Effects of saccharicterpenin on antioxidant status and urinary metabolic profile of rats
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摘要
Saccharicterpenin is a new green additive agent that is derived from the extract of Theaceae plants and has the ability to improve immunity and meat quality, increase the digestive enzyme activity, and enhance the intestinal development and growth of animals. However, the antioxidant status and systematic changes in metabolic biochemistry associated with saccharicterpenin supplementation in animals are still unknown. This study examined the effects of saccharicterpenin on the antioxidant status and urinary metabolic profile of rats. Sixteen rats were randomly distributed to 2 groups. One group was treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of saccharicterpenin, and the other group was treated with equal amount of saline. Results revealed that saccharicterpenin significantly increased the capacities of antihydroxyl radical(13.18%) and anti-superoxide anion(14.36%), the total antioxidant capacity(48.27%),and the activities of total superoxide dismutase(3.68%), catalase(21.52%), glutathione peroxidase(5.83%)and glutathione S-transferase(29.59%)(P < 0.05). By contrast, the contents of malondialdehyde and glutathione were not significantly affected by saccharicterpenin(P > 0.05). Saccharicterpenin supplementation significantly increased the urinary levels of bile acids, ethanol. α-ketoglutarate, and a-hydroxy butyrate but decreased the level of N-acetylglutamate(P < 0.05). In summary, saccharicterpenin can enhance the antioxidant capacity and modulate the metabolism in rats.
Saccharicterpenin is a new green additive agent that is derived from the extract of Theaceae plants and has the ability to improve immunity and meat quality, increase the digestive enzyme activity, and enhance the intestinal development and growth of animals. However, the antioxidant status and systematic changes in metabolic biochemistry associated with saccharicterpenin supplementation in animals are still unknown. This study examined the effects of saccharicterpenin on the antioxidant status and urinary metabolic profile of rats. Sixteen rats were randomly distributed to 2 groups. One group was treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of saccharicterpenin, and the other group was treated with equal amount of saline. Results revealed that saccharicterpenin significantly increased the capacities of antihydroxyl radical(13.18%) and anti-superoxide anion(14.36%), the total antioxidant capacity(48.27%),and the activities of total superoxide dismutase(3.68%), catalase(21.52%), glutathione peroxidase(5.83%)and glutathione S-transferase(29.59%)(P < 0.05). By contrast, the contents of malondialdehyde and glutathione were not significantly affected by saccharicterpenin(P > 0.05). Saccharicterpenin supplementation significantly increased the urinary levels of bile acids, ethanol. α-ketoglutarate, and a-hydroxy butyrate but decreased the level of N-acetylglutamate(P < 0.05). In summary, saccharicterpenin can enhance the antioxidant capacity and modulate the metabolism in rats.
Saccharicterpenin is a new green additive agent that is derived from the extract of Theaceae plants and has the ability to improve immunity and meat quality, increase the digestive enzyme activity, and enhance the intestinal development and growth of animals. However, the antioxidant status and systematic changes in metabolic biochemistry associated with saccharicterpenin supplementation in animals are still unknown. This study examined the effects of saccharicterpenin on the antioxidant status and urinary metabolic profile of rats. Sixteen rats were randomly distributed to 2 groups. One group was treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of saccharicterpenin, and the other group was treated with equal amount of saline. Results revealed that saccharicterpenin significantly increased the capacities of antihydroxyl radical(13.18%) and anti-superoxide anion(14.36%), the total antioxidant capacity(48.27%),and the activities of total superoxide dismutase(3.68%), catalase(21.52%), glutathione peroxidase(5.83%)and glutathione S-transferase(29.59%)(P < 0.05). By contrast, the contents of malondialdehyde and glutathione were not significantly affected by saccharicterpenin(P > 0.05). Saccharicterpenin supplementation significantly increased the urinary levels of bile acids, ethanol. α-ketoglutarate, and a-hydroxy butyrate but decreased the level of N-acetylglutamate(P < 0.05). In summary, saccharicterpenin can enhance the antioxidant capacity and modulate the metabolism in rats.
引文
Cao W, Liu G, Fang T, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, et al. Effects of spermine on the morphology, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidant status of jejunum in suckling rats. RSC Adv 2015;5:76607-14.
Chen J, Zhou X, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang J. Effects of glutamine on hydrogen peroxideinduced oxidative damage in intestinal epithelial cells of Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquaculture 2009;288:285-9.
Chen Y, Miao Y, Huang L, Li J, Sun H, Zhao Y, et al. Antioxidant activities of saponins extracted from Radix Trichosanthis:an in vivo and in vitro evaluation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:86-93.
Fan TWM. Metabolite profiling by one-and two-dimensional NMR analysis of complex mixtures. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 1996;28:161-219.
Fang T, Wu X, Cao W, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, et al. Effects of dietary fiber on the antioxidant capacity, immune status, and antioxidant-relative signaling molecular gene expression in rat organs. RSC Adv 2017;7:19611-20.
Fang Y, Yang S, Wu G. Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 2002;18:872-9.
Feng L, Zhao S, Chen G, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, et al. Antioxidant status of serum,muscle, intestine and hepatopancreas for fish fed graded levels of biotin. Fish Physiol Biochem 2014;40:499-510.
Fu L, Zhang A, Jiang N, Song Y. Effect of Saccharicterpenin on growth performance,intestinal microflora and meat qualities for Royal Chicken in growing period.Acta Ecol Anim Domastici 2008;29:48-52.
Gutierrez RMP. Antidiabetic andantioxidant properties, and Oa-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition effects of triterpene saponins from Piper auritum. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016;25:229-39.
Hao T, Wang J, Li B, Zhang D, Sun J, Sun Y, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation of Saccharicterpenin on growth, immunity and heat shock protein 70 content of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus). J Zhejiang Univ 2014;40:338-47.
Huang F. Effect of saccharicterpenin on growth performance and meat quality in broilers[Master degree thesis dissertation]. Zhejiang University; 2017.
Huang P, Zhao S, Zhang X, Zhang T, Xiao C. Effects of dietary Saccharicterpenin on mucosal structure of small intestine in Gushi chickens. Chin J Anim Nutr2011;23:2016-23.
Jiang W, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhou X. Myo-inositol prevents oxidative damage,inhibits oxygen radical generation and increases antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquac Res 2009;40:1770-6.
Kisaoglu A, Borekci B, Yapca O, Bilen H, Suleyman H. Tissue damage and oxidant/antioxidant balance. EAJM 2013;45:47-9.
Lin M, Yen C. Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation product-scavenging ability of yogurt organisms. J Dairy Sci 1999;82:1629-34.Liu J, Zeng T, Du X, Li G, Yu Y, Lu L, et al. Effects of water supplemented with Saccharicterpenin and photosynthetic bacteria on egg production, egg quality,serum immunoglobulins, and digestive enzyme activities of ducks. Can J Anim Sci 2016:96:397-403.
Liu Z, Liu Y, Xiong Z, Feng Y, Tang W. Total soy saponins improve the antioxidant capacity of the myocardium and exercise ability in exhausted rats. J Sport Health Sci 2016;5:424-9.
Meijer AJ, Verhoeven AJ. N-acetylglutamate and urea synthesis. Biochem J1984;223:559-60.
Nicholson JK, Foxall PJD. 750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem 1995;67:793-811.
Ren W, Yin Y, Liu G, Yu X, Li Y, Yang G, et al. Effect of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance of mice with porcine circovirus type 2infection. Amino Acids 2012;42:2089-94.
Shen W. Effect of saccharicterpenin on growth performance and defensive system in broilers[Master degree thesis dissertation]. Zhejiang University; 2010.
Shi Y, Wang J, Guo R, Wang C, Yan X, Xu B, et al. Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on growth performance and some antioxidant indices of weaned piglets. Livest Sci2014;167:257-62.
Sies H. Oxidative stress:oxidants and antioxidants. Exp Physiol 1997;82:291-5.
Tang X, Liu X, Zhang S. Studies of Saccharicterpenin and Flavomycin on the production and intestinal bacilli of early weaned piglets. China Anim Husb Vet Med2007;34:15-8.
Wishart DS, Jewison T, Guo AC, Wilson M, Knox C, Liu Y, et al. HMDB 3.0-the human metabolome database in 2013. Nucleic Acids Res 2013;41:D801-7.
Wu P, Jiang W, Liu Y, Chen G, Jiang J, Li S, et al. Effect of choline on antioxidant defenses and gene expressions of Nrf2 signaling molecule in the spleen and head kidney of juvenile Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014;38:374-82.
Wu X, Cao W, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, et al. New insights into the role of spermine in enhancing the antioxidant capacity of rat spleen and liver under oxidative stress. Anim Nutr 2016;3:85-90.
Xiao L, Cao W, Liu G, Fang T, Wu X, Jia G, et al. Dietary arginine and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation enhance the antioxidant statuses of the liver and plasma against oxidative stress in rats. Food Funct 2016;7:2303-11.
Zhang H. Effects of Saccharicterpenin on the T lymphocyte subpopulations, the development of intestine and intestinal mucosal immunity in Gushi chickens[Master degree thesis dissertation]. Henan Agricultural University;2010.
Chen J, Zhou X, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang J. Effects of glutamine on hydrogen peroxideinduced oxidative damage in intestinal epithelial cells of Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquaculture 2009;288:285-9.
Chen Y, Miao Y, Huang L, Li J, Sun H, Zhao Y, et al. Antioxidant activities of saponins extracted from Radix Trichosanthis:an in vivo and in vitro evaluation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:86-93.
Fan TWM. Metabolite profiling by one-and two-dimensional NMR analysis of complex mixtures. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 1996;28:161-219.
Fang T, Wu X, Cao W, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, et al. Effects of dietary fiber on the antioxidant capacity, immune status, and antioxidant-relative signaling molecular gene expression in rat organs. RSC Adv 2017;7:19611-20.
Fang Y, Yang S, Wu G. Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 2002;18:872-9.
Feng L, Zhao S, Chen G, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, et al. Antioxidant status of serum,muscle, intestine and hepatopancreas for fish fed graded levels of biotin. Fish Physiol Biochem 2014;40:499-510.
Fu L, Zhang A, Jiang N, Song Y. Effect of Saccharicterpenin on growth performance,intestinal microflora and meat qualities for Royal Chicken in growing period.Acta Ecol Anim Domastici 2008;29:48-52.
Gutierrez RMP. Antidiabetic andantioxidant properties, and Oa-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition effects of triterpene saponins from Piper auritum. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016;25:229-39.
Hao T, Wang J, Li B, Zhang D, Sun J, Sun Y, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation of Saccharicterpenin on growth, immunity and heat shock protein 70 content of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus). J Zhejiang Univ 2014;40:338-47.
Huang F. Effect of saccharicterpenin on growth performance and meat quality in broilers[Master degree thesis dissertation]. Zhejiang University; 2017.
Huang P, Zhao S, Zhang X, Zhang T, Xiao C. Effects of dietary Saccharicterpenin on mucosal structure of small intestine in Gushi chickens. Chin J Anim Nutr2011;23:2016-23.
Jiang W, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhou X. Myo-inositol prevents oxidative damage,inhibits oxygen radical generation and increases antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquac Res 2009;40:1770-6.
Kisaoglu A, Borekci B, Yapca O, Bilen H, Suleyman H. Tissue damage and oxidant/antioxidant balance. EAJM 2013;45:47-9.
Lin M, Yen C. Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation product-scavenging ability of yogurt organisms. J Dairy Sci 1999;82:1629-34.Liu J, Zeng T, Du X, Li G, Yu Y, Lu L, et al. Effects of water supplemented with Saccharicterpenin and photosynthetic bacteria on egg production, egg quality,serum immunoglobulins, and digestive enzyme activities of ducks. Can J Anim Sci 2016:96:397-403.
Liu Z, Liu Y, Xiong Z, Feng Y, Tang W. Total soy saponins improve the antioxidant capacity of the myocardium and exercise ability in exhausted rats. J Sport Health Sci 2016;5:424-9.
Meijer AJ, Verhoeven AJ. N-acetylglutamate and urea synthesis. Biochem J1984;223:559-60.
Nicholson JK, Foxall PJD. 750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem 1995;67:793-811.
Ren W, Yin Y, Liu G, Yu X, Li Y, Yang G, et al. Effect of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance of mice with porcine circovirus type 2infection. Amino Acids 2012;42:2089-94.
Shen W. Effect of saccharicterpenin on growth performance and defensive system in broilers[Master degree thesis dissertation]. Zhejiang University; 2010.
Shi Y, Wang J, Guo R, Wang C, Yan X, Xu B, et al. Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on growth performance and some antioxidant indices of weaned piglets. Livest Sci2014;167:257-62.
Sies H. Oxidative stress:oxidants and antioxidants. Exp Physiol 1997;82:291-5.
Tang X, Liu X, Zhang S. Studies of Saccharicterpenin and Flavomycin on the production and intestinal bacilli of early weaned piglets. China Anim Husb Vet Med2007;34:15-8.
Wishart DS, Jewison T, Guo AC, Wilson M, Knox C, Liu Y, et al. HMDB 3.0-the human metabolome database in 2013. Nucleic Acids Res 2013;41:D801-7.
Wu P, Jiang W, Liu Y, Chen G, Jiang J, Li S, et al. Effect of choline on antioxidant defenses and gene expressions of Nrf2 signaling molecule in the spleen and head kidney of juvenile Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014;38:374-82.
Wu X, Cao W, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, et al. New insights into the role of spermine in enhancing the antioxidant capacity of rat spleen and liver under oxidative stress. Anim Nutr 2016;3:85-90.
Xiao L, Cao W, Liu G, Fang T, Wu X, Jia G, et al. Dietary arginine and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation enhance the antioxidant statuses of the liver and plasma against oxidative stress in rats. Food Funct 2016;7:2303-11.
Zhang H. Effects of Saccharicterpenin on the T lymphocyte subpopulations, the development of intestine and intestinal mucosal immunity in Gushi chickens[Master degree thesis dissertation]. Henan Agricultural University;2010.