过瘤胃脂肪对体外瘤胃发酵的影响
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摘要
本试验采用3×4两因素设计,在饲粮中分别设置低、中、高三个蛋白质水平和0、3%、6%和9%的过瘤胃脂肪含量,共形成12组饲粮。蛋白质水平/过瘤胃脂肪分别为:低/0(1组)、低/3%(2组)、低/6%(3组)、低/9%(4组)、中/0(5组)、中/3%(6组)、中/6%(7组)、中/9%(8组)、高/0(9组)、高/3%(10组)、高/6%(11组)、高/9%(12组)。通过双外流连续培养系统,模拟人工瘤胃,对12组饲粮进行消化降解,测定过瘤胃脂肪对体外瘤胃发酵的影响。试验结果如下:不同蛋白质和过瘤胃脂肪水平对瘤胃pH无影响;第12组的瘤胃氨态氮浓度极显著高于1、2、3、4和9组(P<0.01),显著高于5、6、7和10组(P<0.05),8和11组显著高于1、2、3、4和9组(P<0.05);11组的乙酸浓度极显著高于1、6、7、8和9组(P<0.01),显著高于2和5组(P<0.05),3、4、10和12组显著高于1、6、7、8和9组(P<0.05);12组的丙酸浓度极显著高于6组(P<0.01),显著高于5和7组(P<0.05);2、3、10、11和12组总酸浓度极显著高于6和7组(P<0.01),显著高于5和9组(P<0.05),1、4、8组总酸浓度显著高于6和7组(P<0.05);11组乙酸/丙酸值极显著高于1、2、8和12组(P<0.01),显著高于4、6、7和9组(P<0.05),3、5和10组乙酸/丙酸值显著高于1、2、8和12组(P<0.05)。由上述结果得出,过瘤胃脂肪最佳添加量为中蛋白质水平下的6%。
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rumen protected fat on rumen fermentation in vitro.Dual-flow continuous culture system was used at a completely randimized design employing in a 3×4 factorial arrangement of treatment.The experimental diet were formulated with 85%,100%and 115%crude protein levels(abbreviated as L,M and H)and 0,3%,6%and 9%rumen protected fat level,respectively,therefor formed 12 diets in all.The results showed as follows:(1)The diet protein and rumen protected fat had no significant effect on rumen pH,however,diet protein levels had significant effect on concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen(P<0.05)(2)The diet protein levels had very significant effect on concentration of propionic acid(P<0.01)and significan effect on concentration of acetic,butyric acid and ratio of acetic/propionic(P<0.05)respectively.These results indicated that the diet protein levels has significant effect on rumen fermentation,the optimum rumen protected fat supplemental levels under the standard protein condition was 6%.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rumen protected fat on rumen fermentation in vitro.Dual-flow continuous culture system was used at a completely randimized design employing in a 3×4 factorial arrangement of treatment.The experimental diet were formulated with 85%,100%and 115%crude protein levels(abbreviated as L,M and H)and 0,3%,6%and 9%rumen protected fat level,respectively,therefor formed 12 diets in all.The results showed as follows:(1)The diet protein and rumen protected fat had no significant effect on rumen pH,however,diet protein levels had significant effect on concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen(P<0.05)(2)The diet protein levels had very significant effect on concentration of propionic acid(P<0.01)and significan effect on concentration of acetic,butyric acid and ratio of acetic/propionic(P<0.05)respectively.These results indicated that the diet protein levels has significant effect on rumen fermentation,the optimum rumen protected fat supplemental levels under the standard protein condition was 6%.
引文
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[14]冀一伦.实用养牛科学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:153-156.
[15]韩正康.家畜营养生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1991:15-110.
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[2]Piperova L S,Teter B B,Bruckental I,et al.Mammary lipogenic enzyme activity,trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are related in lactating dairy cows fed a milk fat-depressing diet[J].Journal of Nutrition,2000,130(10):2568-2574.
[3]Piperova L S,Sampugna J,Teter B B.Duodenal and milk trans octadecenoic acid and conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)isomers indicate postabsorptive synthesis is the predominant source of cis9-containing CLA in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Nutrition,2002,132(6):1235-1241.
[4]Barahona M,Olleta J L,Sa?udo C,et al.Effects of whole linseed and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid enriched diets on beef quality[J].Animal,2016,4(10):709-717.
[5]Aace K,Balcaen A,Claeys E.Effect of duration of feeding diet rich in n-3 PUFA to Belgian Blue double-muscled young bulls on the incorporation of long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA in the phospholipids and triglycerides of the longissimus thoracis[J].Proceeding of the 48th ICOMST,2002,(Ⅱ):724-725.
[6]张春梅.植物油及十八碳不饱和脂肪酸对瘤胃甲烷生成及微生态的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[7]杨舒黎,王加启,胡志勇,等.日粮添加豆油和胡麻油对肉牛瘤胃发酵和主要微生物数量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(10):2316-2322.
[8]孙志伟,单安山,李文博.日粮中添加棕榈油、玉米油对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国奶牛,2010,192(12):12-15.
[9]周立新,黄凤洪,严兴初,等.α-亚麻酸和γ亚麻酸[J].西部粮油科技,2000,25(6):46-48.
[10]李高阳,丁霄霖.亚麻籽油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析[J].食品与机械,2005,21(9):30-33.
[11]李秉超,明霞,陈晓波.有机化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:195-200.
[12]冯仰廉.肉牛营养需要和饲养标准[M].第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2000:23.
[13]王加启,于建国.饲料分析与检验[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2004:486-489.
[14]冀一伦.实用养牛科学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:153-156.
[15]韩正康.家畜营养生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1991:15-110.
[16]赵广永.反刍动物营养[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2012:53-62.
[17]于伽,同仲彬,严昌国,等.日粮添加多不饱和脂肪酸对延边黄牛瘤胃微生物体外发酵特性及甲烷生成量的影响[J].饲料研究,2015,18:33-38.