hosp Assoc. 2004;28:65-72.
45. Meng P, Ting A, Rahman M. Workplace bullying and its association with depression and self-esteemamongst health care workers in selected hospitals in Sarawak. Med J Malaysia. 2017;72:46.
46. Nie GH, Wu JD, Wei B. Relationship between workplace bullying, self-esteem, health and job performance among nurses. Chin J Public Health.2013;29:1806-1808(in Chinese).
47. Abed GA,EI-Amrosy SH, Atia MM. The effect of assertiveness training program on improving selfesteem of psychiatric nurses. J Nurs Sci. 2015; 1:1-8.
48. Lin YR, Shiah IS, Chang YC, Lai TJ, Wang KY, Chou KR. Evaluation of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students'assertiveness,self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction. Nurs Educ Today. 2004;24:656-665.
49. Shimizu T, Kubota S, Mishima N, Nagata S. Relationship between self-esteem and assertiveness training among Japanese hospital nurses. J Occup Health. 2004;46:296-298.
50. Heppner WL,Kernis MH.“Quiet ego” functioning:the complementary roles of mindfulness, authenticity, and secure high self-esteem. Psychol Inq.2007;18:248-251.
51. Wu YX, Wang Q. The Satir model group psychological intervention's effect on self-esteem of college students. Chin J Health Psychol. 2014;22:77-78(in Chinese).
52. Cao D, Peng WW, Gao F, Li XY, Xu D, Wang DH.Study on influence of group psychological counseling on self-esteem level and psychological pressure of male nursing students. Chin Nurs Res.2015;29:2863-2865(in Chinese).
53. Crocker J, Luhtanen RK, Cooper ML, Bouvrette A. Contingencies of self-worth in college students:theory and measurement. J Pers Soc Psychol.2003;85:894-908.
54. Crocker J, Park LE. The costly pursuit of selfesteem. Psychol Bull. 2004;130:392-414.
55. Zhang RK. The new hot spot in the field of selfesteem-the change of self-worth. J Hubei U Educ.2013;30:101-106(in Chinese).
2. Gao S,Zhang XK,Xu XL. A meta-analysis of the relationship between self-esteem and mental health:the sample of Chinese college students. Adv Psychol Sci. 2015;23:1499-1507(in Chinese).
3. Li YX, Li YM. Relationship among job burnout, selfesteem, health and intention to quit of nurses. Chin J Nurs. 2007;42:392-396(in Chinese).
4. Ma L, Li HP, Hu Y, Zhang T, Wang DB. Subjective well-being and its influencing factors among nurses.Chin J Public Health. 2014;30:215-217(in Chinese).
5. Du JZ, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Core self-evaluations:a new approach of dispositional research. Adv Psychol Sci. 2007;15:116-121(in Chinese).
6. Wu D, Zhang M, Yan L, et al. Current status and influence factors of turnover intention of nurses in a third-level first-class hospital in Anhui province. J Nurs. 2015;22:37-41(in Chinese).
7. Qian Y. Study on the Strategy of Retention of Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals. Zhejiang:Zhejiang University.2017(in Chinese).
8. James BW. The Principles of Psychology. Vol 1.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press. 1890.
9. Coopersmith S. The antecedent of self-esteem. Am Social Rev. 1967;34:003-1224.
10. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent selfimage. Soc Forces. 1965;3:1780-1790.
11. Brown JD. Self-esteem and self-evaluation:Feeling is believing. In:Suls JM, ed. Psychological Perspectives on the Self, Vol. 4. The Self in Social Perspective. Hillsdale, NJ, US:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 1993:27-58.
12. Zhang J. A survey of studies on self-esteem.JNUAA. 2002;4:82-86(in Chinese).
13. Wang Y, Ollendick TH. A cross-cultural and developmental analysis of self-esteem in Chinese and western children. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev.2001;4:253-271.
14. Tafarodi RW, Swann WB Jr. Self-liking and selfcompetence as dimensions of global self-esteem:initial validation of a measure. J Pers Assess.1995;65:322.
15. Tafarodi RW, Swann WB Jr. Two-dimensional selfesteem:theory and measurement. Pers Indiv Differ.2001;31:653-673.
16. Hu R, Xu JY, Gui WW. The application of positive psychology in clinical nursing. Chin J Pract Nurs.2017;33:95-97(in Chinese).
17. Diener E, Chan MY. Happy people live longer:subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being. 2011;3:1-43.
18. Gao Y, Wang XR, Zeng J, Zan Q, Zhang YA. Influence of nurses sense of control on subjective wellbeing and mediating role of self-esteem. Chin Nurs Res. 2017;31:2601-2604(in Chinese).
19. Liu HH, Zhang XH, Chang R, Wang W. A research regarding the relationship among intensive care nurses self-esteem, job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Int J Nurs Sci. 2017;4:291-295.
20. Xue Y, Zhang X, Xu NQ, Zhou YH, Chen JW. Effect of self-efficacy mediating with self-esteem on marital quality of nurses. J Mod Nurs. 2013;19:1034-1036(in Chinese).
21. Zhou Q, Shi J. Discussion on the relationship among work pressure, satisfaction, organizational commitment and tendency of youth nurses. Chin J Pract Nurs. 2014;5:173-174(in Chinese).
22. Dabirian A, Malekipour S, Kakhki AD. The correlation between nurses self-esteem and job satisfaction in educational hospitals of Khorramabad in2014. Off Sci Tech Inf Tech Rep. 2015;4:2161-2180.
23. Zhang LG, Ma HL, Wang ZJ, Jing TT, Jiang HB.Self-esteem, affective commitment as mediators between work-family enrichment and life satisfaction, job satisfaction among the nursing staff. Chin J Nurs. 2016;51:454-458(in Chinese).
24. Kang KS, Roh SS. A study on self-esteem, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being of university freshmen. Int Workshop Educ. 2014;13:579-593.
25. Kim JH, Kang GS. The effects of self-efficacy and collective efficacy on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of nurses. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2014;23:123-133.
26. Nursing AAOC, Washington. The essentials of baccalaureate education for professional nursing practice. JAdv Nurs, 1998;34:724-725.
27. McNeese-Smith DK, Crook M. Nursing values and a changing nurse workforce:values, age, and job stages. J Nurs Admin. 2003;33:260-270.
28. Lu LJ, Gao LJ, Hu L. The level of professional values and associated factors among newly employed nurses. J Nurs Sci. 2015;30:64-67(in Chinese).
29. Adeniran RK, Bhattacharya A, Adeniran AA. Professional excellence and career advancement in nursing:a conceptual framework for clinical leadership development. NursAdm Q. 2012;36:41-51.
30. Huang SS, Liu YS, Zhang XT, Zhang S, Liu YH.Effects of self-esteem and perceived organizational support for male nurses'career success. Chin J Nurs. 2016;51:599-603(in Chinese).
31. Hayes MM, Chatterjee S, Schwartzstein RM. Critical thinking in critical care:five strategies to improve teaching and learning in the intensive care unit. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14:569-575.
32. Gang M. Critical thinking disposition and self-esteem of psychiatric mental health nurses. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2011;20:404-413.
33. Choi E, Hwang J, Jang I. Effects of nursing practice environment and self-esteem on critical thinking disposition among clinical nurses. J Korean Acad Nurs Admin. 2017;23:161-169.
34. Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout.Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:397-422.
35. Claudia H, Willibald R. The relationships of character strengths with coping, work-related stress, and job satisfaction. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1-12.
36. Dong XF, Liu YJ, Wang AX, Lyu PH, Peng ZM. Discussion on the relationship between nurses'job burnout and health-related work inefficiencies. Chin J Pract Nurs. 2013;29:1-3(in Chinese).
37. Jun YJ, Mi HS. Effects of traumatic events, compassion fatigue, self-esteem and compassion satisfaction on burnout of nurses in emergency department. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2014;23:80-88.
38. Bao MZ, Wu D, Liu Y, et al. A survey of the relationship among mental health, stressors and coping styles of 488 nurses. Chin Gen Nurs. 2014;12:843-845(in Chinese).
39. Michael OE, Nnaemeka CA, Evelyn 00. Influence of self-esteem and demographic variables on anxiety among female nurses. Res Health Sci.2016;1:2470-6205.
40. Chen SX, Ma HX, Zhang L, Chen JQ, Zhang LY.Self-esteem, competitive attitude and psychological health of position competition nurses. Chin J Health Psychol. 2014;22:862-864(in Chinese).
41. Zhang YY, Zuo B. A review of researches on fear management theory of self-esteem. Adv Psychol Sci. 2006;14:273-280(in Chinese).
42. Ou MY. Correlation between work ability and mental factors of nurses in one Grade A hospital of Foshan City, Guangdong Province. J Mod Nurs.2013;19:295-298(in Chinese).
43. Nie GH, Li YX, Tang ZH. A study on the relationship among workplace bullying, affective commitment and intention to leave. Chin J Clin Psychol.2011;19:113-115(in Chinese).
44. Rutherford A, Rissel C, A survey of workplace bullying in a health sector organisation. Aust Health Rev Public Aust Hosp Assoc. 2004;28:65-72.
45. Meng P, Ting A, Rahman M. Workplace bullying and its association with depression and self-esteemamongst health care workers in selected hospitals in Sarawak. Med J Malaysia. 2017;72:46.
46. Nie GH, Wu JD, Wei B. Relationship between workplace bullying, self-esteem, health and job performance among nurses. Chin J Public Health.2013;29:1806-1808(in Chinese).
47. Abed GA,EI-Amrosy SH, Atia MM. The effect of assertiveness training program on improving selfesteem of psychiatric nurses. J Nurs Sci. 2015; 1:1-8.
48. Lin YR, Shiah IS, Chang YC, Lai TJ, Wang KY, Chou KR. Evaluation of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students'assertiveness,self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction. Nurs Educ Today. 2004;24:656-665.
49. Shimizu T, Kubota S, Mishima N, Nagata S. Relationship between self-esteem and assertiveness training among Japanese hospital nurses. J Occup Health. 2004;46:296-298.
50. Heppner WL,Kernis MH.“Quiet ego” functioning:the complementary roles of mindfulness, authenticity, and secure high self-esteem. Psychol Inq.2007;18:248-251.
51. Wu YX, Wang Q. The Satir model group psychological intervention's effect on self-esteem of college students. Chin J Health Psychol. 2014;22:77-78(in Chinese).
52. Cao D, Peng WW, Gao F, Li XY, Xu D, Wang DH.Study on influence of group psychological counseling on self-esteem level and psychological pressure of male nursing students. Chin Nurs Res.2015;29:2863-2865(in Chinese).
53. Crocker J, Luhtanen RK, Cooper ML, Bouvrette A. Contingencies of self-worth in college students:theory and measurement. J Pers Soc Psychol.2003;85:894-908.
54. Crocker J, Park LE. The costly pursuit of selfesteem. Psychol Bull. 2004;130:392-414.
55. Zhang RK. The new hot spot in the field of selfesteem-the change of self-worth. J Hubei U Educ.2013;30:101-106(in Chinese).