多层像素芯片缪子成像装置中芯片位置校正方法研究
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摘要
硅像素互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,CMOS)芯片因具有微米级的位置分辨能力和极高的探测效率等特点,对于径迹精确重建具有举足轻重的作用。通过大面积拼接,能够将硅像素芯片用于μ子成像,但芯片拼接产生的机械误差,以及各层之间的相对位置误差,对μ子重建过程中的位置精度具有明显影响。本文利用μ子通过探测层时产生的观测点,建立了基于μ子径迹直线拟合模型的迭代芯片位置校正算法。通过在GEANT4程序中构建μ子成像探测原型装置,其中包含8个物理探测层,每层拼接了4块硅像素芯片,并添加芯片在x、y方向与旋转角θ三个自由度上的偏移量,模拟了真实情况下的机械误差对重建位置精度的影响。结果显示:该算法可用于芯片真实位置的高精度修正,使芯片位置修正精度小于5μm。
[Background] Benefit by the position resolution at the micro-meter level and the extremely high detection efficiency, complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) pixel sensors were widely used for particle tracking. Pixel sensors have the ability to be assembled on a large scale and can be applied to muon radiography.[Purpose] This study aims to improve the position deviations of the sensors to be less than ten microns to prevent deterioration of the position accuracy for multi-layer muon radiography. [Methods] First of all, an iterative position correction method was established based on cosmic muon tracks fitted by straight line model. Then a muon radiography prototype consisting of 8 physical layers was simulated by using GEANT4 with 4 pixel sensors on each physical layer. Finally, artificial deviation in the x-y plane and rotation angle θ along z axis for all the sensors were introduced to simulate and correcte position deviations of the sensors. [Results] The results show that the precision of position correction is less than 5 μm. [Conclusion] The proposed chip position correction method can be used to correct the real position of the chip with high accuracy.
[Background] Benefit by the position resolution at the micro-meter level and the extremely high detection efficiency, complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) pixel sensors were widely used for particle tracking. Pixel sensors have the ability to be assembled on a large scale and can be applied to muon radiography.[Purpose] This study aims to improve the position deviations of the sensors to be less than ten microns to prevent deterioration of the position accuracy for multi-layer muon radiography. [Methods] First of all, an iterative position correction method was established based on cosmic muon tracks fitted by straight line model. Then a muon radiography prototype consisting of 8 physical layers was simulated by using GEANT4 with 4 pixel sensors on each physical layer. Finally, artificial deviation in the x-y plane and rotation angle θ along z axis for all the sensors were introduced to simulate and correcte position deviations of the sensors. [Results] The results show that the precision of position correction is less than 5 μm. [Conclusion] The proposed chip position correction method can be used to correct the real position of the chip with high accuracy.
引文
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2 Borozdin K N,Hogan G E,Morris C,et al.Surveillance:radiographic imaging with cosmic-ray muons[J].Nature,2003,422(6929):277-277.DOI:10.1038/422277a.
3 Priedhorsky W C,Borozdin K N,Hogan G E,et al.Detection of high-z objects using multiple scattering of cosmic ray muons[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2003,74(10):4294-4297.DOI:10.1063/1.1606536.
4 Pesente S,Vanini S,Benettoni M,et al.First results on material identification and imaging with a large-volume muon tomography prototype[J].Nuclear Instrument and Method A,2009,604(3):738-746.DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2009.03.017.
5 Li Q T,Ye Y L,Ji W,et al.A sub-millimeter spatial resolution achieved by a large sized glass RPC[J].Chinese Physics C,2013,37(1):016002.DOI:10.1088/1674-1137/37/1/016002.
6 Fu M,Tang Z.Preliminary evaluation of Gaussian-doped monolithic active pixel sensors for minimum ionizing particles detection[J].Nuclear Instrument and Method A,2011,646(1):153-157.DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2011.04.052.
7 de Haas A P,Nooren G,Peitzmaan T,et al.The FoCal prototype--an extremely fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter using CMOS pixel sensors[J].Journal of Instrumentations,2018,(13):P01014.DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/P01014.
8 Rinella G A.The ALPIDE pixel sensor chip for the upgrade of the ALICE inner tracking system[J].Nuclear Instrument and Method A,2017,845:583-587.DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.016.
9 Greiner L,Anderssen E,Matis H S,et al.A maps based vertex detector for the star experiment at RHIC[J].Nuclear Instrument and Method A,2011,650(1):68-72.DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.006.
10 Dinh P N,Dung N T,Hieu B D,et al.Measurement of the zenith angle distribution of the cosmic muon flux in Hanoi[J].Nuclear Physics B,2003,661(1):3-16.DOI:10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00337-7.
11 Patrignani C,Agashe K,Aielli G,et al.Particle data group collaboration,review of particle physics[J].Chinese Physics C,2016,40(10):100001.DOI:10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001.
12杨振雷,王晓辉,苏弘,等.一种Flash型FPGA单粒子效应测试方法设计及验证[J].核技术,2015,38(2):020404.DOI:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.020404.YANG Zhenlei,WANG Xiaohui,SU Hong,et al.Design and verification of test method for the single event effect in Flash-based FPGA[J].Nuclear Techniques,2015,38(2):020404.DOI:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.020404.
13 Huang M Y,Pei H,Sun X M,et al.Simulation study of energy resolution with changing pixel size for radon monitor based on Topmetal-II-TPC[J].Nuclear Science and Techniques,2019,30:16.DOI:10.1007/s41365-018-0532-8.