泰安市青少年女性流产现状及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的了解泰安市青少年女性流产现状及影响因素,为制定青少年女性意外妊娠的防治措施提供依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,选取2013年7月-2015年2月泰安市4家医院门诊流产室年龄<19岁、户籍在本市的人工流产青少年女性为调查对象,在知情同意的基础上按照自制问卷进行调查。结果共收回有效调查信息表89份,平均年龄18.22岁,6例有负性生活事件;学生77例,占86.52%;父母抚养54例,占60.67%。月经初潮平均年龄12.63岁;首次性行为平均年龄17.79岁;首次流产平均年龄18.07岁;对人工流产危害不了解者70例,占78.65%;对性及健康知识不了解者60例,占67.42%;因避孕失败意外妊娠者61例,占68.54%。抚养人与首次性行为年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);家庭管理方式与首次性行为年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);年龄与非意愿妊娠原因有关(P<0.05);首次性行为年龄在性伴侣选择中,男朋友组和朋友、同学组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论抚养人及家庭管理方式对泰安市青少年女性初次性行为年龄没有直接影响;随着年龄的增长,泰安市青少年女性对性伴侣的选择越来越理性,性伴侣相对固定,性心理逐渐成熟,自我防护意识逐渐增强,但性及生殖健康知识水平较低,避孕方法掌握不佳或使用不得当;延缓青少年女性首次性行为年龄可以有效避免其首次人工流产的发生。
Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of abortion among female adolescents in Taian city,provide a basis for making prevention and treatment measures of unexpected pregnancy. Methods An epidemiological investigation method was used to investigate the induced abortion female adolescents with Taian household register under 19 years old from outpatient abortion room of 4 hospitals in Taian city from July 2013 to February 2015. The questionnaire survey was performed on the basis of informed consent. Results A total of 89 valid questionnaires were collected. The average age was 18. 22 years old,and 6 female adolescents had negative life events.There were 77 students,accounting for 86. 52%. There were 54 cases raised by their parents,accounting for 60. 67%. The average menarche age was 12. 63 years old. The average age of the first sexual intercourse was 17. 79 years old. The average age of the first abortion was18. 02 years old. There were 70 cases who did not understand the harms of induced abortion,accounting for 78. 65%. There were 60 female adolescents who did not have sex and health knowledge,accounting for 67. 42%. There were 61 cases of accidental pregnancy due to failure of contraception,accounting for 68. 54%. There was no correlation between foster and age of the first sexual intercourse( P>0. 05). There was no correlation between family management mode and age of the first sexual intercourse( P>0. 05). There was significant correlation between age and unintended pregnancy causes( P<0. 05). In the aspect of choosing sexual partner,there was statistically significant difference in age of the first sexual intercourse between boyfriends and friends,classmates( P<0. 05). Conclusion Foster and family management mode have no direct impact on age of the first sexual intercourse of female adolescents in Tai'an city. With the increase of age,the choice of sexual partners among female adolescents in Tai'an city is more and more rational,sexual partners are relatively fixed,sexual psychology gets gradually mature,self-protection consciousness gradually strengthens,but the mastery levels of sex and reproductive health knowledge are low,the methods of contraception is poorly controlled or used. Delaying the age of the first sexual intercourse among female adolescents can effectively prevent the first abortion.
Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of abortion among female adolescents in Taian city,provide a basis for making prevention and treatment measures of unexpected pregnancy. Methods An epidemiological investigation method was used to investigate the induced abortion female adolescents with Taian household register under 19 years old from outpatient abortion room of 4 hospitals in Taian city from July 2013 to February 2015. The questionnaire survey was performed on the basis of informed consent. Results A total of 89 valid questionnaires were collected. The average age was 18. 22 years old,and 6 female adolescents had negative life events.There were 77 students,accounting for 86. 52%. There were 54 cases raised by their parents,accounting for 60. 67%. The average menarche age was 12. 63 years old. The average age of the first sexual intercourse was 17. 79 years old. The average age of the first abortion was18. 02 years old. There were 70 cases who did not understand the harms of induced abortion,accounting for 78. 65%. There were 60 female adolescents who did not have sex and health knowledge,accounting for 67. 42%. There were 61 cases of accidental pregnancy due to failure of contraception,accounting for 68. 54%. There was no correlation between foster and age of the first sexual intercourse( P>0. 05). There was no correlation between family management mode and age of the first sexual intercourse( P>0. 05). There was significant correlation between age and unintended pregnancy causes( P<0. 05). In the aspect of choosing sexual partner,there was statistically significant difference in age of the first sexual intercourse between boyfriends and friends,classmates( P<0. 05). Conclusion Foster and family management mode have no direct impact on age of the first sexual intercourse of female adolescents in Tai'an city. With the increase of age,the choice of sexual partners among female adolescents in Tai'an city is more and more rational,sexual partners are relatively fixed,sexual psychology gets gradually mature,self-protection consciousness gradually strengthens,but the mastery levels of sex and reproductive health knowledge are low,the methods of contraception is poorly controlled or used. Delaying the age of the first sexual intercourse among female adolescents can effectively prevent the first abortion.
引文
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[3]楼超华,许姜姜,程艳,等.未婚流动人口的性与生殖健康教育和服务研究[J].国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志,2012,31(3):173-177.
[4]杨雪花,戴梅竟,何家生.南京市大学生青春期性困惑状况[J].中国学校生,2003,8(24):327.
[5]季成叶,李勇.1985-2000年中国青少年青春期生长长期变化趋势[J].中国生育健康杂志.2003,14(5):271-274.
[6]李燕芬,林国桢.中学生性知识、态度、行为的调查分析[J].中国健康教育,2002,18(5):304-305.
[7]宋逸,季成叶,星一,等.中国18省市自治区城市高中生性行为现况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(12):1079-1081.
[8]王丽卿.湖北省青少年生殖健康现状及性行为影响因素研究[D].华中科技大学,2011.
[9]杨丽华,付立平,王晓红,等.北京市怀柔区青少年青春期健康教育需求调查[J].中国健康教育.2008,24(5):379-380.
[10]江剑平.论大学生性健康教育[J].中国性科学.2003,12(4):20-22.
[11]郭未,郑晓瑛,吴正.中国未婚青年首次性行为发生风险-种代价伦视角的分析[J].社会学研究,2013,16(4):27-38.
[12]王筱金.上海市青春健康促进项目效果评估[D].复旦大学,2006.
[13]王子亮,左霞云,楼超华,等.未婚人工流产女性非意愿首次性行为的相关因素及生殖健康结局研究[J].中国性科学,2013,22(7):57-61.
[14]Jejeebhoy SJ,Shah I,Thapa S.Sex without consent:young people in developing countries[M].New York:Zed Books Ltd,2005:3-45.
[15]程怡民,康宝华,王铁燕,等.非意愿性行为危险因素病例对照研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(3):179-181.
[16]吴晓英.1275例青少年非意愿性妊娠临床分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2005,20(1):91-92.
[17]邓亚丽,李晓玲.未婚青少年人工流产原因分析及预防的探讨[J].实用预防医学,2008,15(1):166-167.
[18]邓亚丽,李晓玲.未婚青少年人工流产原因分析及预防的探讨[J].实用预防医学,2008,15(1):166-167.
[19]高山凤,王金玲.青少年人工流产临床分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2010,25(22):3140-3142.
[20]Veld C,Veld-Merkoulova YV.The risk perceptions of individual investors[J].J Economic Psychol,2008,29(2):226-252.