Peripheral nerve regeneration and intraneural revascularization
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摘要
Peripheral nerves are particularly vulnerable to injuries and are involved in numerous pathologies for which specific treatments are lacking. This review summarizes the pathophysiological features of the most common traumatic nerve injury in humans and the different animal models used in nerve regeneration studies. The current knowledge concerning Wallerian degeneration and nerve regrowth is then described. Finally, the involvement of intraneural vascularization in these processes is addressed. As intraneural vascularization has been poorly studied, histological experiments were carried out from rat sciatic nerves damaged by a glycerol injection. The results, taken together with the data from literature, suggest that revascularization plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration and must therefore be studied more carefully.
Peripheral nerves are particularly vulnerable to injuries and are involved in numerous pathologies for which specific treatments are lacking. This review summarizes the pathophysiological features of the most common traumatic nerve injury in humans and the different animal models used in nerve regeneration studies. The current knowledge concerning Wallerian degeneration and nerve regrowth is then described. Finally, the involvement of intraneural vascularization in these processes is addressed. As intraneural vascularization has been poorly studied, histological experiments were carried out from rat sciatic nerves damaged by a glycerol injection. The results, taken together with the data from literature, suggest that revascularization plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration and must therefore be studied more carefully.
Peripheral nerves are particularly vulnerable to injuries and are involved in numerous pathologies for which specific treatments are lacking. This review summarizes the pathophysiological features of the most common traumatic nerve injury in humans and the different animal models used in nerve regeneration studies. The current knowledge concerning Wallerian degeneration and nerve regrowth is then described. Finally, the involvement of intraneural vascularization in these processes is addressed. As intraneural vascularization has been poorly studied, histological experiments were carried out from rat sciatic nerves damaged by a glycerol injection. The results, taken together with the data from literature, suggest that revascularization plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration and must therefore be studied more carefully.
引文
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Caillaud M,Chantemargue B,Richard L,Vignaud L,Favreau F,Faye PA,Vignoles P,Sturtz F,Trouillas P,Vallat JM,Desmoulière A1,Billet F(2018)Local low dose curcumin treatment improves functional recovery and remyelination in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush through inhibition of oxidative stress.Neuropharmacology 139:98-116.
Castets M,Mehlen P(2010)Netrin-1 role in angiogenesis:to be or not to be a pro-angiogenic factor?Cell Cycle 9:1466-1471.
Cattin AL,Burden JJ,Van Emmenis L,Mackenzie FE,Hoving JJ,Garcia Calavia N,Guo Y,McLaughlin M,Rosenberg LH,Quereda V,Jamecna D,Napoli I,Parrinello S,Enver T,Ruhrberg C,Lloyd AC(2015)Macrophage-induced blood vessels guide Schwann cell-mediated regeneration of peripheral nerves.Cell 162:1127-1139.
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Denny-Brown D,Brenner C(1944a)Paralysis of nerve induced by direct pressure and by tourniquet.Arch Neurol Psychiatry 51:1-26.
Denny-Brown D,Brenner C(1944b)Lesion in peripheral nerve resulting from compression by spring clip.Arch Neurol Psychiatry 52:1-19.
Doneddu PE,Coraci D,Loreti C,Piccinini G,Padua L(2017)Tarsal tunnel syndrome:still more opinions than evidence.Status of the art.Neurol Sci38:1735-1739.
Driscoll PJ,Glasby MA,Lawson GM(2002)An in vivo study of peripheral nerves in continuity:biomechanical and physiological responses to elongation.J Orthop Res 20:370-375.
Eichmann A,Brunet I(2014)Arterial innervation in development and disease.Sci Transl Med 6:252ps9.
Elfar JC,Jacobson JA,Puzas JE,Rosier RN,Zuscik MJ(2008)Erythropoietin accelerates functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.J Bone Joint Surg Am 90:1644-1653.
Félix SP,Pereira Lopes FR,Marques SA,Martinez AM(2013)Comparison between suture and fibrin glue on repair by direct coaptation or tubulization of injured mouse sciatic nerve.Microsurgery 33:468-477.
Ferretti A,Boschi E,Stefani A,Spiga S,Romanelli M,Lemmi M,Giovannetti A,Longoni B,Mosca F(2003)Angiogenesis and nerve regeneration in a model of human skin equivalent transplant.Life Sci 73:1985-1994.
Fowler TJ,Danta G,Gilliatt RW(1972)Recovery of nerve conduction after a pneumatic tourniquet:observations on the hind-limb of the baboon1.JNeurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 35:638-647.
Fu SY,Gordon T(1997)The cellular and molecular basis of peripheral nerve regeneration.Mol Neurobiol 14:67-116.
Geraldo S,Gordon-Weeks PR(2009)Cytoskeletal dynamics in growthcone steering.J Cell Sci 122:3595-3604.
Geuna S,Raimondo S,Ronchi G,Di Scipio F,Tos P,Czaja K,Fornaro M(2009)Chapter 3:Histology of the peripheral nerve and changes occurring during nerve regeneration.Int Rev Neurobiol 87:27-46.
Goedee HS,Brekelmans GJF,van Asseldonk JTH,Beekman R,Mess WH,Visser LH(2013)High resolution sonography in the evaluation of the peripheral nervous system in polyneuropathy--a review of the literature.Eur J Neurol 20:1342-1351.
Goodman CS(1996)Mechanisms and molecules that control growth cone guidance.Annu Rev Neurosci 19:341-377.
Gordon T,Borschel GH(2017)The use of the rat as a model for studying peripheral nerve regeneration and sprouting after complete and partial nerve injuries.Exp Neurol 287:331-347.
Haastert-Talini K,Geuna S,Dahlin LB,Meyer C,Stenberg L,Freier T,Heimann C,Barwig C,Pinto LF,Raimondo S,Gambarotta G,Samy SR,Sousa N,Salgado AJ,Ratzka A,Wrobel S,Grothe C(2013)Chitosan tubes of varying degrees of acetylation for bridging peripheral nerve defects.Biomaterials 34:9886-9904.
Hall SM,Gregson NA(1971)The in vivo and ultrastructural effects of injection of lysophosphatidyl choline into myelinated peripheral nerve fibres of the adult mouse.J Cell Sci 9:769-789.
Hillenbrand M,Holzbach T,Matiasek K,Schlegel J,Giunta RE(2015)Vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy improves nerve regeneration in a model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy.Neurol Res 37:197-203.
Ide C(1996)Peripheral nerve regeneration.Neurosci Res 25:101-121.
James JM,Mukouyama Y(2011)Neuronal action on the developing blood vessel pattern.Semin Cell Dev Biol 22:1019-1027.
Jiménez CR,Stam FJ,Li KW,Gouwenberg Y,Hornshaw MP,De Winter F,Verhaagen J,Smit AB(2005)Proteomics of the injured rat sciatic nerve reveals protein expression dynamics during regeneration.Mol Cell Proteomics 4:120-132.
Johansson F,Dahlin LB(2014)The multiple silicone tube device,“tubes within a tube,”for multiplication in nerve reconstruction.Biomed Res Int 2014:689127.
Karsidag S,Akcal A,Sahin S,Karsidag S,Kabukcuoglu F,Ugurlu K(2012)Neurophysiological and morphological responses to treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine in a sciatic nerve injury model:preliminary data.J Hand Surg Eur Vol 37:529-536.
Kennett RP,Gilliatt RW(1991)Nerve conduction studies in experimental non-freezing cold injury:II.Generalized nerve cooling by limb immersion.Muscle Nerve 14:960-967.
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