交流电压下变压器油中流注发展时空演化的光-电信号特征研究
|
摘要
流注放电多具有电离程度高、发展速度快及树状分叉等典型特征,是介质击穿前发生的各类放电起始、发展现象的统称。研究变压器油中流注现象对于加深液体介质放电机理的认识以及提升油纸绝缘性能具有重要意义。本文通过搭建流注光-电特性检测平台,获取了交流电压下针板电极结构中流注放电的光-电脉冲电流序列和光学图像。结果表明,负流注主要包括单个脉冲、幅值递增序列、幅值递减序列及幅值先增后减序列四种典型序列模式。负流注通道形状为球状,但较难向前发展,导致击穿电压较高;正流注电流脉冲序列为正脉冲簇形式,通道形状为细丝状且发展过程中伴随着随机分叉现象。结合流注发展电流序列和空间发展图像,对正、负流注起始与时空演化机理进行阐述,根据电容模型和流注通道压力平衡方程计算了正、负流注发展时的半径、速度特征参量,得到负流注通道半径约为80?m,正流注直径为60～80?m,平均速度约为3km/s,计算结果与实验现象相符。
The streamer discharge is the pre-breakdown phenomenon including inception and propagation process of discharge, which is featured by high degree of ionization, high propagation velocity and random branching characteristics. Studying streamer discharge in transformer oil is of great importance to deep understand the mechanism of liquid dielectrics discharge and improve the quality of oil-paper insulation. The steamer propagation process experimental platform is set up to obtain the current pulses and optical image of streamer. It is found that current pulses of negative streamers include four patterns, i.e. single pulse, increasing pulses, decreasing pulses, and first increasing then decreasing pulses. The negative streamer is in a nearly spherical shape and develops slowly with the rise of applied voltage. The positive streamer current pulses are in the form of pulses burst, where the streamers are in a filament-like shape with a random branching characteristic. The inception and propagation mechanism of streamer is also discussed, and several parameters of streamer including radius and velocity are calculated. The results show that the radius of negative is about 80?m,and the diameter of positive streamer is 60 ～ 80?m with 3 km/s of the average velocity, which are in accordance with the experimental results. It is concluded that the inception and development mechanisms of positive and negative streamers are different.
The streamer discharge is the pre-breakdown phenomenon including inception and propagation process of discharge, which is featured by high degree of ionization, high propagation velocity and random branching characteristics. Studying streamer discharge in transformer oil is of great importance to deep understand the mechanism of liquid dielectrics discharge and improve the quality of oil-paper insulation. The steamer propagation process experimental platform is set up to obtain the current pulses and optical image of streamer. It is found that current pulses of negative streamers include four patterns, i.e. single pulse, increasing pulses, decreasing pulses, and first increasing then decreasing pulses. The negative streamer is in a nearly spherical shape and develops slowly with the rise of applied voltage. The positive streamer current pulses are in the form of pulses burst, where the streamers are in a filament-like shape with a random branching characteristic. The inception and propagation mechanism of streamer is also discussed, and several parameters of streamer including radius and velocity are calculated. The results show that the radius of negative is about 80?m,and the diameter of positive streamer is 60 ～ 80?m with 3 km/s of the average velocity, which are in accordance with the experimental results. It is concluded that the inception and development mechanisms of positive and negative streamers are different.
引文
[1]Marinov I,Guaitella O,Rousseau A,et al.Cavitation in the vicinity of the high-voltage electrode as a key step of nanosecond breakdown in liquids[J].Plasma Sources Science&Technology,2013,22(4):042001.
[2]Lesaint O,Saker A,Gournay P,et al.Streamer propagation and breakdown under ac voltage in very large oil gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1998,5(3):351-359.
[3]Liu Qiang,Wang Zhongdong.Streamer characteristic and breakdown in synthetic and natural ester transformer liquids under standard lightning impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2011,18(1):285-294.
[4]Lesaint O.Prebreakdown phenomena in liquids:propagation‘modes’and basic physical properties[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2016,49(14):144001.
[5]Massala G,Lesaint O.A comparison of negative and positive streamers in mineral oil at large gaps[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2001,34(10):1525.
[6]Naidis G V.Positive and negative streamers in air:velocity-diameter relation[J].Physical Review E:Statistical Nonlinear&Soft Matter Physics,2009,79(2):057401.
[7]Dung N V,Hoidalen H K,Linhjell D,et al.Influence of impurities and additives on positive streamers in paraffinic model oil[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2012,19(5):1593-1603.
[8]周游,陈牧天,吕玉珍,等.TiO2纳米粒子对高水分变压器油中电荷输运的影响[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):236-241.Zhou You,Chen Mutian,LüYuzhen,et al.Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on charge transportation of transformer oil with high moisture content.Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):236-241.
[9]Lesaint O,Gournay P.On the gaseous nature of positive filamentary streamers in hydrocarbon liquids.I:Influence of the hydrostatic pressure on the propagation[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1999,27(10):2111.
[10]Pompili M,Mazzetti C,Bartnikas R.PD pulse burst characteristics of transformer oils[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):689-698.
[11]Lesaint O,Tobazeon R.Streamer generation and propagation in transformer oil under AC divergent field conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,2002,23(6):941-954.
[12]Kattan R,Denat A,Lesaint O.Generation,growth,and collapse of vapor bubbles in hydrocarbon liquids under a high divergent electric field[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1989,66(9):4062-4066.
[13]Leighton T.The acoustic bubble[M].London:Academic Press,1994.
[14]应崇福,安宇.声空化气泡内部的高温和高压分布[J].中国科学(A辑),2002,32(4):305-313.Ying Chongfu,An Yu.Distribution of high temperature and high pressure in acoustic bubbles[J].Science of China(A),2002,32(4):305-313.
[15]Gournay P,Lesaint O.A study of the inception of positive streamers in cyclohexane and pentane[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1999,26(11):1966.
[16]Dumitrescu L,Lesaint O,Bonifaci N,et al.Study of streamer inception in cyclohexane with a sensitive charge measurement technique under impulse voltage[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2001,53(2):135-146.
[17]王同磊,张乔根,倪鹤立,等.变压器油中阴极放电起始过程的气泡模型[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2042-2048.Wang Tonglei,Zhang Qiaogen,Ni Heli,et al.Bubble model of breakdown initiation process from cathode in transformer oil[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):2042-2048.
[18]陈兴来.加氢裂化柴油制取45号变压器油[J].润滑油,1995(4):13-15.Chen Xinglai.The production of 45#transformer oil with hydrocracking diesel oil[J].Lubricating Oil.1995(4):13-15.
[19]北京石油设计院.石油化工工艺计算图表[M].北京:烃加工出版社,1985.
[20]Yang Y,Cho Y I,Fridman A.Plasma discharge in liquid:water treatment and applications[M].London:CRC Press,2012.
[21]Denat A,Lesaint O,Mccluskey F.Streamer and breakdown phenomena under step and lightning impulses in various hydrocarbon liquids[C]//IEEEElectrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,Des Moines,2014:142-145.
[22]Massala G,Lesaint O.Positive streamer propagation in large oil gaps:electrical properties of streamers[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1998,5(3):371-381.
[23]荣命哲,仲林林,王小华,等.平衡态与非平衡态电弧等离子体微观特性计算研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):54-65.Rong Mingzhe,Zhong Linlin,Wang Xiaohua,et al.Review of microscopic property calculation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium arc plasma[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):54-65.
[2]Lesaint O,Saker A,Gournay P,et al.Streamer propagation and breakdown under ac voltage in very large oil gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1998,5(3):351-359.
[3]Liu Qiang,Wang Zhongdong.Streamer characteristic and breakdown in synthetic and natural ester transformer liquids under standard lightning impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2011,18(1):285-294.
[4]Lesaint O.Prebreakdown phenomena in liquids:propagation‘modes’and basic physical properties[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2016,49(14):144001.
[5]Massala G,Lesaint O.A comparison of negative and positive streamers in mineral oil at large gaps[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2001,34(10):1525.
[6]Naidis G V.Positive and negative streamers in air:velocity-diameter relation[J].Physical Review E:Statistical Nonlinear&Soft Matter Physics,2009,79(2):057401.
[7]Dung N V,Hoidalen H K,Linhjell D,et al.Influence of impurities and additives on positive streamers in paraffinic model oil[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2012,19(5):1593-1603.
[8]周游,陈牧天,吕玉珍,等.TiO2纳米粒子对高水分变压器油中电荷输运的影响[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):236-241.Zhou You,Chen Mutian,LüYuzhen,et al.Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on charge transportation of transformer oil with high moisture content.Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):236-241.
[9]Lesaint O,Gournay P.On the gaseous nature of positive filamentary streamers in hydrocarbon liquids.I:Influence of the hydrostatic pressure on the propagation[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1999,27(10):2111.
[10]Pompili M,Mazzetti C,Bartnikas R.PD pulse burst characteristics of transformer oils[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):689-698.
[11]Lesaint O,Tobazeon R.Streamer generation and propagation in transformer oil under AC divergent field conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,2002,23(6):941-954.
[12]Kattan R,Denat A,Lesaint O.Generation,growth,and collapse of vapor bubbles in hydrocarbon liquids under a high divergent electric field[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1989,66(9):4062-4066.
[13]Leighton T.The acoustic bubble[M].London:Academic Press,1994.
[14]应崇福,安宇.声空化气泡内部的高温和高压分布[J].中国科学(A辑),2002,32(4):305-313.Ying Chongfu,An Yu.Distribution of high temperature and high pressure in acoustic bubbles[J].Science of China(A),2002,32(4):305-313.
[15]Gournay P,Lesaint O.A study of the inception of positive streamers in cyclohexane and pentane[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1999,26(11):1966.
[16]Dumitrescu L,Lesaint O,Bonifaci N,et al.Study of streamer inception in cyclohexane with a sensitive charge measurement technique under impulse voltage[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2001,53(2):135-146.
[17]王同磊,张乔根,倪鹤立,等.变压器油中阴极放电起始过程的气泡模型[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2042-2048.Wang Tonglei,Zhang Qiaogen,Ni Heli,et al.Bubble model of breakdown initiation process from cathode in transformer oil[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):2042-2048.
[18]陈兴来.加氢裂化柴油制取45号变压器油[J].润滑油,1995(4):13-15.Chen Xinglai.The production of 45#transformer oil with hydrocracking diesel oil[J].Lubricating Oil.1995(4):13-15.
[19]北京石油设计院.石油化工工艺计算图表[M].北京:烃加工出版社,1985.
[20]Yang Y,Cho Y I,Fridman A.Plasma discharge in liquid:water treatment and applications[M].London:CRC Press,2012.
[21]Denat A,Lesaint O,Mccluskey F.Streamer and breakdown phenomena under step and lightning impulses in various hydrocarbon liquids[C]//IEEEElectrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,Des Moines,2014:142-145.
[22]Massala G,Lesaint O.Positive streamer propagation in large oil gaps:electrical properties of streamers[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1998,5(3):371-381.
[23]荣命哲,仲林林,王小华,等.平衡态与非平衡态电弧等离子体微观特性计算研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):54-65.Rong Mingzhe,Zhong Linlin,Wang Xiaohua,et al.Review of microscopic property calculation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium arc plasma[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):54-65.