在华外资研发与区域自主创新的生态共演研究
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摘要
基于生态观的技术创新范式已为学界所认可,而跨国公司全球研发战略及研发本地化则有利于区域创新生态的形成、转型与升级。对外资企业在华研发网络布局进行调研;借助质化研究及扎根理论分析,通过数据的三级编码提炼出在华外资研发生态网络特征、生态嵌入及其与自主创新生态依存共生、协同演进的核心范畴;揭示了外资研发克服约束条件实现产业生态、商业生态和文化生态嵌入的路径;构建外资研发生态与区域自主创新生态的共演模型,刻画区域创新生态系统"双重子系统"协同演化的内在规律。提出有助于研发机构网络管理及政府生态创新政策优化的对策建议。
The conception of ecosystem has widely considered to be a new model of technology innovation. Multinational enterprises' worldwide R&D strategies and R&D location have a positive impact on the formation,transformation and evolution of regional independent innovation ecosystem. The paper carries out an investigation about the foreign capital institutes countrywide in China. Tour core categories that can indicate the characteristics of the internal networks,the ecological embeddedness,co-dependence,and co-evolution with regional independent innovation ecosystem are proposed utilizing qualitative research grounded theory with three-steps encoding data. This explores the main path of embeddedness achieved by industrial ecosystem,business ecosystem and culture ecosystem overcoming some constrains. Then a model of co-evolution between foreign capital R&D ecosystem and regional independent innovation ecosystem is designed. It can describe the internal regularities of the doubled-systems' co-evolution. Suggestions proposed by the paper will help in both the institutes' management of networks and government's policies optimal design of regional innovation ecosystem.
The conception of ecosystem has widely considered to be a new model of technology innovation. Multinational enterprises' worldwide R&D strategies and R&D location have a positive impact on the formation,transformation and evolution of regional independent innovation ecosystem. The paper carries out an investigation about the foreign capital institutes countrywide in China. Tour core categories that can indicate the characteristics of the internal networks,the ecological embeddedness,co-dependence,and co-evolution with regional independent innovation ecosystem are proposed utilizing qualitative research grounded theory with three-steps encoding data. This explores the main path of embeddedness achieved by industrial ecosystem,business ecosystem and culture ecosystem overcoming some constrains. Then a model of co-evolution between foreign capital R&D ecosystem and regional independent innovation ecosystem is designed. It can describe the internal regularities of the doubled-systems' co-evolution. Suggestions proposed by the paper will help in both the institutes' management of networks and government's policies optimal design of regional innovation ecosystem.
引文
[1]王凯,邹晓东.由国家创新系统到区域创新生态系统—产学协同创新研究的新视域[J].自然辩证法研究,2016,32(9):97-101.
[2]David Tamoschus,Christoph Hienerth,Monika Less.Developing a Framework to Manage a Pharmaceutical Innovation Ecosystem:Collaboration Archetypes,Open Innovation Rools,and Strategies[C].Santa Clara,CA,Silicon Valley,2ndWorld Open Innovation Conference,2015.
[3]Jolly D,Placci F M.The winding path for foreign companies:Building R&D centers in China[J].Journal of Business Strategy,2016,37(2):3-11.
[4]赵放,曾国屏.多重视角下的创新生态系统[J].科学学研究,2014,32(12):1781-1796.
[5]Deborah J.Jackson.What is an innovation ecosystem[EB/OL].National Science Foundation,Arlington,VA(2011):http://www.erc-assoc.org/docs/innovation_ecosystem.pdf.
[6]柳卸林,孙海鹰,马雪梅.基于创新生态观的科技管理模式[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(1):18
[7]Sandberg J,et al.Balancing diversity in innovation networks:Trading zones in university-industry R&D collaboration[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2015,18(1):44-69.
[8]Jung K,Andrew S.Building R&D collaboration between university-research institutes and small medium-sized enterprises[J].International Journal of Social Economics,2014,41(12):1174-1193.
[9]Oksanen K,Hautamaki A,Center A.Transforming regions into innovation ecosystems:A model for renewing local industrial structures[J].The Innovation Journal:The Public Sector Innovation Journal,2014,19(2):1-17.
[10]Engler J,Kusiak A.Modeling an innovation ecosystem with adaptive agents[J].International Journal of Innovation Science,2011,3(2):55-66.
[11]Zhou J,Nieminen M.Resource-based co-innovation through platform ecosystem:Experiences of mobile payment innovation in China[J].Journal of Strategy and management,2015,8(3):283-298.
[12]祝影,史晓佩.中国工业外资研发与自主创新的耦合协调发展研究[J].管理学报,2016,(1):106-114.
[13]罗伟,葛顺奇.跨国公司进入与中国自主研发:来自制造企业的证据[J].世界经济,2015,(12):30-53.
[14]余珮,陈虹.中西部地区嵌入跨国公司研发环节的潜力和方式研究[J].经济学家,2013,(11):58-67.
[15]张战仁,杜德斌.跨国研发投资与中国发展影响研究——基于中国创新自主发展基础的面板联立方程分析[J].地理科学,2015,35(8):976-983.
[16]白俊红,吕晓红.自主研发、协同创新与外资引进—来自中国地区工业企业的经验证据[J].财贸经济,2014,(11):89-100.
[17]盛垒.外资研发是否促进了我国自主创新?——一个基于中国行业面板数据的研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(10):1571-1581.
[18]任静,刘丽军,宋敏.跨国公司在我国农业领域的技术锁定策略与对策研究[J].中国软科学,2012,(1):39-46.
[19]冼国明,孙江永.外商直接投资的挤入、挤出效应——基于外资不同来源地和中国地区差异的视角[J].世界经济研究,2009,(8):42-49.
[20]张文红,等.外部研发机构联系能否提升企业创新?——跨界搜索的中介作用[J].科学学研究,2014,32(2):289-296.
[21]朱顺林.逆向嵌入国际研发网络:民营企业自主创新能力培育的有效路径[J].经济体制改革,2011,(5):93-97.
[22]Nieto M J,Santamaria L.The importance of diverse collaborative networks for the novelty of product innovation[J].Technovation,2007,27:367-377.
[23]王建华,卓雅玲.全球研发网络、结构化镶嵌与跨国公司知识产权保护策略[J].科学学研究,2016,34(7):1017-1026.
[24]陈关聚,安立仁.外资企业在华研发机构创新效率研究[J].中国软科学,2015,(3):117-126.
[25]解茹玉,陈关聚,安立仁.美资在华设立研发机构的战略动因与技术溢出[J].中国科技论坛,2017,(1):172-178.
[26]Andersen K V.The problem of embeddedness revisited:Collaboration and market types[J].Research Policy,2013,42:139-148.
[27]徐建中,曲小瑜.基于扎根理论的装备制造企业环境技术创新行为驱动因素的质化研究[J].管理评论,2014,26(10):90-33.
[28]陈忠卫.质化研究与量化研究的范式差异及融合趋势——兼论在管理学界的应用[J].管理学家(学术版),2012,(3):3-12.
[29]邱国栋,马巧慧.企业制度创新与技术创新的内生耦合——以韩国现代与中国吉利为样本的跨案例研究[J].中国软科学,2013,(12):94-113.
[30]刘凤朝,马逸群.华为、三星研发国际化模式演化比较研究——基于USPTO专利数据的分析[J].科研管理,2015,36(10):11-18.
[31]Fukuda K,Watanabe C.Japanese and US perspectives on the national innovation ecosystem[J].Technology in Society,2008,30:49-63.
(1)注:本文研究及调研对象不包括港澳台地区在大陆地区投资的研发机构。
[2]David Tamoschus,Christoph Hienerth,Monika Less.Developing a Framework to Manage a Pharmaceutical Innovation Ecosystem:Collaboration Archetypes,Open Innovation Rools,and Strategies[C].Santa Clara,CA,Silicon Valley,2ndWorld Open Innovation Conference,2015.
[3]Jolly D,Placci F M.The winding path for foreign companies:Building R&D centers in China[J].Journal of Business Strategy,2016,37(2):3-11.
[4]赵放,曾国屏.多重视角下的创新生态系统[J].科学学研究,2014,32(12):1781-1796.
[5]Deborah J.Jackson.What is an innovation ecosystem[EB/OL].National Science Foundation,Arlington,VA(2011):http://www.erc-assoc.org/docs/innovation_ecosystem.pdf.
[6]柳卸林,孙海鹰,马雪梅.基于创新生态观的科技管理模式[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(1):18
[7]Sandberg J,et al.Balancing diversity in innovation networks:Trading zones in university-industry R&D collaboration[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2015,18(1):44-69.
[8]Jung K,Andrew S.Building R&D collaboration between university-research institutes and small medium-sized enterprises[J].International Journal of Social Economics,2014,41(12):1174-1193.
[9]Oksanen K,Hautamaki A,Center A.Transforming regions into innovation ecosystems:A model for renewing local industrial structures[J].The Innovation Journal:The Public Sector Innovation Journal,2014,19(2):1-17.
[10]Engler J,Kusiak A.Modeling an innovation ecosystem with adaptive agents[J].International Journal of Innovation Science,2011,3(2):55-66.
[11]Zhou J,Nieminen M.Resource-based co-innovation through platform ecosystem:Experiences of mobile payment innovation in China[J].Journal of Strategy and management,2015,8(3):283-298.
[12]祝影,史晓佩.中国工业外资研发与自主创新的耦合协调发展研究[J].管理学报,2016,(1):106-114.
[13]罗伟,葛顺奇.跨国公司进入与中国自主研发:来自制造企业的证据[J].世界经济,2015,(12):30-53.
[14]余珮,陈虹.中西部地区嵌入跨国公司研发环节的潜力和方式研究[J].经济学家,2013,(11):58-67.
[15]张战仁,杜德斌.跨国研发投资与中国发展影响研究——基于中国创新自主发展基础的面板联立方程分析[J].地理科学,2015,35(8):976-983.
[16]白俊红,吕晓红.自主研发、协同创新与外资引进—来自中国地区工业企业的经验证据[J].财贸经济,2014,(11):89-100.
[17]盛垒.外资研发是否促进了我国自主创新?——一个基于中国行业面板数据的研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(10):1571-1581.
[18]任静,刘丽军,宋敏.跨国公司在我国农业领域的技术锁定策略与对策研究[J].中国软科学,2012,(1):39-46.
[19]冼国明,孙江永.外商直接投资的挤入、挤出效应——基于外资不同来源地和中国地区差异的视角[J].世界经济研究,2009,(8):42-49.
[20]张文红,等.外部研发机构联系能否提升企业创新?——跨界搜索的中介作用[J].科学学研究,2014,32(2):289-296.
[21]朱顺林.逆向嵌入国际研发网络:民营企业自主创新能力培育的有效路径[J].经济体制改革,2011,(5):93-97.
[22]Nieto M J,Santamaria L.The importance of diverse collaborative networks for the novelty of product innovation[J].Technovation,2007,27:367-377.
[23]王建华,卓雅玲.全球研发网络、结构化镶嵌与跨国公司知识产权保护策略[J].科学学研究,2016,34(7):1017-1026.
[24]陈关聚,安立仁.外资企业在华研发机构创新效率研究[J].中国软科学,2015,(3):117-126.
[25]解茹玉,陈关聚,安立仁.美资在华设立研发机构的战略动因与技术溢出[J].中国科技论坛,2017,(1):172-178.
[26]Andersen K V.The problem of embeddedness revisited:Collaboration and market types[J].Research Policy,2013,42:139-148.
[27]徐建中,曲小瑜.基于扎根理论的装备制造企业环境技术创新行为驱动因素的质化研究[J].管理评论,2014,26(10):90-33.
[28]陈忠卫.质化研究与量化研究的范式差异及融合趋势——兼论在管理学界的应用[J].管理学家(学术版),2012,(3):3-12.
[29]邱国栋,马巧慧.企业制度创新与技术创新的内生耦合——以韩国现代与中国吉利为样本的跨案例研究[J].中国软科学,2013,(12):94-113.
[30]刘凤朝,马逸群.华为、三星研发国际化模式演化比较研究——基于USPTO专利数据的分析[J].科研管理,2015,36(10):11-18.
[31]Fukuda K,Watanabe C.Japanese and US perspectives on the national innovation ecosystem[J].Technology in Society,2008,30:49-63.
(1)注:本文研究及调研对象不包括港澳台地区在大陆地区投资的研发机构。