2008—2017年泉州市沿海赤潮灾害特征分析
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摘要
文章对泉州市沿海2008—2017年发生的15起赤潮灾害进行综合分析,结果表明:(1)赤潮平均每年发生1.5起,发生面积31.0km2,发生天数7d,从赤潮发生次数、发生面积和发生天数来看,后5年(2013—2017年)较之前5年(2008—2012年),呈明显的上升趋势;赤潮的主要发生期为4—9月,暴发高峰期为5—6月;平均每次赤潮持续时间为4.7d;(2)引发赤潮的藻类有9种,其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)4种,甲藻门(Dinophyta)4种,金藻门(Chrysophyta)1种,引发赤潮次数最多的是夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)和米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi);引发赤潮的藻类具有演替规律,不断有新的藻类引发赤潮;每种硅藻赤潮均只发生过1起,甲藻引发赤潮次数最多,金藻赤潮发生天数最多,面积最大;(3)有毒赤潮共发生6起,其中米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)赤潮严重危害人类健康和水产养殖业;(4)赤潮分布范围广,主要发生在惠安县海域和石狮市海域。通过全面分析近10年泉州市沿海赤潮的基本特征,为泉州市赤潮的预警预报工作提供科学依据。
This paper analyzed 15 red tide disasters in coastal waters of Quanzhou from 2008 to2017 comprehensively.The results showed,firstly,on average,red tides occurred 1.5 times per year with the area of occurrence being 31.0 km2 and the occurrence tome being 7 d.In terms of the number of occurrence,the area of occurrence and the days of occurrence,the latter five years(2013—2017)presented a clear upward trend of red tides outbreaks compared with the former five years(2008—2012).Red tides occurred mainly from April to September,among which May to June ranked the top.The average duration of the red tides was 4.7 d.Secondly,there were9 species of algae that induced red tides,including 4 species of Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta respectively,and 1 species of Chrysophyta.Most of the red tides were caused by Noctiluca scintillans and Karenia mikimotoi.The species of red tides had succession rules with new species inducing red tides constantly.Each Bacillariophyta red tide occurred only once.Dinophyta caused the most of red tides while Chrysophyta caused red tides with the largest number of days and the largest area of occurrence.Thirdly,A total of 6 toxic red tides occurred,among which Karenia mikimotoi and Gymnodinium catenatum caused huge losses to the aquaculture industry.Fourthly,the red tides had a wide range of distribution.The sea waters of Hui′an and Shishi were red tide disaster-prone areas.This paper aimed to provide a scientific basis for the early warning and forecasting work of the red tide disasters in Quanzhou based on the comprehensive analysis of the basic characteristics of the red tides in coastal waters of Quanzhou over the past 10 years.
This paper analyzed 15 red tide disasters in coastal waters of Quanzhou from 2008 to2017 comprehensively.The results showed,firstly,on average,red tides occurred 1.5 times per year with the area of occurrence being 31.0 km2 and the occurrence tome being 7 d.In terms of the number of occurrence,the area of occurrence and the days of occurrence,the latter five years(2013—2017)presented a clear upward trend of red tides outbreaks compared with the former five years(2008—2012).Red tides occurred mainly from April to September,among which May to June ranked the top.The average duration of the red tides was 4.7 d.Secondly,there were9 species of algae that induced red tides,including 4 species of Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta respectively,and 1 species of Chrysophyta.Most of the red tides were caused by Noctiluca scintillans and Karenia mikimotoi.The species of red tides had succession rules with new species inducing red tides constantly.Each Bacillariophyta red tide occurred only once.Dinophyta caused the most of red tides while Chrysophyta caused red tides with the largest number of days and the largest area of occurrence.Thirdly,A total of 6 toxic red tides occurred,among which Karenia mikimotoi and Gymnodinium catenatum caused huge losses to the aquaculture industry.Fourthly,the red tides had a wide range of distribution.The sea waters of Hui′an and Shishi were red tide disaster-prone areas.This paper aimed to provide a scientific basis for the early warning and forecasting work of the red tide disasters in Quanzhou based on the comprehensive analysis of the basic characteristics of the red tides in coastal waters of Quanzhou over the past 10 years.
引文
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[6]卓鑫.近十年福州沿海赤潮的基本特征研究[J].海洋预报,2018,35(4):34-40.
[7]杨凡,郑崇荣,陈竞武,等.泉州沿海海水表层温度分析[J].海洋预报,2018,35(4):75-81.
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[9]张春桂,任汉龙,吴幸毓,等.福建沿海赤潮灾害气象预报[J].气象科技,2010,38(2):253-258+285.
[10]丁光茂,张树峰.2012年三沙湾米氏凯伦藻赤潮的生态特征及成因分析[J].海洋学报,2018,40(6):104-112.
[11]田晶晶.环境因子对球形棕囊藻细胞群体形成的影响[D].广州:暨南大学,2010.
[12]许翠娅,黄美珍,杜琦.福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(3):434-441.
[13]郭瑾,杨维东,刘洁生,等.温度、盐度和光照对球形棕囊藻生长和产毒的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(8):1341-1346.
[14]张文.不同环境因子对有害赤潮生物链状裸甲藻的生长和产毒的影响[D].广州:暨南大学,2009.
[15]程军利,张鹰,张东,等.海州湾赤潮发生期生态环境要素分析[J].海洋科学进展,2009,27(2):217-223.
[16]杜琦,张友权,高磊,等.近年福建海域赤潮的特点及防治对策[J].福建水产,2002(4):32-37.
[17]陈泽浦,刘堃.浅析赤潮灾害形成原因、危害与减灾工作[J].中国渔业经济,2010,28(1):60-65.
[2]李雪丁.福建沿海近10a赤潮基本特征分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2210-2216.
[3]齐雨藻.中国沿海赤潮[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[4]曹宇峰,许珠华,吴绶激,等.泉州市海洋环境保护状况与建议[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(2):279-281+300.
[5]吴瑞贞.南海赤潮发生前后阶段水文气象要素演变特征研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.
[6]卓鑫.近十年福州沿海赤潮的基本特征研究[J].海洋预报,2018,35(4):34-40.
[7]杨凡,郑崇荣,陈竞武,等.泉州沿海海水表层温度分析[J].海洋预报,2018,35(4):75-81.
[8] HELLERMAN S,ROSENSTEIN M.Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,1983,13(7):1093-1104.
[9]张春桂,任汉龙,吴幸毓,等.福建沿海赤潮灾害气象预报[J].气象科技,2010,38(2):253-258+285.
[10]丁光茂,张树峰.2012年三沙湾米氏凯伦藻赤潮的生态特征及成因分析[J].海洋学报,2018,40(6):104-112.
[11]田晶晶.环境因子对球形棕囊藻细胞群体形成的影响[D].广州:暨南大学,2010.
[12]许翠娅,黄美珍,杜琦.福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(3):434-441.
[13]郭瑾,杨维东,刘洁生,等.温度、盐度和光照对球形棕囊藻生长和产毒的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(8):1341-1346.
[14]张文.不同环境因子对有害赤潮生物链状裸甲藻的生长和产毒的影响[D].广州:暨南大学,2009.
[15]程军利,张鹰,张东,等.海州湾赤潮发生期生态环境要素分析[J].海洋科学进展,2009,27(2):217-223.
[16]杜琦,张友权,高磊,等.近年福建海域赤潮的特点及防治对策[J].福建水产,2002(4):32-37.
[17]陈泽浦,刘堃.浅析赤潮灾害形成原因、危害与减灾工作[J].中国渔业经济,2010,28(1):60-65.