长沙市引种美国红枫物候期及适应性研究
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摘要
为丰富湖南长沙地区的园林植物资源,对两个美国红枫引进品种十月辉煌和秋焰槭在湖南农业大学校区的主要物候期、生长情况、播种繁殖和抗逆性表现进行比较研究。结果表明:十月辉煌和秋焰槭两个品种的花期在3月,花期6～9d;十月辉煌叶片萌动期和展叶期在4月上旬左右,较秋焰槭分别早1～6d和2～5d;十月辉煌能够形成正常的翅果,果实成熟期在4月,采种后可以进行播种繁殖,而秋焰槭不能形成正常的种子。十月辉煌和秋焰槭的叶片转色期在11月上旬开始,前者色叶景观持续天数在40～49d,后者为18～23d;秋焰槭较十月辉煌叶片全部转色和叶片脱落时间早。通过比较主枝和侧枝1年生枝条长度、胸径、冠幅等表明十月辉煌较秋焰槭生长势强,且在栽培区域无明显病虫害。综上所述,十月辉煌较秋焰槭在长沙市湖南农业大学引种栽培景观效果好,研究结果为美国红枫不同品种的应用提供了实践依据。
In order to enrich the landscape plant resources in Changsha,Hunan province,the main phenological periods,growth,sowing propagation and stress resistance of two introduced American red maple cultivars,October Glory and Autumn Flame maple,were comparatively studied in the campus of Hunan Agricultural University.The results indicated that the flowering period of October Glory and Autumn Flame was in March,and the flowering period was 6-9days.The leaf germination stage and leaf stage of October Glory in early April,earlier than Autumn Flame respectively 1-6dand 2-5d;the samara fruit ripening stage of October Glory was in April,and it could propagate by seeds,while Autumn Flame couldn′t acquire the samara fruit.The leaf changes period of the two cultivars began in early November,and the former color leaf landscape duration was40-49 d,while the latter was 18-23d;the Autumn Flame of leaf changes period,leaf changes and leaf fall off time began earlier than October Glory.By comparing the length of a year main branch and lateral branch,DBH,crown diameter,and other data indicated that the growth of October Glory was stronger than that of Autumn Flame,and no obvious diseases and pests were found in the cultivated area.To sum up,the effect of landscape in October Glory was better than that of Autumn Flame.The results provide practical basis on different varieties of Acer rubrumfor the landscape application.
In order to enrich the landscape plant resources in Changsha,Hunan province,the main phenological periods,growth,sowing propagation and stress resistance of two introduced American red maple cultivars,October Glory and Autumn Flame maple,were comparatively studied in the campus of Hunan Agricultural University.The results indicated that the flowering period of October Glory and Autumn Flame was in March,and the flowering period was 6-9days.The leaf germination stage and leaf stage of October Glory in early April,earlier than Autumn Flame respectively 1-6dand 2-5d;the samara fruit ripening stage of October Glory was in April,and it could propagate by seeds,while Autumn Flame couldn′t acquire the samara fruit.The leaf changes period of the two cultivars began in early November,and the former color leaf landscape duration was40-49 d,while the latter was 18-23d;the Autumn Flame of leaf changes period,leaf changes and leaf fall off time began earlier than October Glory.By comparing the length of a year main branch and lateral branch,DBH,crown diameter,and other data indicated that the growth of October Glory was stronger than that of Autumn Flame,and no obvious diseases and pests were found in the cultivated area.To sum up,the effect of landscape in October Glory was better than that of Autumn Flame.The results provide practical basis on different varieties of Acer rubrumfor the landscape application.
引文
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[13]李力,刘玉民,王敏,等.3种北美红枫对持续高温干旱胁迫的生理响应机制[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6471-6480.
[14]胡秀琴,胡军,甘海珊,等.北美枫香在河南信阳的引种栽培试验[J].安徽农业科学,2016(2):200-201.
[15]肖婷婷,刘广林,张鑫,等.不同光照度对美国红枫幼苗生长和叶色变化的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(3):220-223.
[16]匡政成,曾潜,赵燕,等.生长素响应报告基因转化棉花及GUS检测[J].棉花学报,2014,26(4):350-355.
[17] Meir S,Lers A.Microarray analysis of the abscission-related transcriptome in the tomato flower abscission zone in response to auxin depletion[J].Plant Signaling&Behavior,2011,154(4):1929-56.
[18] Gilamado J A,Gomezjimenez M C.Regulation of polyamine metabolism and biosynthetic gene expression during olive mature-fruit abscission[J].Planta,2012,235(6):1221-1237.
[19]高欣欣,刘少春,张跃彬,等.植物器官脱落相关激素和酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(33):17-21.
[2]戚拥军,隗军锋,李进章.美国红枫[J].园林,2004(3):59.
[3]董转年,方乐金,张睿,等.红枫的不同繁殖方法比较[J].湖南农业科学,2011(5):114-115.
[4]雷伟成,沈波.红枫的繁殖与栽培研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2009(13):194-196.
[5]邢祥胜.美国红枫观赏品种的引进与选育[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[6]Gilman E F,Watson D G.Acer rubrum ‘October Glory’:‘October Glory’Red Maple[J].Florida Sea Grant College Program,UF/IFAS Extension,2014(2):1-3.
[7]高焕章,赵振军,王斌成,等.美国红枫不同品种秋色叶变化过程的观察[J].北方园艺,2013(19):83-86.
[8]杨嫩菊.秋色叶树种变色机理及应用[J].河南林业,2002(4):27-28.
[9]陈继卫,沈朝栋,贾玉芳,等.红枫秋冬转色期叶色变化的生理特性[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010,36(2):181.
[10]杨羚.环境因子对紫叶加拿大紫荆生长及叶色变化的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[11] Kramerand K W.Autumn and winter garden[M].London:London Press,1992(9):96-99.
[12]陈继卫,沈朝栋,贾玉芳,等.红枫秋冬转色期叶色变化的生理特性[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010(2):67-72.
[13]李力,刘玉民,王敏,等.3种北美红枫对持续高温干旱胁迫的生理响应机制[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6471-6480.
[14]胡秀琴,胡军,甘海珊,等.北美枫香在河南信阳的引种栽培试验[J].安徽农业科学,2016(2):200-201.
[15]肖婷婷,刘广林,张鑫,等.不同光照度对美国红枫幼苗生长和叶色变化的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(3):220-223.
[16]匡政成,曾潜,赵燕,等.生长素响应报告基因转化棉花及GUS检测[J].棉花学报,2014,26(4):350-355.
[17] Meir S,Lers A.Microarray analysis of the abscission-related transcriptome in the tomato flower abscission zone in response to auxin depletion[J].Plant Signaling&Behavior,2011,154(4):1929-56.
[18] Gilamado J A,Gomezjimenez M C.Regulation of polyamine metabolism and biosynthetic gene expression during olive mature-fruit abscission[J].Planta,2012,235(6):1221-1237.
[19]高欣欣,刘少春,张跃彬,等.植物器官脱落相关激素和酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(33):17-21.