南大巴山前陆冲断褶皱带断裂流体地球化学特征及构造保存研究
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摘要
南大巴山前陆构造带位于城口断裂与铁溪-巫溪断裂之间,为研究该构造带断裂对烃类运移及构造对页岩气保存的影响,本文对该构造带内断裂流体的碳氧同位素和流体包裹体进行了测试分析。测试结果显示,研究区断裂流体碳氧同位素整体较围岩更为分散,δ~(13)C_(PDB)介于-2.9‰~3.9‰之间,属正常海相碳酸盐层的碳同位素值,坪坝断裂附近δ~(13)C_(PDB)呈明显亏损,具外来流体混合的特征。流体包裹体为含烃的气液二相盐水包裹体,气相成分为CH_4,液相为H_2O。包裹体均一温度以城口断裂附近最高,主要为311~336℃,频率峰值温度为328℃;往南叠瓦带流体均一温度主要位于183~269℃之间,峰值为230℃,断褶带峰值为213℃,滑脱褶皱带为170℃,整体表现为向盆内方向降低。盐度主要为4.43%~8.6%NaCl。研究表明,城口断裂作为大巴山构造带南北分界的主干断裂,古流体的形成温度和热演化程度最高,且从盆地向北至城口断裂,各构造带流体的热演化程度、成岩温度、古流体压力均逐渐升高,说明随着构造活动的增强,构造带中的流体更为活跃,持续时间更长,导致流体形成的深度和温度变化较大。构造带内的流体总体上形成于封闭体系,在主构造应力的驱动下,盆地深部含烃流体沿断裂向浅部运移,并与浅部地层流体发生混合,运移通道整体处于封闭状态;而构造带内的一些次级断裂,因其形成的时间以及向下延伸的深度不足以触及下古生界烃源岩层,因此其对流体封闭性的影响有限。
The foreland thrust-fold belt in south Dabashan is located between Chengkou fracture and Tiexi-Wuxi buried fracture.To study the influence of tectonic activity on the hydrocarbon migration and preservation of shale gas,this study carried out analysis of C and O isotope for fluid inclusions from the Dabashan foreland structural belt.The results show that the distribution of the fluid carbon and oxygen isotope is more dispersed than that of surrounding rocks.And the δ~(13)C_(PDB) is distributed between-2.9‰ and 3.9‰,which belongs to normal marine carbonate carbon layer.The liquid near the Pingba fault shows depleted in δ~(13)C_(PDB),showing characteristic of foreign fluid mixing.The fluid inclusions consist of hydrocarbon-bearing gas and liquid two phases,with gas phase of CH_4 and liquid phase of H_2O.Homogenization temperature of vapor-liquid aqueous inclusions is the highest in that of fluids near the Chengkou fault,and range from311℃to 336℃ with a peak of 328℃.Southwardly,homogenization temperature is from 183℃to 269℃in the imbricated thrust zone with a peak of 230℃,has a peak of 213℃in the thrust-fold belt and 170℃in decollement fold belt,displaying agradually decreasing trend toward the basin.Salinities of vapor-liquid aqueous inclusions are from 4.43% to 8.6% NaCl.The study shows that the Chengkou fracture,as a major fault dividing the north and the south boundary of the Dabashan tectonic belt,has high temperature and thermal evolution degree of the ancient fluid.The thermal evolution degree,rock-forming temperature and the ancient fluid pressure increase gradually from the basin northwards the Chengkou fracture,suggesting that with strengthening of the tectonic activity,fluids in the structural belt are more active and lasts longer,resulting in that depth and temperature of fluid vary greatly.The liquid in the structural belt was overall formed in a closed system.The deep hydrocarbon fluid driven by the main tectonic stress migrated along fractures up to the shallow part of the basin,and then mixed with the shallow formation fluid.However,some secondary fractures have the limited impact on fluid sealing because their forming time and insufficient depth can not reach the lower Paleozoic hydrocarbon source rock.
The foreland thrust-fold belt in south Dabashan is located between Chengkou fracture and Tiexi-Wuxi buried fracture.To study the influence of tectonic activity on the hydrocarbon migration and preservation of shale gas,this study carried out analysis of C and O isotope for fluid inclusions from the Dabashan foreland structural belt.The results show that the distribution of the fluid carbon and oxygen isotope is more dispersed than that of surrounding rocks.And the δ~(13)C_(PDB) is distributed between-2.9‰ and 3.9‰,which belongs to normal marine carbonate carbon layer.The liquid near the Pingba fault shows depleted in δ~(13)C_(PDB),showing characteristic of foreign fluid mixing.The fluid inclusions consist of hydrocarbon-bearing gas and liquid two phases,with gas phase of CH_4 and liquid phase of H_2O.Homogenization temperature of vapor-liquid aqueous inclusions is the highest in that of fluids near the Chengkou fault,and range from311℃to 336℃ with a peak of 328℃.Southwardly,homogenization temperature is from 183℃to 269℃in the imbricated thrust zone with a peak of 230℃,has a peak of 213℃in the thrust-fold belt and 170℃in decollement fold belt,displaying agradually decreasing trend toward the basin.Salinities of vapor-liquid aqueous inclusions are from 4.43% to 8.6% NaCl.The study shows that the Chengkou fracture,as a major fault dividing the north and the south boundary of the Dabashan tectonic belt,has high temperature and thermal evolution degree of the ancient fluid.The thermal evolution degree,rock-forming temperature and the ancient fluid pressure increase gradually from the basin northwards the Chengkou fracture,suggesting that with strengthening of the tectonic activity,fluids in the structural belt are more active and lasts longer,resulting in that depth and temperature of fluid vary greatly.The liquid in the structural belt was overall formed in a closed system.The deep hydrocarbon fluid driven by the main tectonic stress migrated along fractures up to the shallow part of the basin,and then mixed with the shallow formation fluid.However,some secondary fractures have the limited impact on fluid sealing because their forming time and insufficient depth can not reach the lower Paleozoic hydrocarbon source rock.
引文
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