深水SCR触地区管-土相互作用试验研究进展
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摘要
与海床的相互作用是钢悬链线立管特有的性质,是传统立管发展中不曾遇到的问题,也是控制立管疲劳寿命的主要因素,特别是触地区出现的峰值弯曲应力和管土接触模型的不确定,成为SCR触地区研究的难点。由于立管与海床的作用机理非常复杂,因此管土相互作用模型的提出大多是建立在模型试验的基础上。通过对国内外深水SCR触地区管土相互作用试验研究案例的分析,简要介绍了SCR触地点的动态响应取决于一系列参数,如海床土刚度、加载状况、立管的提升速度、土的重塑时间和土吸力等,并设计了一套三维管-土相互作用的试验装置,能够为深水钢悬链线立管触地区管-土相互作用的试验研究提供参考。
The interaction of SCR with seafloor is the nature of SCR's own compared with others. The fatigue life of a steel catenary riser( SCR) near its touch-down zone( TDZ) is substantially affected by its interaction with seabed. The touchdown zone attracts the worst bending stresses and is subject to the greatest uncertainties,such as those arising from the riser-seabed contact. Because the mechanism for the pipe /soil interaction is very complex,the model of the pipe /soil interaction is mostly proposed on the basis of model tests. In this paper,some experimental cases are outlined to show the pipe /soil interaction of deepwater SCR in China and foreign countries,and it is briefly introduced that the dynamic response of SCR at TDZ depends on a series of parameters,such as seabed soil stiffness,condition of load,pull up velocity,length of consolidation time and soil suction. Finally,the proposed viewpoint provides a reference approach for the experimental research on the interaction of deepwater SCR with seabed.
The interaction of SCR with seafloor is the nature of SCR's own compared with others. The fatigue life of a steel catenary riser( SCR) near its touch-down zone( TDZ) is substantially affected by its interaction with seabed. The touchdown zone attracts the worst bending stresses and is subject to the greatest uncertainties,such as those arising from the riser-seabed contact. Because the mechanism for the pipe /soil interaction is very complex,the model of the pipe /soil interaction is mostly proposed on the basis of model tests. In this paper,some experimental cases are outlined to show the pipe /soil interaction of deepwater SCR in China and foreign countries,and it is briefly introduced that the dynamic response of SCR at TDZ depends on a series of parameters,such as seabed soil stiffness,condition of load,pull up velocity,length of consolidation time and soil suction. Finally,the proposed viewpoint provides a reference approach for the experimental research on the interaction of deepwater SCR with seabed.
引文
[1]Egil Giertsen,Richard Verley,Knut Schroder.CARISIMA a catenary riser/soil interaction model for global riser analysis[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Vancouver,Canada:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2004:633-640.
[2]Stephen A Hatton,Neil Willis.Steel catenary riser for deepwater enviroment[C]//Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,USA:OTC8607,1998.
[3]Willis N R T,West P T J.Interaction between deepwater catenary risers and a soft seabed:large scale sea trials[C]//Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,USA:OTC13113,2002.
[4]Ricky Theti.Soil interaction effects on simple catenary riser response[C]//Deepwater Pipeline&Riser Technology Conference.Houston,Texas:2001.
[5]Bridge C,Howells H,Toy N,et al.Full scale model tests of a steel catenary riser[C]//Proc.Int.Conf.on Fluid Structure Interaction.Cadiz,Spain:2003:107-116.
[6]Bridge C,Laver K,Clukey E,et al.Steel catenary riser touchdown point vertical interaction model[C]//Proc.Conf.on Offshore Technology.Houston,Texas:2004.
[7]Clukey E,Houstermans L,Dyvik R.Model tests to simulate riser-soil interaction effects in touchdown point region[C]//International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geochnics.2005:651-658.
[8]Dunlap WA,Bhohanala RP.Burial of vertically loaded offshore pipelines[C]//Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,USA:1990.
[9]Aubeny CP,Biscontin G,Zhang J.Seafloor-riser interaction model[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Constitutive Modelling-Development,Implementation,Evaluation and Application.Hong Kong,China:2007.
[10]H L E Hu,C F Leung,Y K Chow,et al.Centrifuge modelling of SCR vertical motion at touchdown zone[J].Ocean Engineering,2011,38(7):888-899.
[11]Bradley J Elliott,Arash Zakeri,Andrew Macneill,et al.Centrifuge modeling of steel catenary risers at touchdown zone partⅠ:development of novel centrifuge experimental apparatus[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,60(3):200-207.
[12]Bradley J Elliott,Arash Zakeri,Andrew Macneill,et al.Centrifuge modeling of steel catenary risers at touchdown zone part II:Assessment of centrifuge test results using kaolin clay[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,60(3):208-218.
[13]M S Hodder,B W Byrne.3D experiments investigating the interaction of a model SCR with seabed[J].Applied Ocean Research,2010(2):146-157.
[14]段梦兰,胡知辉,曹静,等.深水钢悬链线立管触地区疲劳实验系统设计[J].力学与实践,2011,33(3):15-19.(DUAN Meng-lan,HU Zhi-hui,CAO Jing,et al.The design of fatigue experimental system for steel catenary riser in touchdown zone[J].Mechanics In Engineering,2011,33(3):15-19.(in Chinese))
[15]李伟,段梦兰,曹静,等.深水钢悬链线立管触地区振动响应动力特性[C]//第十五届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会论文集.北京:海洋出版社,2012:56-61.(LI Wei,DUAN Meng-lan,CAO Jing,et al.Dynamic response of deepwater steel catenary riser at touchdown zone[C]//Proceedings of 15th Chinese Ocean&Offshore Engineering Symposium.Beijing:China Ocean Press,2012:56-61.(in Chinese))
[16]王懿.基于触地点管土相互作用的深水SCR安装力学模型研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.(WANG Yi.Research on mechanical model of deepwater SCR installation based on pipe-soil interaction in TDP[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese))
[17]武锐锋.SCR管土相互作用及触地区疲劳研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012.(WU Rui-feng.Analysis of pipe-soil interaction of SCR and fatigue of TDP[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiang Tong University,2012.(in Chinese))
[18]黄维平,孟庆飞,白兴兰.钢悬链式立管与海床相互作用模拟方法研究[J].工程力学,2013,30(2):14-18.(HUANG Wei-ping,MENG Qing-fei,BAI Xing-lan.The simulation of the interaction between SCR and seabed[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(2):14-18.(in Chinese))
[19]白兴兰,黄维平.考虑海床土吸力的SCR-Spar整体波浪响应分析[J].海洋工程,2010,28(2):58-64.(BAI Xing-lan,HUANG Wei-ping.Wave response analysis of SCR-Spar system considering soil suction[J].The Ocean Engineering,2010,28(2):58-64.(in Chinese))
[20]王小东,郭海燕,高秦岭,等.钢悬链线立管触地点区域管土相互作用的有限元分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(S):197-200.(WANG Xiao-dong,GUO Hai-yan,GAO Qin-ling,et al.Finite element analysis of interaction of steel catenary riser and soil at touchdown zone[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2010,40(S):197-200.(in Chinese))
[21]王坤鹏,薛鸿祥,唐文勇.基于海床吸力和刚度衰减模型的深海钢悬链线立管动力响应分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(4):585-589.(WANG Kun-peng,XUE Hong-xiang,TANG Wen-yong.Dynamic response analysis of deepwater steel catenary riser based on the seabed suction and stiffness degradation model[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2011,45(4):585-589.(in Chinese))
[22]白兴兰,黄维平.钢悬链线立管与Spar整体分析方法初探[J].工程力学,2009,26(12):161-166.(BAI Xing-lan,HUANG Wei-ping.Preliminary study on interaction analysis of deepwater SCR and Spar[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(12):161-166.(in Chinese))
[23]白兴兰,黄维平.深水钢悬链线立管非线性有限元静力分析[J].工程力学,2011,28(4):208-213.(BAI Xing-lan,HUANG Wei-ping.Static analysis of deepwater steel catenary riser using nonlinear finite element method[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(4):208-213.(in Chinese))
[24]白兴兰,黄维平.海底土刚度对钢悬链线立管触地点动力响应的影响分析[J].工程力学,2011,28(S1):211-216.(BAI Xing-lan,HUANG Wei-ping.Effect of seabed soil stiffness on dynamic response of a steel catenary at touchdown point[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(S1):211-216.(in Chinese))
[2]Stephen A Hatton,Neil Willis.Steel catenary riser for deepwater enviroment[C]//Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,USA:OTC8607,1998.
[3]Willis N R T,West P T J.Interaction between deepwater catenary risers and a soft seabed:large scale sea trials[C]//Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,USA:OTC13113,2002.
[4]Ricky Theti.Soil interaction effects on simple catenary riser response[C]//Deepwater Pipeline&Riser Technology Conference.Houston,Texas:2001.
[5]Bridge C,Howells H,Toy N,et al.Full scale model tests of a steel catenary riser[C]//Proc.Int.Conf.on Fluid Structure Interaction.Cadiz,Spain:2003:107-116.
[6]Bridge C,Laver K,Clukey E,et al.Steel catenary riser touchdown point vertical interaction model[C]//Proc.Conf.on Offshore Technology.Houston,Texas:2004.
[7]Clukey E,Houstermans L,Dyvik R.Model tests to simulate riser-soil interaction effects in touchdown point region[C]//International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geochnics.2005:651-658.
[8]Dunlap WA,Bhohanala RP.Burial of vertically loaded offshore pipelines[C]//Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,USA:1990.
[9]Aubeny CP,Biscontin G,Zhang J.Seafloor-riser interaction model[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Constitutive Modelling-Development,Implementation,Evaluation and Application.Hong Kong,China:2007.
[10]H L E Hu,C F Leung,Y K Chow,et al.Centrifuge modelling of SCR vertical motion at touchdown zone[J].Ocean Engineering,2011,38(7):888-899.
[11]Bradley J Elliott,Arash Zakeri,Andrew Macneill,et al.Centrifuge modeling of steel catenary risers at touchdown zone partⅠ:development of novel centrifuge experimental apparatus[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,60(3):200-207.
[12]Bradley J Elliott,Arash Zakeri,Andrew Macneill,et al.Centrifuge modeling of steel catenary risers at touchdown zone part II:Assessment of centrifuge test results using kaolin clay[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,60(3):208-218.
[13]M S Hodder,B W Byrne.3D experiments investigating the interaction of a model SCR with seabed[J].Applied Ocean Research,2010(2):146-157.
[14]段梦兰,胡知辉,曹静,等.深水钢悬链线立管触地区疲劳实验系统设计[J].力学与实践,2011,33(3):15-19.(DUAN Meng-lan,HU Zhi-hui,CAO Jing,et al.The design of fatigue experimental system for steel catenary riser in touchdown zone[J].Mechanics In Engineering,2011,33(3):15-19.(in Chinese))
[15]李伟,段梦兰,曹静,等.深水钢悬链线立管触地区振动响应动力特性[C]//第十五届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会论文集.北京:海洋出版社,2012:56-61.(LI Wei,DUAN Meng-lan,CAO Jing,et al.Dynamic response of deepwater steel catenary riser at touchdown zone[C]//Proceedings of 15th Chinese Ocean&Offshore Engineering Symposium.Beijing:China Ocean Press,2012:56-61.(in Chinese))
[16]王懿.基于触地点管土相互作用的深水SCR安装力学模型研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.(WANG Yi.Research on mechanical model of deepwater SCR installation based on pipe-soil interaction in TDP[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese))
[17]武锐锋.SCR管土相互作用及触地区疲劳研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012.(WU Rui-feng.Analysis of pipe-soil interaction of SCR and fatigue of TDP[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiang Tong University,2012.(in Chinese))
[18]黄维平,孟庆飞,白兴兰.钢悬链式立管与海床相互作用模拟方法研究[J].工程力学,2013,30(2):14-18.(HUANG Wei-ping,MENG Qing-fei,BAI Xing-lan.The simulation of the interaction between SCR and seabed[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(2):14-18.(in Chinese))
[19]白兴兰,黄维平.考虑海床土吸力的SCR-Spar整体波浪响应分析[J].海洋工程,2010,28(2):58-64.(BAI Xing-lan,HUANG Wei-ping.Wave response analysis of SCR-Spar system considering soil suction[J].The Ocean Engineering,2010,28(2):58-64.(in Chinese))
[20]王小东,郭海燕,高秦岭,等.钢悬链线立管触地点区域管土相互作用的有限元分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(S):197-200.(WANG Xiao-dong,GUO Hai-yan,GAO Qin-ling,et al.Finite element analysis of interaction of steel catenary riser and soil at touchdown zone[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2010,40(S):197-200.(in Chinese))
[21]王坤鹏,薛鸿祥,唐文勇.基于海床吸力和刚度衰减模型的深海钢悬链线立管动力响应分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(4):585-589.(WANG Kun-peng,XUE Hong-xiang,TANG Wen-yong.Dynamic response analysis of deepwater steel catenary riser based on the seabed suction and stiffness degradation model[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2011,45(4):585-589.(in Chinese))
[22]白兴兰,黄维平.钢悬链线立管与Spar整体分析方法初探[J].工程力学,2009,26(12):161-166.(BAI Xing-lan,HUANG Wei-ping.Preliminary study on interaction analysis of deepwater SCR and Spar[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(12):161-166.(in Chinese))
[23]白兴兰,黄维平.深水钢悬链线立管非线性有限元静力分析[J].工程力学,2011,28(4):208-213.(BAI Xing-lan,HUANG Wei-ping.Static analysis of deepwater steel catenary riser using nonlinear finite element method[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(4):208-213.(in Chinese))
[24]白兴兰,黄维平.海底土刚度对钢悬链线立管触地点动力响应的影响分析[J].工程力学,2011,28(S1):211-216.(BAI Xing-lan,HUANG Wei-ping.Effect of seabed soil stiffness on dynamic response of a steel catenary at touchdown point[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(S1):211-216.(in Chinese))