基于常规测井和成像测井的致密储层裂缝识别方法——以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组为例
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摘要
测井技术在常规储层裂缝识别和分析中应用广泛,但在致密储层裂缝识别方面应用较少。以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层为研究对象,应用常规测井和成像测井方法对致密储层裂缝进行了识别和定量表征,系统总结了常规测井和成像测井裂缝的识别特征,并将上下"甜点"体裂缝发育情况进行了对比。结果显示,孔隙度测井对裂缝响应较好,电阻率测井对裂缝响应一般,岩性测井对裂缝响应最不明显;在裂缝发育较多的层段,自然伽马值多高于70 API,浅探测电阻率一般小于80Ω·m,岩层体积密度小于2.43 g/cm~3,中子孔隙度大于28%,声波时差大于246μs/m。成像测井对不同的填充物响应特征不同,根据不同地质结构的成像测井特征,划分出块状、条带状、线状等多种成像测井模式。芦草沟组致密储层上下"甜点"体裂缝倾向分布一致、力学成因相似、相对线密度相差不大,但下"甜点"体裂缝宽度较大,部分层段裂缝集中程度相对较高,该认识对于致密储层裂缝的测井识别和定量评价具有重要意义。
Well logging is widely used in identifying fractures in conventional reservoirs. However,this approach is rarely used in analyzing fractures in tight reservoirs. The fractures in the tight reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag were identified and quantitatively characterized by conventional logging and imaging logging methods,the response characteristics of conventional logging to fractures were systematically summarized,the fracture genesis were analyzed by using imaging logging data,and the development of the upper and lower sweet spots were compared. The results show that the conventional porosity logging is most applicable for identifying natural fractures in tight reservoirs,resistivity logging is also usable,and lithologic logging is poorly effective.In fracture developed zones,the natural gamma value is more than 70 API,the shallow resistivity is generally less than 80 Ω·m,the volume density of rock is less than 2.43 g/cm~3,the neutron porosity is more than 28%,and the acoustic acoustic moveout is more than 246 μs/m. The imaging logging has different response characteristics to different fillers. According to the different imaging logging characteristics,the block,strip,linear and other imaging logging models were proposed. The natural fractures in the upper and lower sweet spots have similar dip direction,mechanical origin,and total linear density,though the fractures in the lower sweet spot display relatively larger width and develop more concentrated. These results are of great significance for the identification and evaluation of natural fractures in tight reservoirs.
Well logging is widely used in identifying fractures in conventional reservoirs. However,this approach is rarely used in analyzing fractures in tight reservoirs. The fractures in the tight reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag were identified and quantitatively characterized by conventional logging and imaging logging methods,the response characteristics of conventional logging to fractures were systematically summarized,the fracture genesis were analyzed by using imaging logging data,and the development of the upper and lower sweet spots were compared. The results show that the conventional porosity logging is most applicable for identifying natural fractures in tight reservoirs,resistivity logging is also usable,and lithologic logging is poorly effective.In fracture developed zones,the natural gamma value is more than 70 API,the shallow resistivity is generally less than 80 Ω·m,the volume density of rock is less than 2.43 g/cm~3,the neutron porosity is more than 28%,and the acoustic acoustic moveout is more than 246 μs/m. The imaging logging has different response characteristics to different fillers. According to the different imaging logging characteristics,the block,strip,linear and other imaging logging models were proposed. The natural fractures in the upper and lower sweet spots have similar dip direction,mechanical origin,and total linear density,though the fractures in the lower sweet spot display relatively larger width and develop more concentrated. These results are of great significance for the identification and evaluation of natural fractures in tight reservoirs.
引文
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[2]邓虎成,周文,周秋媚,等.新场气田须二气藏天然裂缝有效性定量表征方法及应用.岩石学报,2013,29(3):1087-1097.DENG H C,ZHOU W,ZHOU Q M,et al.Quantification characterization of the valid natural fractures in the 2nd Xu member,Xinchang gas field.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(3):1087-1097.
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[6]李哲,汤军,张云鹏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾地区长8储层裂缝特征研究.岩性油气藏,2012,24(5):65-70.LI Z,TANG J,ZHANG Y P,et al.Fracture characteristics of Chang 8 reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Xiasiwan area,Ordos Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(5):65-70.
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[10]葸克来,操应长,朱如凯,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油储层岩石类型及特征.石油学报,2015,36(12):1495-1507.XI K L,CAO Y C,ZHU R K,et al.Rock types and characteristics of tight oil reservoir in Permian Lucaogou Formation,Jimusar Sag.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(12):1495-1507.
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[12]李晓晖.自然电位与自然伽马测井曲线在砂泥岩中的测井响应特征.石化技术,2017,24(2):145.LI X H.Log response characteristics of SP and GR logging curve in sandstone and mudstone.Petrochemical Technology,2017,24(2):145.
[13]董双波,柯式镇,张红静,等.利用常规测井资料识别裂缝方法研究.测井技术,2013,37(4):380-384.DONG S B,KE S Z,ZHANG H J,et al.On fracture identification with conventional well logging data.Well Logging Technology,2013,37(4):380-384.
[14]李华彬.井径测井在煤田测井中的应用分析.资源信息与工程,2017,32(1):60.LI H B.Application of well logging in coal well logging.Resource Information and Engineering,2017,32(1):60.
[15]张光辉.油气储层测井裂缝识别方法研究及软件研制.成都:成都理工大学,2011.ZHANG G H.Method research and software development of identification of fracture in oil or gas reservoir based on well logging.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.
[16]曾联波,柯式镇,刘洋.低渗透油气储层裂缝研究方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2010:49-52.ZENG L B,KE S Z,LIU Y.Research methods of low-permeability oil and gas reservoir crack.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:49-52.
[17]罗少成,成志刚,林伟川,等.致密油储层常规测井系列适应性评价研究.复杂油气藏,2014,7(3):28-31.LUO S C,CHENG Z G,LIN W C,et al.Adaptability analysis of conventional logging series for tight oil reservoirs.Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2014,7(3):28-31.
[18]洪有密.测井原理及综合解释.东营:中国石油大学出版社,1998:159.HONG Y M.Logging principle and comprehensive interpretation.Dongying:Press of University of Petroleum,China,1998:159.
[19]方丽,黄强,匡华.慢度-频率投影测井:一种精确计算声波慢度的新质量控制法.国外测井技术,2006,21(3):60-63.FANG L,HUANG Q,KUANG H.Slow-frequency projection logging:a new quality control method that accurately calculates the slowness of sound waves.Foreign Logging Technology,2006,21(3):60-63.
[20]魏成章,李忠春,吴昌吉.柴达木盆地南翼山凝析气藏裂缝性储层特征.天然气工业,1999,19(4):5-7.WEI C Z,LI Z C,WU C J.Characteristics of the fractured reservoir of condensate gas pool of Nanyishan oil field in Chaidamu Basin.Natural Gas Industry,1999,19(4):5-7.
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