Bio-inspired low-tortuosity carbon host for high-performance lithium-metal anode
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摘要
Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for high-energy-density Li batteries. However,low stability caused by dendrite growth and volume change during cycling hinders its practical application.Herein, we report an ingenious design of bio-inspired low-tortuosity carbon with tunable vertical micro-channels to be used as a host to incorporate nanosized Sn/Ni alloy nucleation sites, which can guide Li metal's plating/stripping and meanwhile accommodate the volume change. The pore sizes of the vertical channels of the carbon host can be regulated to investigate the structure–performance correlation. After compositing Li, the bio-inspired carbon host with the smallest pore size(～14 μm) of vertical channels exhibits the lowest overpotential(～18 mV at 1 mA cm~(-2)), most stable tripping/plating voltage profiles,and best cycling stability(up to 500 cycles) in symmetrical cells. Notably, the carbon/Li composite anode is more rewarding than Li foil when coupled with LiFePO_4 in full cells, exhibiting a much lower polarization effect, better rate capability and higher capacity retention(90.6% after 120 cycles). This novel bio-inspired design of a low-tortuosity carbon host with nanoalloy coatings may open a new avenue for fabricating advanced Li-metal batteries with high performance.
Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for high-energy-density Li batteries. However,low stability caused by dendrite growth and volume change during cycling hinders its practical application.Herein, we report an ingenious design of bio-inspired low-tortuosity carbon with tunable vertical micro-channels to be used as a host to incorporate nanosized Sn/Ni alloy nucleation sites, which can guide Li metal's plating/stripping and meanwhile accommodate the volume change. The pore sizes of the vertical channels of the carbon host can be regulated to investigate the structure–performance correlation. After compositing Li, the bio-inspired carbon host with the smallest pore size(～14 μm) of vertical channels exhibits the lowest overpotential(～18 mV at 1 mA cm~(-2)), most stable tripping/plating voltage profiles,and best cycling stability(up to 500 cycles) in symmetrical cells. Notably, the carbon/Li composite anode is more rewarding than Li foil when coupled with LiFePO_4 in full cells, exhibiting a much lower polarization effect, better rate capability and higher capacity retention(90.6% after 120 cycles). This novel bio-inspired design of a low-tortuosity carbon host with nanoalloy coatings may open a new avenue for fabricating advanced Li-metal batteries with high performance.
Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for high-energy-density Li batteries. However,low stability caused by dendrite growth and volume change during cycling hinders its practical application.Herein, we report an ingenious design of bio-inspired low-tortuosity carbon with tunable vertical micro-channels to be used as a host to incorporate nanosized Sn/Ni alloy nucleation sites, which can guide Li metal's plating/stripping and meanwhile accommodate the volume change. The pore sizes of the vertical channels of the carbon host can be regulated to investigate the structure–performance correlation. After compositing Li, the bio-inspired carbon host with the smallest pore size(～14 μm) of vertical channels exhibits the lowest overpotential(～18 mV at 1 mA cm~(-2)), most stable tripping/plating voltage profiles,and best cycling stability(up to 500 cycles) in symmetrical cells. Notably, the carbon/Li composite anode is more rewarding than Li foil when coupled with LiFePO_4 in full cells, exhibiting a much lower polarization effect, better rate capability and higher capacity retention(90.6% after 120 cycles). This novel bio-inspired design of a low-tortuosity carbon host with nanoalloy coatings may open a new avenue for fabricating advanced Li-metal batteries with high performance.
引文
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2.Choi JW and Aurbach D.Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities.Nat Rev Mater 2016;1:16013.
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5.Tikekar MD,Choudhury S and Tu ZY et al.Design principles for electrolytes and interfaces for stable lithium-metal batteries.Nat Energy 2016;1:16114.
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11.Ding F,Xu W and Graff GL et al.Dendrite-free lithium deposition via self-healing electrostatic shield mechanism.J Am Chem Soc2013;135:4450-6.
12.Guo YP,Li HQ and Zhai TY.Reviving lithium-metal anodes for next-generation high-energy batteries.Adv Mater 2017;29:1700007.
13.Lin DC,Liu YY and Cui Y.Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries.Nat Nanotech 2017;12:194-206.
14.Takeda Y,Yamamoto O and Imanishi N.Lithium dendrite formation on a lithium metal anode from liquid,polymer and solid electrolytes.Electrochemistry 2016;84:210-8.
15.Wang H,Matsui M and Kuwata H et al.A reversible dendritefree high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrode.Nat Commun2017;8:15106.
16.Zhang R,Cheng X-B and Zhao C-Z et al.Conductive nanostructured scaffolds render low local current density to inhibit lithium dendrite growth.Adv Mater 2016;28:2155-62.
17.Xu K.Electrolytes and interphases in Li-ion batteries and beyond.Chem Rev 2014;114:11503-618.
18.Ishikawa M,Yoshitake S and Morita M et al.In situ scanning vibrating electrode technique for the characterization of interface between lithium electrode and electrolytes containing additives.J Electrochem Soc 1994;141:L159-61.
19.Mogi R,Inabaa M and Jeonga S-K et al.Effects of some organic additives on lithium deposition in propylene carbonate.J Electrochem Soc 2002;149:A1578-83.
20.Stark JK,Ding Y and Kohl PA.Dendrite-free electrodeposition and reoxidation of lithium-sodium alloy for metal-anode battery.J Electrochem Soc 2011;158:A1100-5.
21.Suo LM,Hu YS and Li H et al.A new class of solvent-in-salt electrolyte for high-energy rechargeable metallic lithium batteries.Nat Commun 2013;4:1481.
22.Aurbach D,Gofer Y and Langzam J.The correlation between surface chemistry,surface morphology,and cycling efficiency of lithium electrodes in a few polar aprotic systems.J Electrochem Soc 1989;136:3198-205.
23.Ji XL,Lee KT and Nazar LF.A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries.Nat Mater2009;8:500-6.
24.Liang Z,Lin D and Zhao J et al.Composite lithium metal anode by melt infusion of lithium into a 3D conducting scaffold with lithiophilic coating.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2016;113:2862-7.
25.Liu YY,Lin D and Liang Z et al.Lithium-coated polymeric matrix as a minimum volume-change and dendrite-free lithium metal anode.Nat Commun 2016;7:10992.
26.Yang CP,Yin YX and Zhang SF et al.Accommodating lithium into3D current collectors with a submicron skeleton towards longlife lithium metal anodes.Nat Commun 2015;6:8058.
27.Zheng GY,Lee SW and Liang Z et al.Interconnected hollow carbon nanospheres for stable lithium metal anodes.Nat Nanotech2014;9:618-23.
28.Heine J,Kr¨uger S and Hartnig C et al.Coated lithium powder(CLi P)electrodes for lithium-metal batteries.Adv Energy Mater2014;4:1300815.
29.Jin CB,Sheng O and Luo J et al.3D lithium metal embedded within lithiophilic porous matrix for stable lithium metal batteries.Nano Energy 2017;37:177-86.
30.Sander JS,Erb RM and Li L et al.High-performance battery electrodes via magnetic templating.Nat Energy 2016;1:16099.
31.Lu LL,Lu YY and Xiao ZJ et al.Wood-inspired highperformance ultrathick bulk battery electrodes.Adv Mater 2018;30:e1706745.
32.Zhang Y,Luo W and Wang C et al.High-capacity,low-tortuosity,and channel-guided lithium metal anode.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2017;114:3584-9.
33.Zhu HL,Luo W and Ciesielski PN et al.Correction to woodderived materials for green electronics,biological devices,and energy applications.Chem Rev 2016;116:12650.
34.Li J,Guo M and Zhao X.The Relationships between Characterizations of Woods and Forest Environment.Beijing:Science Press,2011.
35.Yu Z-L,Yang N and Zhou LC et al.Bioinspired polymeric woods.Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat7223.
36.Yan K,Lu Z and Lee H-W et al.Selective deposition and stable encapsulation of lithium through heterogeneous seeded growth.Nat Energy 2016;1:16010.
37.Wang SH,Yin Y-X and Zuo T-T et al.Stable Li metal anodes via regulating lithium plating/stripping in vertically aligned microchannels.Adv Mater 2017;29:1703729.
2.Choi JW and Aurbach D.Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities.Nat Rev Mater 2016;1:16013.
3.Goodenough JB and Park KS.The Li-ion rechargeable battery:a perspective.J Am Chem Soc 2013;135:1167-76.
4.Long JW,Dunn B and Rolison DR et al.Three-dimensional battery architectures.Chem Rev 2004;104:4463-92.
5.Tikekar MD,Choudhury S and Tu ZY et al.Design principles for electrolytes and interfaces for stable lithium-metal batteries.Nat Energy 2016;1:16114.
6.Yang CP,Fu K and Zhang Y et al.Protected Lithium-metal anodes in batteries:from liquid to solid.Adv Mater 2017;29:1701169.
7.Kim H,Jeong G and Kim Y-U et al.Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries.Chem Soc Rev 2013;42:9011-34.
8.Liang Z,Zheng G and Liu C et al.Polymer nanofiber-guided uniform lithium deposition for battery electrodes.Nano Lett 2015;15:2910-6.
9.Tarascon JM and Armand M.Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries.Nature 2001;414:359-67.
10.Xu W,Wang J and Ding F et al.Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries.Energy Environ Sci 2014;7:513-37.
11.Ding F,Xu W and Graff GL et al.Dendrite-free lithium deposition via self-healing electrostatic shield mechanism.J Am Chem Soc2013;135:4450-6.
12.Guo YP,Li HQ and Zhai TY.Reviving lithium-metal anodes for next-generation high-energy batteries.Adv Mater 2017;29:1700007.
13.Lin DC,Liu YY and Cui Y.Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries.Nat Nanotech 2017;12:194-206.
14.Takeda Y,Yamamoto O and Imanishi N.Lithium dendrite formation on a lithium metal anode from liquid,polymer and solid electrolytes.Electrochemistry 2016;84:210-8.
15.Wang H,Matsui M and Kuwata H et al.A reversible dendritefree high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrode.Nat Commun2017;8:15106.
16.Zhang R,Cheng X-B and Zhao C-Z et al.Conductive nanostructured scaffolds render low local current density to inhibit lithium dendrite growth.Adv Mater 2016;28:2155-62.
17.Xu K.Electrolytes and interphases in Li-ion batteries and beyond.Chem Rev 2014;114:11503-618.
18.Ishikawa M,Yoshitake S and Morita M et al.In situ scanning vibrating electrode technique for the characterization of interface between lithium electrode and electrolytes containing additives.J Electrochem Soc 1994;141:L159-61.
19.Mogi R,Inabaa M and Jeonga S-K et al.Effects of some organic additives on lithium deposition in propylene carbonate.J Electrochem Soc 2002;149:A1578-83.
20.Stark JK,Ding Y and Kohl PA.Dendrite-free electrodeposition and reoxidation of lithium-sodium alloy for metal-anode battery.J Electrochem Soc 2011;158:A1100-5.
21.Suo LM,Hu YS and Li H et al.A new class of solvent-in-salt electrolyte for high-energy rechargeable metallic lithium batteries.Nat Commun 2013;4:1481.
22.Aurbach D,Gofer Y and Langzam J.The correlation between surface chemistry,surface morphology,and cycling efficiency of lithium electrodes in a few polar aprotic systems.J Electrochem Soc 1989;136:3198-205.
23.Ji XL,Lee KT and Nazar LF.A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries.Nat Mater2009;8:500-6.
24.Liang Z,Lin D and Zhao J et al.Composite lithium metal anode by melt infusion of lithium into a 3D conducting scaffold with lithiophilic coating.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2016;113:2862-7.
25.Liu YY,Lin D and Liang Z et al.Lithium-coated polymeric matrix as a minimum volume-change and dendrite-free lithium metal anode.Nat Commun 2016;7:10992.
26.Yang CP,Yin YX and Zhang SF et al.Accommodating lithium into3D current collectors with a submicron skeleton towards longlife lithium metal anodes.Nat Commun 2015;6:8058.
27.Zheng GY,Lee SW and Liang Z et al.Interconnected hollow carbon nanospheres for stable lithium metal anodes.Nat Nanotech2014;9:618-23.
28.Heine J,Kr¨uger S and Hartnig C et al.Coated lithium powder(CLi P)electrodes for lithium-metal batteries.Adv Energy Mater2014;4:1300815.
29.Jin CB,Sheng O and Luo J et al.3D lithium metal embedded within lithiophilic porous matrix for stable lithium metal batteries.Nano Energy 2017;37:177-86.
30.Sander JS,Erb RM and Li L et al.High-performance battery electrodes via magnetic templating.Nat Energy 2016;1:16099.
31.Lu LL,Lu YY and Xiao ZJ et al.Wood-inspired highperformance ultrathick bulk battery electrodes.Adv Mater 2018;30:e1706745.
32.Zhang Y,Luo W and Wang C et al.High-capacity,low-tortuosity,and channel-guided lithium metal anode.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2017;114:3584-9.
33.Zhu HL,Luo W and Ciesielski PN et al.Correction to woodderived materials for green electronics,biological devices,and energy applications.Chem Rev 2016;116:12650.
34.Li J,Guo M and Zhao X.The Relationships between Characterizations of Woods and Forest Environment.Beijing:Science Press,2011.
35.Yu Z-L,Yang N and Zhou LC et al.Bioinspired polymeric woods.Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat7223.
36.Yan K,Lu Z and Lee H-W et al.Selective deposition and stable encapsulation of lithium through heterogeneous seeded growth.Nat Energy 2016;1:16010.
37.Wang SH,Yin Y-X and Zuo T-T et al.Stable Li metal anodes via regulating lithium plating/stripping in vertically aligned microchannels.Adv Mater 2017;29:1703729.