生长期公母驴生产性能、血清生化指标、胴体性状和肉品质的比较
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摘要
本试验旨在比较生长期公母驴生产性能、血清生化指标、胴体性状和肉品质的差异性。选取体重(149.50±7.20) kg、胎次相近的7～8月龄健康的断奶德州改良公母驴各10只,按性别分为2组,每组各2个重复,每个重复5头。试验驴按体重的1.5%饲喂精料,粗饲料均为豆秸,精粗比为4∶6。预试期7 d,正试期270 d。结果表明:1)母驴干物质采食量和平均日增重略高于公驴,但差异不显著(P>0.05);母驴体长、胸宽、出皮率和皮中胶原蛋白含量显著或极显著低于公驴(P<0.05或P<0.01),但母驴胸围显著高于公驴(P<0.05)。2)母驴血清白球比显著高于公驴(P<0.05),而血清碱性磷酸酶活性极显著低于公驴(P<0.01)。母驴和公驴其他血清生化指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)母驴胴体率和腹脂率显著高于公驴(P<0.05),肌肉剪切力、大理石花纹评分和游离脂肪酸含量极显著高于公驴(P<0.01)。母驴和公驴其他胴体性状和肉品质指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,母驴生产性能、胴体性状和肉品质均优于公驴,但公驴出皮率和皮中胶原蛋白含量高于母驴。
This experiment was aimed to compared the difference in performance,serum biochemical indices,carcass characteristics and meat quality of male and female growing donkeys. Twenty 7 to 8-month-old improved Dezhou donkeys with similar body weight of( 149.50 ± 7. 20) kg and similar parity were selected,divided into 2 groups by sex,each group contained 2 replicates with 5 donkeys per replicate. The concentrate was feed based on the body weight of 1.5%,and soybean strawused as roughage,and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 4∶6. The adaptation period lasted for 7 days and the formal period lasted for 270 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the dry matter intake and average daily gain of female donkeys were higher than those of male donkeys,but had no significant difference( P>0.05); the body length,chest width,skinning rate and collagen content of female donkeys were significantly lower than those of male donkeys( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the bust of female donkeys was significantly higher than that of male donkeys( P<0.05). 2) The serum albumin to globulin ratio of female donkeys was significantly higher than that of male donkeys( P < 0.05),and the serum alkaline phosphatase activity of female donkeys was significantly lower than that of male donkeys( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in other serum biochemical indices between female donkeys and male donkeys( P > 0. 05). 3) The carcass rate,abdominal fat rate of female donkeys was significantly higher than that of male donkeys( P<0.05),and the shear force,marble rating and free fatty acid content in muscle of female donkeys was significantly higher than that of male donkeys( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in other carcass characteristics and meat quality indices between female donkeys and male donkeys( P>0.05). In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,the performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of female donkeys are better than those of male donkeys,but the skinning rate and skin collagen content of male donkeys are higher than those of female donkeys.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2727-2734]
This experiment was aimed to compared the difference in performance,serum biochemical indices,carcass characteristics and meat quality of male and female growing donkeys. Twenty 7 to 8-month-old improved Dezhou donkeys with similar body weight of( 149.50 ± 7. 20) kg and similar parity were selected,divided into 2 groups by sex,each group contained 2 replicates with 5 donkeys per replicate. The concentrate was feed based on the body weight of 1.5%,and soybean strawused as roughage,and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 4∶6. The adaptation period lasted for 7 days and the formal period lasted for 270 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the dry matter intake and average daily gain of female donkeys were higher than those of male donkeys,but had no significant difference( P>0.05); the body length,chest width,skinning rate and collagen content of female donkeys were significantly lower than those of male donkeys( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the bust of female donkeys was significantly higher than that of male donkeys( P<0.05). 2) The serum albumin to globulin ratio of female donkeys was significantly higher than that of male donkeys( P < 0.05),and the serum alkaline phosphatase activity of female donkeys was significantly lower than that of male donkeys( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in other serum biochemical indices between female donkeys and male donkeys( P > 0. 05). 3) The carcass rate,abdominal fat rate of female donkeys was significantly higher than that of male donkeys( P<0.05),and the shear force,marble rating and free fatty acid content in muscle of female donkeys was significantly higher than that of male donkeys( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in other carcass characteristics and meat quality indices between female donkeys and male donkeys( P>0.05). In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,the performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of female donkeys are better than those of male donkeys,but the skinning rate and skin collagen content of male donkeys are higher than those of female donkeys.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2727-2734]
引文
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[3]ALLEN M S.Physical constraints on voluntary intake of forages by ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,1996,74(12):3063-3075.
[4]朱文进,张美俊,葛慕湘,等.中国8个地方驴种遗传多样性和系统发生关系的微卫星分析[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(2):398-405.
[5]肖海霞,托乎提·阿及德,石国庆,等.疆岳驴体重和体尺性状的相关和回归分析[J].中国奶牛,2012(23):27-31.
[6]谢安兴,李小兵,杨权友.和田地区土种驴与杂交驴屠宰率试验对比初报[J].新疆畜牧业,2008(6):26-27.
[7]刘桂芹,曲洪磊,种肖玉,等.性别对生长驴生产性能、屠宰性能及器官指数的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(3):61-64.
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[9]SALIM H M,LEE H R,JO C,et al.Effect of sex and dietary organic zinc on grow th performance,carcass traits,tissue mineral content,and blood parameters of broiler chickens[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,147(1/2/3):120-129.
[10]许晓莹,李小勤,孙文通,等.杜仲对草鱼生长、肌肉品质和胶原蛋白基因表达的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):787-796.
[11]AOAC.Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists[M].17th ed.Arlington:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,2000.
[12]陈润生.猪生产学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[13]谢宝财,韩启春,葛静,等.性别对关中黑猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(6):48-51.
[14]刘玉兰,冯定远.性别对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肌肉营养成分的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2005(3):39-41.
[15]KREMER R,BARBATO G,CASTRO L,et al.Effect of sire breed,year,sex and w eight on carcass characteristics of lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2004,53(1/2):117-124.
[16]PREZ P,MAINO M,MORALES M S,et al.Gender and slaughter w eight effects on carcass quality traits of suckling lambs from four different genotypes[J].Small Ruminant Research,2007,70(2/3):124-130.
[17]RODRGUEZ A B,BODAS R,LANDA R,et al.Animal performance,carcass traits and meat characteristics of Assaf and M erino×Assaf grow ing lambs[J].Livestock Science,2011,138(1/2/3):13-19.
[18]CAHANER A,GUTMAN M,PINES M.Genetic and phenotypic association betw een skin tearing and skin collagen,protein,and fat in broilers[J].Poultry Science,1993,72(10):1832-1840.
[19]KAFRI I,CHERRY J A,JONES D E,et al.Breaking strength and composition of the skin of broiler chicks:response to dietary calorie-protein ratios[J].Poultry Science,1985,64(11):2143-2149.
[20]李潇蒙,杨胜林,徐龙鑫,等.天柱番鸭生理、生化指标测定分析[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(7):24-26.
[21]席晓霞,席栋宾,吴润,等.3种SPF小鼠血液生理生化正常参考值的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011(23):134-138.
[22]吴旭颖,田玉书,吴金峰,等.BALB/cA-nu小鼠主要脏器参数、血生理生化指标和免疫细胞的测定[J].中国比较医学杂志,2014(5):42-46.
[23]王军,田玉民,苏玉虹,等.性别对3~6周龄AA肉鸡生产性能、血液指标的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2014(1):22-26.
[24]刘为民,林树茂,于辉,等.5种品系肉用仔鸡血清IGF-Ⅰ和甲状腺激素与生产性能相关性研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2006,38(12):4-7.
[25]阿拉坦其其格,王纯洁,孙国庆,等.AA肉鸡生长发育过程中免疫相关调节激素规律性研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011(7):59-61.
[26]ROSSI P,RUTZ F,ANCIUTI M A,et al.Influence of graded levels of organic zinc on grow th performance and carcass traits of broilers[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2007,16(2):219-225.
[27]季久秀,方绍明,张震,等.猪血糖、血脂与脂肪沉积性状的关联性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(4):686-692.
[28]李秀宝,张恒博,黄郁萱,等.营养水平对保育期美系长白猪血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(7):21-25.
[29]余红心,刘丽,贾俊静,等.不同蛋白水平日粮对武定鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].当代畜牧,2008(1):24-26.
[30]赵丽丽,文辉强,韩凌霞,等.不同周龄雌雄SJ5-SPF鸡生理常数及血液生化指标的测定与分析[J].中国比较医学杂志,2018,28(6):59-64.
[31]王石莹,闫素梅.碱性磷酸酶在动物骨骼代谢中的研究进展[J].饲料博览,2009(4):14-17.
[32]戴方伟,陈文文,毛栋森,等.SD雌性大鼠性发育早期性器官等脏器和性激素的动态变化[J].中国比较医学杂志,2009,19(7):33-37.
[33]曹敏,向钦,刘阳,等.CBA/CaJ小鼠脏器重量、血液生理生化指标及免疫细胞的比例[J].中国实验动物学报,2018,26(4):418-423.
[34]杨公社,路兴中,刘孝惇,等.猪血清酶活性与产肉性能关系的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1991(1):61-65.
[35]周楠,谢鹏,郑世学,等.不同年龄改良德州母驴屠宰性能、肉品理化指标及加工特性研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(5):102-104.
[36]郭建凤,武英,魏述东,等.性别对长大菜猪生长肥育性能、胴体品质及肉质的影响[J].养猪,2011(3):49-51.
[37]詹应祥,曾乐平.英、美、新丹系长白猪的屠宰性能比较[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2001,26(2):1-3.
[38]夏秀芳,孔保华,郭园园,等.反复冷冻-解冻对猪肉品质特性和微观结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):982-988.
[39]罗欣,周光宏.电刺激和延迟冷却对牛肉食用品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):188-194.
[40]岳常彦.对鲁西黄牛肉用性能的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007(4):53.
[41]BIDNER T D,HUMES P E,WYATT W E,et al.Influence of Angus and Belgian Blue bulls mated to Hereford×Brahman cow s on grow th,carcass traits,and longissimus steak shear force[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(3):1167-1173.
[42]卢桂松,彭增起,曹晖,等.秦川公牛与鲁西公牛牛肉感官品质和加工特性[J].食品科学,2013,34(5):42-45.
[43]KLOSTERMAN E W,CAHILL V R,PARKER C F.A comparison of the Hereford and Charolais breeds and their crosses under tw o systems of management[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1968,35(5):1623-1631.
[2]LORENZO J M,CARBALLO J.Changes in physicochemical properties and volatile compounds throughout the manufacturing process of dry-cured foal loin[J].Meat Science,2015,99:44-51.
[3]ALLEN M S.Physical constraints on voluntary intake of forages by ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,1996,74(12):3063-3075.
[4]朱文进,张美俊,葛慕湘,等.中国8个地方驴种遗传多样性和系统发生关系的微卫星分析[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(2):398-405.
[5]肖海霞,托乎提·阿及德,石国庆,等.疆岳驴体重和体尺性状的相关和回归分析[J].中国奶牛,2012(23):27-31.
[6]谢安兴,李小兵,杨权友.和田地区土种驴与杂交驴屠宰率试验对比初报[J].新疆畜牧业,2008(6):26-27.
[7]刘桂芹,曲洪磊,种肖玉,等.性别对生长驴生产性能、屠宰性能及器官指数的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(3):61-64.
[8]张宏博,刘树军,靳烨,等.性别因素对巴美肉羊屠宰品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(19):82-85.
[9]SALIM H M,LEE H R,JO C,et al.Effect of sex and dietary organic zinc on grow th performance,carcass traits,tissue mineral content,and blood parameters of broiler chickens[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,147(1/2/3):120-129.
[10]许晓莹,李小勤,孙文通,等.杜仲对草鱼生长、肌肉品质和胶原蛋白基因表达的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):787-796.
[11]AOAC.Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists[M].17th ed.Arlington:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,2000.
[12]陈润生.猪生产学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[13]谢宝财,韩启春,葛静,等.性别对关中黑猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(6):48-51.
[14]刘玉兰,冯定远.性别对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肌肉营养成分的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2005(3):39-41.
[15]KREMER R,BARBATO G,CASTRO L,et al.Effect of sire breed,year,sex and w eight on carcass characteristics of lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2004,53(1/2):117-124.
[16]PREZ P,MAINO M,MORALES M S,et al.Gender and slaughter w eight effects on carcass quality traits of suckling lambs from four different genotypes[J].Small Ruminant Research,2007,70(2/3):124-130.
[17]RODRGUEZ A B,BODAS R,LANDA R,et al.Animal performance,carcass traits and meat characteristics of Assaf and M erino×Assaf grow ing lambs[J].Livestock Science,2011,138(1/2/3):13-19.
[18]CAHANER A,GUTMAN M,PINES M.Genetic and phenotypic association betw een skin tearing and skin collagen,protein,and fat in broilers[J].Poultry Science,1993,72(10):1832-1840.
[19]KAFRI I,CHERRY J A,JONES D E,et al.Breaking strength and composition of the skin of broiler chicks:response to dietary calorie-protein ratios[J].Poultry Science,1985,64(11):2143-2149.
[20]李潇蒙,杨胜林,徐龙鑫,等.天柱番鸭生理、生化指标测定分析[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(7):24-26.
[21]席晓霞,席栋宾,吴润,等.3种SPF小鼠血液生理生化正常参考值的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011(23):134-138.
[22]吴旭颖,田玉书,吴金峰,等.BALB/cA-nu小鼠主要脏器参数、血生理生化指标和免疫细胞的测定[J].中国比较医学杂志,2014(5):42-46.
[23]王军,田玉民,苏玉虹,等.性别对3~6周龄AA肉鸡生产性能、血液指标的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2014(1):22-26.
[24]刘为民,林树茂,于辉,等.5种品系肉用仔鸡血清IGF-Ⅰ和甲状腺激素与生产性能相关性研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2006,38(12):4-7.
[25]阿拉坦其其格,王纯洁,孙国庆,等.AA肉鸡生长发育过程中免疫相关调节激素规律性研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011(7):59-61.
[26]ROSSI P,RUTZ F,ANCIUTI M A,et al.Influence of graded levels of organic zinc on grow th performance and carcass traits of broilers[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2007,16(2):219-225.
[27]季久秀,方绍明,张震,等.猪血糖、血脂与脂肪沉积性状的关联性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(4):686-692.
[28]李秀宝,张恒博,黄郁萱,等.营养水平对保育期美系长白猪血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(7):21-25.
[29]余红心,刘丽,贾俊静,等.不同蛋白水平日粮对武定鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].当代畜牧,2008(1):24-26.
[30]赵丽丽,文辉强,韩凌霞,等.不同周龄雌雄SJ5-SPF鸡生理常数及血液生化指标的测定与分析[J].中国比较医学杂志,2018,28(6):59-64.
[31]王石莹,闫素梅.碱性磷酸酶在动物骨骼代谢中的研究进展[J].饲料博览,2009(4):14-17.
[32]戴方伟,陈文文,毛栋森,等.SD雌性大鼠性发育早期性器官等脏器和性激素的动态变化[J].中国比较医学杂志,2009,19(7):33-37.
[33]曹敏,向钦,刘阳,等.CBA/CaJ小鼠脏器重量、血液生理生化指标及免疫细胞的比例[J].中国实验动物学报,2018,26(4):418-423.
[34]杨公社,路兴中,刘孝惇,等.猪血清酶活性与产肉性能关系的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1991(1):61-65.
[35]周楠,谢鹏,郑世学,等.不同年龄改良德州母驴屠宰性能、肉品理化指标及加工特性研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(5):102-104.
[36]郭建凤,武英,魏述东,等.性别对长大菜猪生长肥育性能、胴体品质及肉质的影响[J].养猪,2011(3):49-51.
[37]詹应祥,曾乐平.英、美、新丹系长白猪的屠宰性能比较[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2001,26(2):1-3.
[38]夏秀芳,孔保华,郭园园,等.反复冷冻-解冻对猪肉品质特性和微观结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):982-988.
[39]罗欣,周光宏.电刺激和延迟冷却对牛肉食用品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):188-194.
[40]岳常彦.对鲁西黄牛肉用性能的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007(4):53.
[41]BIDNER T D,HUMES P E,WYATT W E,et al.Influence of Angus and Belgian Blue bulls mated to Hereford×Brahman cow s on grow th,carcass traits,and longissimus steak shear force[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(3):1167-1173.
[42]卢桂松,彭增起,曹晖,等.秦川公牛与鲁西公牛牛肉感官品质和加工特性[J].食品科学,2013,34(5):42-45.
[43]KLOSTERMAN E W,CAHILL V R,PARKER C F.A comparison of the Hereford and Charolais breeds and their crosses under tw o systems of management[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1968,35(5):1623-1631.