Risk Perception and Knowledge in Fire Risk Reduction in a Dong Minority Rural Village in China: A Health-EDRM Education Intervention Study
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摘要
Fire is one of the major disasters in rural communities but evidence of the effectiveness of education interventions against fire risks is limited. This was a 2-year study assessed the effectiveness of face-to-face Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(HealthEDRM) education interventions for raising fire risk reduction knowledge in a fire-prone rural ethnic minority community. The study was conducted in various pre-set time points of an intervention-based project in a Dongbased community in Nanjiang Village, Guizhou Province in 2015 and 2016 to increase knowledge among the villagers about how to reduce general-and electrical-fire risks. Pre-and post-intervention questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing fire risk-related knowledge through these interventions, immediately after the 2015 and 2016 interventions, and 17 months after the 2015 intervention. The knowledge of using fire blanket,recalling the correct emergency telephone number,unplugging unused electrical appliances, and not using water to extinguish electrical fires had immediately improved after the interventions. Subjects demonstrated a better understanding that fire blankets can fight a blaze if used appropriately, and that knowledge was sustained for 17 months. The interventions were effective in improving fire prevention and response knowledge. Targeted interventions should be organized according to communities' culture, the evolution of economic prosperity and lifestyle practices.
Fire is one of the major disasters in rural communities but evidence of the effectiveness of education interventions against fire risks is limited. This was a 2-year study assessed the effectiveness of face-to-face Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(HealthEDRM) education interventions for raising fire risk reduction knowledge in a fire-prone rural ethnic minority community. The study was conducted in various pre-set time points of an intervention-based project in a Dongbased community in Nanjiang Village, Guizhou Province in 2015 and 2016 to increase knowledge among the villagers about how to reduce general-and electrical-fire risks. Pre-and post-intervention questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing fire risk-related knowledge through these interventions, immediately after the 2015 and 2016 interventions, and 17 months after the 2015 intervention. The knowledge of using fire blanket,recalling the correct emergency telephone number,unplugging unused electrical appliances, and not using water to extinguish electrical fires had immediately improved after the interventions. Subjects demonstrated a better understanding that fire blankets can fight a blaze if used appropriately, and that knowledge was sustained for 17 months. The interventions were effective in improving fire prevention and response knowledge. Targeted interventions should be organized according to communities' culture, the evolution of economic prosperity and lifestyle practices.
Fire is one of the major disasters in rural communities but evidence of the effectiveness of education interventions against fire risks is limited. This was a 2-year study assessed the effectiveness of face-to-face Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(HealthEDRM) education interventions for raising fire risk reduction knowledge in a fire-prone rural ethnic minority community. The study was conducted in various pre-set time points of an intervention-based project in a Dongbased community in Nanjiang Village, Guizhou Province in 2015 and 2016 to increase knowledge among the villagers about how to reduce general-and electrical-fire risks. Pre-and post-intervention questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing fire risk-related knowledge through these interventions, immediately after the 2015 and 2016 interventions, and 17 months after the 2015 intervention. The knowledge of using fire blanket,recalling the correct emergency telephone number,unplugging unused electrical appliances, and not using water to extinguish electrical fires had immediately improved after the interventions. Subjects demonstrated a better understanding that fire blankets can fight a blaze if used appropriately, and that knowledge was sustained for 17 months. The interventions were effective in improving fire prevention and response knowledge. Targeted interventions should be organized according to communities' culture, the evolution of economic prosperity and lifestyle practices.
引文
Arshi,S.,H.Sadeghi-Bazargani,and R.Mohammadi.2012.Burn injury-specific home safety assessment:A cross-sectional study in Iran.PloS One 7(11):Article e49412.
Atiyeh,B.S.,M.Costagliola,and S.N.Hayek.2009.Burn prevention mechanisms and outcomes:Pitfalls,failures and successes.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries35(2):181-193.
CCOUC(Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response).2014.The ethnic minority health project:Needs assessment trip report for Nanjiang,Guizhou.Hong Kong:CCOUC.
CCOUC(Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response).2016.The ethnic minority health project:Trip report for Nanjiang,Guizhou.Hong Kong:CCOUC.
Chan,E.Y.Y.,and V.Murray.2017.What are the health research needs for the Sendai Framework?The Lancet 390(10106):e35-e36.
Chan,E.Y.Y.,and C.S.Wong.2016.Training manual on health and disaster preparedness in rural China.http://ccouc.org/_asset/file/public-health-manual-eng-small.pdf.Accessed March 2018.
Chan,E.Y.Y.,C.Guo,P.Y.Lee,S.Liu,and C.K.M.Mark.2017.Health emergency and disaster risk management(HealthEDRM)in remote ethnic minority areas of rural China:The case of a flood-prone village in Sichuan.International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 8(2):156-163.
Chan,E.Y.Y.,J.H.Kim,C.Lin,E.Y.L.Cheung,and P.Y.Lee.2014.Is previous disaster experience a good predictor for disaster preparedness in extreme poverty households in remote muslim minority based community in China?Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16(3):466-472.
Chen,W.,and C.Luan.2011.Study on disaster prevention and mitigation in new countryside construction.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science 39(7):4099-4111(in Chinese).
Du,F.,and K.Okazaki.2016.Building improvement responses to multi-hazard risk in the historic Dali Dong Village,Guizhou,China.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 19(Supplement C):64-74.
Du,F.,H.Kobayashi,K.Okazaki,and C.Ochiai.2016a.Research on the disaster coping capability of a historical village in a mountainous area of China:Case study in Shangli,Sichuan.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 218(Supplement C):118-130.
Du,F.,K.Okazaki,and C.Ochiai.2016b.Disaster coping capacity of a fire-prone historical Dong Village in China:A case study in Dali Village,Guizhou.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 21:85-98.
Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security.2017.Guidelines for household fire safety.http://119.china.com.cn/txt/2017-09/19/content_40021390.html.Accessed March 2018(in Chinese).
Fu,A.-H.2011.Research on fire disasters and firefighting traditions in the Dong area of Qiandongnan.Journal of Original Ecological National Culture 3(2):72-78(in Chinese).
Gan,G.2010.The firepit culture of the Dong people.Journal of Liuzhou Teachers College 25(3):22-25(in Chinese).
Gotham,K.F.,R.Campanella,K.Lauve-Moon,and B.Powers.2018.Hazard experience,geophysical vulnerability,and flood risk perceptions in a postdisaster city,the case of New Orleans.Risk Analysis 38(2):345-356.
Guo,J.,and D.Wu.2015.The vulnerability of fire prevention systems in Dong villages:The case of the Dong villages in southeast Guizhou.Guangxi Ethnic Studies 5:74-81(in Chinese).
Gyedu,A.,B.Stewart,C.Mock,E.Otupiri,E.Nakua,P.Donkor,and B.E.Ebel.2016.Prevalence of preventable household risk factors for childhood burn injury in semi-urban Ghana:Apopulation-based survey.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 42(3):633-638.
Hajito,K.W.,H.A.Gesesew,N.B.Bayu,and Y.E.Tsehay.2015.Community awareness and perception on hazards in southwest Ethiopia:A cross-sectional study.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 13:350-357.
Higgins,E.,M.Taylor,M.Jones,and P.J.G.Lisboa.2013.Understanding community fire risk-a spatial model for targeting fire prevention activities.Fire Safety Journal 62(Part A):20-29.
Jetten,P.,S.Chamania,and M.van Tulder.2011.Evaluation of a community-based prevention program for domestic burns of young children in India.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 37(1):139-144.
Li,J.2014.Analysis of fire disaster and fire safety management in rural areas.Fire Science and Technology 33(3):343-345(in Chinese).
Liao,J.2012.The ecological anthropology thinking of fires of Dong nationality village and fire protection.Journal of Jishou University(Social Science Edition)33(6):110-116(in Chinese).
Liao,J.2013.On the indigenous prevention of fire disasters in Dong villages.Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology(Social Science Edition)16(2):38-41(in Chinese).
Liu,Y,Y.Chen,J.Chen,X.Xu,and X.Liu.2012.Characteristics of paediatric burns in Sichuan Province:Epidemiology and prevention.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 38(1):26-31.
Mashreky,S.R.,A.Rahman,S.M.Chowdhury,S.Giashuddin,L.SvanstrOm,M.Linnan,S.Shafinaz,I.J.Uhaa,and F.Rahman.2008.Epidemiology of childhood burn:Yield of largest community based injury survey in Bangladesh.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 34(6):856-862.
Mashreky,S.R.,A.Rahman,T.F.Khan,L.Svanstrm,and F.Rahman.2010.Determinants of childhood burns in rural Bangladesh:A nested case-control study.Health Policy 96(3):226-230.
Mashreky,S.R.,A.Rahman,L.Svanstrm,M.J.Linnan,S.Shafinaz,and F.Rahman.2011.Experience from community based childhood burn prevention programme in Bangladesh:Implication for low resource setting.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 37(5):770-775.
Parbhoo,A.,Q.A.Louw,and K.Grimmer-Somers.2010.Burn prevention programs for children in developing countries require urgent attention:A targeted literature review.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 36(2):164-175.
Patil,S.B.,N.A.Khare,S.Jaiswal,A.Jain,A.Chitranshi,and M.Math.2010.Changing patterns in electrical burn injuries in a developing country:Should prevention programs focus on the rural population?Journal of Burn Care&Research 31(6):931-934.
Peck,M.D.2011.Epidemiology of burns throughout the world.Part I:Distribution and risk factors.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 37(7):1087-1100.
Pinto,D.S.2017.Environmental and weapon-related electrical injuries-UpToDate.UpToDate.2 October 2017.https://www.uptodate.com/contents/environmental-and-weapon-related-elec trical-injuries?search=electrical%20burn&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1*150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1.Accessed March 2018.
Runde,D.P.2018.Electrical injuries.https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/electrical-and-lightning-injuries/electrical-injuries.Accessed March 2018.
Rybarczyk,M.M.,J.M.Schafer,C.M.Elm,S.Sarvepalli,P.A.Vaswani,K.S.Balhara,L.C.Carlson,and G.A.Jacquet.2016.Prevention of burn injuries in low-and middle-income countries:A systematic review.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 42(6):1183-1192.
Rybarczyk,M.M.,J.M.Schafer,C.M.Elm,S.Sarvepalli,P.A.Vaswani,K.S.Balhara,L.C.Carlson,and G.A.Jacquet.2017.Asystematic review of burn injuries in low-and middle-income countries:Epidemiology in the WHO-Defined African Region.African Journal of Emergency Medicine 7(1):30-37.
SBOG(Statistical Bureau of Guizhou).2015.Guizhou statistical yearbook 2015.http://www.gz.stats.gov.cn/tjsj_35719/sjcx_35720/gztjnj_40112/2015n/index_22.html.Accessed March2018(in Chinese).
SBOG(Statistical Bureau of Guizhou).2017.Guizhou statistical yearbook 2017.http://www.gzstjj.gov.cn/tjsj_35719/sjcx_35720/gztjnj_40112/2017/201712/t20171205_3077501.html.Accessed March 2018(in Chinese).
Scheven,D.,P.Barker,and J.Govindasamy.2012.Burns in rural Kwa-Zulu Natal:Epidemiology and the need for community health education.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 38(8):1224-1230.
Sim,T.,L.Dominelli,and J.Lau.2017.A pathway to initiate bottomup community-based disaster risk reduction within a top-down system:The case of China.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 7(3):283-293.
Smolle,C.,J.Cambiaso-Daniel,A.A.Forbes,P.Wurzer,G.Hundeshagen,L.K.Branski,F.Huss,and L.Kamolz.2017.Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide:A systematic review.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 43(2):249-257.
Stumpf,K.,D.Knuth,D.Kietzmann,and S.Schmidt.2017.Adoption of fire prevention measures-predictors in a representative German sample.Safety Science 94:94-102.
Tong,H.2011.Study on the countermeasures of Diaojiaolou fire protection in Guizhou.Journal of Guiyang College:Natural Science 6(3):39-41(in Chinese).
Wei,D.2013.Establishment of a modern firefighting knowledge system in Dong ethnic villages.Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)35(6):103-107(in Chinese).
WHO(World Health Organization).2018.Injuries and disability:Priorities and management for populations affected by the earthquake and tsunami in Asia.http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/other_injury/tsunami/en/.Accessed 27 Feb2018.
World Bank.2015.Global poverty line update.http://www.world bank.org/.Accessed 20 Aug 2018.
Xia,F.,and W.Tang.2009.An analysis of the Dong people’s architecture and its cultural connotation.Journal of Guangxi Arts College(Arts Exploration)23(2):81-82(in Chinese).
Xu,X.2016.Dong custom law on fire protection in the border area of Guizhou and Guangxi.Journal of Original Ecological National Culture 8(1):76-81(in Chinese).
Yang,J.,C.Peek-Asa,V.Allareddy,C.Zwerling,and J.Lundell.2006.Perceived risk of home fire and escape plans in rural households.American Journal of Preventive Medicine 30(1):7-12.
Yang,Z.,and Q.Wu.2012.The fire protection system of wooden buildings in Dong villages:A case study of Dong villages in Qiandongnan.Journal of Kaili University 30(5):39-42(in Chinese).
Zhou,B.,X.Zhou,L.Ouyang,X.Huang,P.Zhang,M.Zhang,L.Ren,and P.Liang.2014.An epidemiological analysis of paediatric burns in urban and rural areas in South Central China.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 40(1):150-156.
Atiyeh,B.S.,M.Costagliola,and S.N.Hayek.2009.Burn prevention mechanisms and outcomes:Pitfalls,failures and successes.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries35(2):181-193.
CCOUC(Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response).2014.The ethnic minority health project:Needs assessment trip report for Nanjiang,Guizhou.Hong Kong:CCOUC.
CCOUC(Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response).2016.The ethnic minority health project:Trip report for Nanjiang,Guizhou.Hong Kong:CCOUC.
Chan,E.Y.Y.,and V.Murray.2017.What are the health research needs for the Sendai Framework?The Lancet 390(10106):e35-e36.
Chan,E.Y.Y.,and C.S.Wong.2016.Training manual on health and disaster preparedness in rural China.http://ccouc.org/_asset/file/public-health-manual-eng-small.pdf.Accessed March 2018.
Chan,E.Y.Y.,C.Guo,P.Y.Lee,S.Liu,and C.K.M.Mark.2017.Health emergency and disaster risk management(HealthEDRM)in remote ethnic minority areas of rural China:The case of a flood-prone village in Sichuan.International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 8(2):156-163.
Chan,E.Y.Y.,J.H.Kim,C.Lin,E.Y.L.Cheung,and P.Y.Lee.2014.Is previous disaster experience a good predictor for disaster preparedness in extreme poverty households in remote muslim minority based community in China?Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16(3):466-472.
Chen,W.,and C.Luan.2011.Study on disaster prevention and mitigation in new countryside construction.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science 39(7):4099-4111(in Chinese).
Du,F.,and K.Okazaki.2016.Building improvement responses to multi-hazard risk in the historic Dali Dong Village,Guizhou,China.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 19(Supplement C):64-74.
Du,F.,H.Kobayashi,K.Okazaki,and C.Ochiai.2016a.Research on the disaster coping capability of a historical village in a mountainous area of China:Case study in Shangli,Sichuan.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 218(Supplement C):118-130.
Du,F.,K.Okazaki,and C.Ochiai.2016b.Disaster coping capacity of a fire-prone historical Dong Village in China:A case study in Dali Village,Guizhou.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 21:85-98.
Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security.2017.Guidelines for household fire safety.http://119.china.com.cn/txt/2017-09/19/content_40021390.html.Accessed March 2018(in Chinese).
Fu,A.-H.2011.Research on fire disasters and firefighting traditions in the Dong area of Qiandongnan.Journal of Original Ecological National Culture 3(2):72-78(in Chinese).
Gan,G.2010.The firepit culture of the Dong people.Journal of Liuzhou Teachers College 25(3):22-25(in Chinese).
Gotham,K.F.,R.Campanella,K.Lauve-Moon,and B.Powers.2018.Hazard experience,geophysical vulnerability,and flood risk perceptions in a postdisaster city,the case of New Orleans.Risk Analysis 38(2):345-356.
Guo,J.,and D.Wu.2015.The vulnerability of fire prevention systems in Dong villages:The case of the Dong villages in southeast Guizhou.Guangxi Ethnic Studies 5:74-81(in Chinese).
Gyedu,A.,B.Stewart,C.Mock,E.Otupiri,E.Nakua,P.Donkor,and B.E.Ebel.2016.Prevalence of preventable household risk factors for childhood burn injury in semi-urban Ghana:Apopulation-based survey.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 42(3):633-638.
Hajito,K.W.,H.A.Gesesew,N.B.Bayu,and Y.E.Tsehay.2015.Community awareness and perception on hazards in southwest Ethiopia:A cross-sectional study.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 13:350-357.
Higgins,E.,M.Taylor,M.Jones,and P.J.G.Lisboa.2013.Understanding community fire risk-a spatial model for targeting fire prevention activities.Fire Safety Journal 62(Part A):20-29.
Jetten,P.,S.Chamania,and M.van Tulder.2011.Evaluation of a community-based prevention program for domestic burns of young children in India.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 37(1):139-144.
Li,J.2014.Analysis of fire disaster and fire safety management in rural areas.Fire Science and Technology 33(3):343-345(in Chinese).
Liao,J.2012.The ecological anthropology thinking of fires of Dong nationality village and fire protection.Journal of Jishou University(Social Science Edition)33(6):110-116(in Chinese).
Liao,J.2013.On the indigenous prevention of fire disasters in Dong villages.Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology(Social Science Edition)16(2):38-41(in Chinese).
Liu,Y,Y.Chen,J.Chen,X.Xu,and X.Liu.2012.Characteristics of paediatric burns in Sichuan Province:Epidemiology and prevention.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 38(1):26-31.
Mashreky,S.R.,A.Rahman,S.M.Chowdhury,S.Giashuddin,L.SvanstrOm,M.Linnan,S.Shafinaz,I.J.Uhaa,and F.Rahman.2008.Epidemiology of childhood burn:Yield of largest community based injury survey in Bangladesh.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 34(6):856-862.
Mashreky,S.R.,A.Rahman,T.F.Khan,L.Svanstrm,and F.Rahman.2010.Determinants of childhood burns in rural Bangladesh:A nested case-control study.Health Policy 96(3):226-230.
Mashreky,S.R.,A.Rahman,L.Svanstrm,M.J.Linnan,S.Shafinaz,and F.Rahman.2011.Experience from community based childhood burn prevention programme in Bangladesh:Implication for low resource setting.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 37(5):770-775.
Parbhoo,A.,Q.A.Louw,and K.Grimmer-Somers.2010.Burn prevention programs for children in developing countries require urgent attention:A targeted literature review.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 36(2):164-175.
Patil,S.B.,N.A.Khare,S.Jaiswal,A.Jain,A.Chitranshi,and M.Math.2010.Changing patterns in electrical burn injuries in a developing country:Should prevention programs focus on the rural population?Journal of Burn Care&Research 31(6):931-934.
Peck,M.D.2011.Epidemiology of burns throughout the world.Part I:Distribution and risk factors.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 37(7):1087-1100.
Pinto,D.S.2017.Environmental and weapon-related electrical injuries-UpToDate.UpToDate.2 October 2017.https://www.uptodate.com/contents/environmental-and-weapon-related-elec trical-injuries?search=electrical%20burn&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1*150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1.Accessed March 2018.
Runde,D.P.2018.Electrical injuries.https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/electrical-and-lightning-injuries/electrical-injuries.Accessed March 2018.
Rybarczyk,M.M.,J.M.Schafer,C.M.Elm,S.Sarvepalli,P.A.Vaswani,K.S.Balhara,L.C.Carlson,and G.A.Jacquet.2016.Prevention of burn injuries in low-and middle-income countries:A systematic review.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 42(6):1183-1192.
Rybarczyk,M.M.,J.M.Schafer,C.M.Elm,S.Sarvepalli,P.A.Vaswani,K.S.Balhara,L.C.Carlson,and G.A.Jacquet.2017.Asystematic review of burn injuries in low-and middle-income countries:Epidemiology in the WHO-Defined African Region.African Journal of Emergency Medicine 7(1):30-37.
SBOG(Statistical Bureau of Guizhou).2015.Guizhou statistical yearbook 2015.http://www.gz.stats.gov.cn/tjsj_35719/sjcx_35720/gztjnj_40112/2015n/index_22.html.Accessed March2018(in Chinese).
SBOG(Statistical Bureau of Guizhou).2017.Guizhou statistical yearbook 2017.http://www.gzstjj.gov.cn/tjsj_35719/sjcx_35720/gztjnj_40112/2017/201712/t20171205_3077501.html.Accessed March 2018(in Chinese).
Scheven,D.,P.Barker,and J.Govindasamy.2012.Burns in rural Kwa-Zulu Natal:Epidemiology and the need for community health education.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 38(8):1224-1230.
Sim,T.,L.Dominelli,and J.Lau.2017.A pathway to initiate bottomup community-based disaster risk reduction within a top-down system:The case of China.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 7(3):283-293.
Smolle,C.,J.Cambiaso-Daniel,A.A.Forbes,P.Wurzer,G.Hundeshagen,L.K.Branski,F.Huss,and L.Kamolz.2017.Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide:A systematic review.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 43(2):249-257.
Stumpf,K.,D.Knuth,D.Kietzmann,and S.Schmidt.2017.Adoption of fire prevention measures-predictors in a representative German sample.Safety Science 94:94-102.
Tong,H.2011.Study on the countermeasures of Diaojiaolou fire protection in Guizhou.Journal of Guiyang College:Natural Science 6(3):39-41(in Chinese).
Wei,D.2013.Establishment of a modern firefighting knowledge system in Dong ethnic villages.Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)35(6):103-107(in Chinese).
WHO(World Health Organization).2018.Injuries and disability:Priorities and management for populations affected by the earthquake and tsunami in Asia.http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/other_injury/tsunami/en/.Accessed 27 Feb2018.
World Bank.2015.Global poverty line update.http://www.world bank.org/.Accessed 20 Aug 2018.
Xia,F.,and W.Tang.2009.An analysis of the Dong people’s architecture and its cultural connotation.Journal of Guangxi Arts College(Arts Exploration)23(2):81-82(in Chinese).
Xu,X.2016.Dong custom law on fire protection in the border area of Guizhou and Guangxi.Journal of Original Ecological National Culture 8(1):76-81(in Chinese).
Yang,J.,C.Peek-Asa,V.Allareddy,C.Zwerling,and J.Lundell.2006.Perceived risk of home fire and escape plans in rural households.American Journal of Preventive Medicine 30(1):7-12.
Yang,Z.,and Q.Wu.2012.The fire protection system of wooden buildings in Dong villages:A case study of Dong villages in Qiandongnan.Journal of Kaili University 30(5):39-42(in Chinese).
Zhou,B.,X.Zhou,L.Ouyang,X.Huang,P.Zhang,M.Zhang,L.Ren,and P.Liang.2014.An epidemiological analysis of paediatric burns in urban and rural areas in South Central China.Burns:Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 40(1):150-156.