基于仿生形态的高速列车气动性能研究
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摘要
基于工程仿生学理论,提出一种高速列车头型的设计方法,选取自然界中速度较快的几种典型动物为仿生对象,对生物体进行工程化仿生建模,从复杂的三维几何中,提取主要的特征线并忽略次要特征,得到基于仿生形态的高速列车头型,并与CRH型动车组进行基本气动性能的比较。研究结果表明,高速列车以350 km/h在明线下运行时,海豚型列车所受的阻力最小,其次是蜂鸟型,二者的运行阻力均小于CRH型,而大白鲨型列车的阻力最大;分析了各仿生设计列车纵向截面积随距鼻尖长度变化的关系,线性趋势程度由高到低排序:海豚型>蜂鸟型>CRH型>大白鲨型,而列车的阻力系数刚好与该顺序相反,说明头型截面积沿长度方向的线性变化程度越高,其气动阻力越小。
Based on the theory of engineering bionics, a design method of high-speed train head is proposed in this paper. Several typical animals with higher speed in nature are selected as the bionic object. The main feature lines are extracted from complex 3 D geometry and the secondary characteristics are neglected, thus a high-speed train head shape based on bionic shape is obtained. The basic aerodynamic performance of the CRH type EMU is compared with that of the EMUs. The results show that under the operating speed of 350 km/h, the Dolphin type train has the smallest resistance, followed by a Hummingbird type, and the CRH type is bigger than them,but the Great White Shark train is the maximum. Then, the relationship between the longitudinal sectional area of the train and the length of nose tip is analyzed. The linear trend range from high to low is: Dolphin >Hummingbird > CRH > Great White Shark. However, the coefficient of resistance of the train is just the opposite of the order, which means that the higher the degree of linear variation of head section area along length and the smaller the aerodynamic resistance.
Based on the theory of engineering bionics, a design method of high-speed train head is proposed in this paper. Several typical animals with higher speed in nature are selected as the bionic object. The main feature lines are extracted from complex 3 D geometry and the secondary characteristics are neglected, thus a high-speed train head shape based on bionic shape is obtained. The basic aerodynamic performance of the CRH type EMU is compared with that of the EMUs. The results show that under the operating speed of 350 km/h, the Dolphin type train has the smallest resistance, followed by a Hummingbird type, and the CRH type is bigger than them,but the Great White Shark train is the maximum. Then, the relationship between the longitudinal sectional area of the train and the length of nose tip is analyzed. The linear trend range from high to low is: Dolphin >Hummingbird > CRH > Great White Shark. However, the coefficient of resistance of the train is just the opposite of the order, which means that the higher the degree of linear variation of head section area along length and the smaller the aerodynamic resistance.
引文
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[2]朱子愧,高奇,李瑞,蔡君伟.基于快速成型技术的仿生机械乌龟设计与制造[J].机械,2015,42(2):56-58.
[3]韩志武,吕尤,董立春,等.仿生表面形态齿轮的模态分析[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2010,40(6):1604-1608.
[4]齐迎春,丛茜,王骥月,等.凹槽形仿生针头优化设计与减阻机理分析[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(15):126-130.
[5]SONG X W,ZHANG G G,WANG Y,et al.Use of bionic inspired surfaces for aerodynamic drag reduction on motor vehicle body panels[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics&Engineering),2011,12(7):543-551.
[6]REN L Q.Progress in the bionic study on anti-adhesion and resistance reduction of terrain machines[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,52(2):273-284.
[7]NGUYEN Q V,PARK H C,GOO N S,et al.Aerodynamic force generation of an insect-inspired flapper actuated by a compressed unimorph actuator[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(16):2871-2879.
[8]VOGELAAR L,LAMMERTINK R G H,WESSLING M.SuperhydroPhobic surfaces having two-fold adjustable roughness prepared in a single step[J].Langmuir,2006,22(7):3125-3130.
[9]于梦阁,张继业,张卫华.350km/h高速列车风致安全研究[J].机械设计与制造,2011,5(5):174-176.
[10]刘小燕,陈春俊,何洪阳.高速列车隧道会车时气动载荷的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2014(11):161-164.
[11]田红旗,周丹,许平.列车空气动力性能与流线型头部外形[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(3):47-55.
[12]汪群生.高速列车车下悬吊系统振动行为研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2018.
[13]宋琛,张继业,刘楠.风沙环境下高速列车气动性能研究[J].机械,2016,43(6):36-41.