摘要
以生态系统为基础的海岛综合管理正成为当今全球海岛保护管理的发展趋势,健康的海岛生态系统是国家生态安全的重要组成部分。文章以人地关系紧张、生态系统变化剧烈的圣地亚哥岛为对象,通过分析岛屿生物资源、生态系统和干扰机制的变化,研究圣地亚哥岛生态系统的保护与管理问题。圣地亚哥岛生态保护树立岛上普通公民、政治家、投资者或开发商等多重身份理念,通过引入基于利益相关者的心理模型,实现岛屿生态系统保护与管理的契约化、问责制、有偿性。协商管理是其岛屿资源保护的主要方法,识别当前和潜在价值(保护、生产、观赏等)、价值表征及制定评价标准的能力是构成综合管理支撑体系的三个基本要素。我国要借鉴圣地亚哥岛生态系统管理的有益经验,实施基于生态系统的海岛综合管理、推动公众和社区广泛参与海岛保护、构建海岛保护的决策与管理评价体系、建立基于生态系统的海岛管理运行机制,进一步推动海岛生态文明建设,还海岛以宁静、和谐、美丽。
The ecosystem-based integrated island management is becoming the development trend of today's global island protection and management. Healthy island ecosystem is an important part of national ecological security. Here, we studied the densely populated Santiago island and analyzed the island's biogenetic and ecosystem resources, as well as the disturbances, and explored the ecosystem conservation and management issues in Santiago island. The ecological protection in Santiago Island established a multi-identity concept of ordinary citizen, politician, investor or developer. To realize the contractualization, the accountability, and the compensation of ecological protection and management in island, a stakeholder-based mental model was introduced. The negotiation management is the main way of the island resource protection. Moreover, the abilities to identify the current and potential values(protection, production, viewing,etc.), to identify the value characteristic, and to establish the evaluation criteria were three foundational elements for making up an integrated management supporting system. China could learn from the useful experience of ecosystem management in Santiago Island, including conducting the ecosystem-based integrated management, promoting the public participation in island protection, constructing the evaluation and management system of island protection, and establishing an ecosystem-based island management operation mechanism, to further promote the ecological civilization construction of island and return the island with tranquility, harmony, and beauty.
引文
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