Crystal orientation and morphology of a lamellae in wrought titanium alloys: On the role of microstructure evolution in b processing
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摘要
To obtain high-quality aviation forgings of titanium alloys, b forging is an essential processing step which must be considered throughout a production process. In this work, the effect of b forging on the crystal orientation and morphology of lamellar a was experimentally investigated in a two-phase titanium alloy. Strong dynamic recovery during b working resulted in the formation of low-angle grain boundary(LAGBb) inside b grains. The lamellar a can penetrate through the LAGBb, leading to similar intra a LAGBs on subgrain boundaries. Deformation banding occurs at high strain rates, and both diffusive and sharp boundaries of deformation bands can be observed.A continuous change of the b orientation in diffusive boundaries results in the formation of fine and disordered a lamellae without intra-lamellar boundary to hold the Burgers orientation relationship(OR). On sharp boundaries, it is prone to producing continuous grain boundary a(aGB) with a highly similar orientation along the boundaries. Meanwhile, there may exist several lower-angle boundaries within the grain boundary a for a smoother orientation change on the b grain boundary.
To obtain high-quality aviation forgings of titanium alloys, b forging is an essential processing step which must be considered throughout a production process. In this work, the effect of b forging on the crystal orientation and morphology of lamellar a was experimentally investigated in a two-phase titanium alloy. Strong dynamic recovery during b working resulted in the formation of low-angle grain boundary(LAGBb) inside b grains. The lamellar a can penetrate through the LAGBb, leading to similar intra a LAGBs on subgrain boundaries. Deformation banding occurs at high strain rates, and both diffusive and sharp boundaries of deformation bands can be observed.A continuous change of the b orientation in diffusive boundaries results in the formation of fine and disordered a lamellae without intra-lamellar boundary to hold the Burgers orientation relationship(OR). On sharp boundaries, it is prone to producing continuous grain boundary a(aGB) with a highly similar orientation along the boundaries. Meanwhile, there may exist several lower-angle boundaries within the grain boundary a for a smoother orientation change on the b grain boundary.
To obtain high-quality aviation forgings of titanium alloys, b forging is an essential processing step which must be considered throughout a production process. In this work, the effect of b forging on the crystal orientation and morphology of lamellar a was experimentally investigated in a two-phase titanium alloy. Strong dynamic recovery during b working resulted in the formation of low-angle grain boundary(LAGBb) inside b grains. The lamellar a can penetrate through the LAGBb, leading to similar intra a LAGBs on subgrain boundaries. Deformation banding occurs at high strain rates, and both diffusive and sharp boundaries of deformation bands can be observed.A continuous change of the b orientation in diffusive boundaries results in the formation of fine and disordered a lamellae without intra-lamellar boundary to hold the Burgers orientation relationship(OR). On sharp boundaries, it is prone to producing continuous grain boundary a(aGB) with a highly similar orientation along the boundaries. Meanwhile, there may exist several lower-angle boundaries within the grain boundary a for a smoother orientation change on the b grain boundary.
引文
1.Lutjering G,Williams JC.Titanium.Berlin Heidelberg:SpringerVerlag;2007.p.15-50.
2.Guo LG,Fan XG,Yu GF,Yang H.Microstructure control techniques in primary hot working of titanium alloy bars:a review.Chin J Aeronaut 2016;29(1):30-40.
3.Banerjee D,Williams JC.Perspectives on titanium science and technology.Acta Mater 2013;61(3):844-79.
4.Fan XG,Yang H,Gao PF,Zuo R,Lei PH.The role of dynamic and post dynamic recrystallization on microstructure refinement in primary working of a coarse grained two-phase titanium alloy.JMater Process Technol 2016;234:290-9.
5.Song HW,Zhang SH,Cheng M.Dynamic globularization kinetics during hot working of a two phase titanium alloy with a colony alpha microstructure.J Alloys Comp 2009;480(2):922-7.
6.Zhao AM,Yang H,Fan XG,Gao PF,Zuo R,Meng M.The flow behavior and microstructure evolution during(a+b)deformation of b wrought TA15 titanium alloy.Mater Des2016;109:112-22.
7.Zherebtsov S,Murzinova M,Salishchev G,Semiatin SL.Spheroidization of the lamellar microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V alloy during warm deformation and annealing.Acta Mater 2011;59(10):4138-50.
8.Mironov S,Murzinova M,Zherebtsov S,Salishchev GA,Semiatinet SL.Microstructure evolution during warm working of Ti-6Al-4V with a colony-a microstructure.Acta Mater 2009;57(8):2470-81.
9.Sun ZC,Zhang J,Yang H,Wu HL.Effect of workpiece size on microstructure evolution of different regions for TA15 Ti-alloy isothermal near b-forging by local loading.J Mater Process Tech2015;222:234-43.
10.Jun TS,Armstrong DEJ,Brittona TB.A nanoindentation investigation of local strain rate sensitivity in dual-phase Ti alloys.J Alloys Comp 2016;672:282-91.
11.Zou C-H,Zhou Q,Wang L.A step deformation method for superplasticity improvement of coarse-grained Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al.Chin J Aeronaut 2018;31(7):1619-24.
12.Dikovits M,Polettl C,Warchomicka F.Deformation mechanisms in the Near-b titanium alloy Ti-55531.Metall Mater Trans A2014;45(3):1586-96.
13.Ning YQ,Luo X,Liang HQ,Guo HZ,Zhang JL,Tan K.Competition between dynamic recovery and recrystallization during hot deformation for TC18 titanium alloy.Mater Sci Eng A 2015;635:77-85.
14.Liang H,Guo H,Ning Y,et al.Dynamic recrystallization behavior of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy.Mater Des2014;63:798-804.
15.Kumar J,Singh V,Ghosal P,Kumar V.Characterization of fracture and deformation mechanism in a high strength beta titanium alloy Ti-10-2-3 using EBSD technique.Mater Sci Eng A2015;623:49-58.
16.Maatsumoto H,Kitamura M,Li Y,Koizumi Y,Chiba C.Hot forging characteristic of Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr alloy with single metastable b microstructure.Mater Sci Eng A 2014;611:337-44.
17.Wang K,Lu SQ,Fu MW,Dong XJ.Optimization of b/near-b forging process parameters of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si by using processing maps.Mater Charact 2009;60(6):492-8.
18.Teixeira JDC,Appolaire B,Gautier EA,Denis S,Bruneseaux F.Modeling of the effect of the b phase deformation on the b phase precipitation in near-b titanium alloys.Acta Mater 2006;54(16):4261-71.
19.He D,Zhu JC,Zaefferer S,et al.Influences of deformation strain,strain rate and cooling rate on the Burgers orientation relationship and variants morphology during b?a phase transformation in a neara titanium alloy.Mater Sci Eng A 2012;549:20-9.
20.Zhao ZB,Wang QJ,Hu QM.Effect of b(110)texture intensity on a-variant selection and microstructure morphology during b?a phase transformation in near a titanium alloy.Acta Mater2017;126:372-82.
21.Shi R,Dixit V,Fraser HL,Wang Y.Variant selection of grain boundary a by special prior b grain boundaries in titanium alloys.Acta Mater 2014;75:156-66.
22.Humphreys FJ,Hatherly M.Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena.2004.p.11-43.
23.Liu Q,Hansen N.Macroscopic and microscopic subdivision of a cold-rolled aluminium single crystal of cubic orientation.Proc RSoc Lond A 1998;454:2555-91.
24.Ning YQ,Xie BC,Liang HQ,et al.Dynamic softening behavior of TC18 titanium alloy during hot deformation.Mater Des2015;71:68-77.
25.Bohemen SMC,Kamp A,Petrov RH,Kestens LAI,Sietsma J.Nucleation and variant selection of secondary a plates in a b Ti alloy.Acta Mater 2008;56(20):5907-14.
26.Qin DY,Lu YF,Guo DZ,et al.Tensile deformation and fracture of Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-1.5Zr-0.5Fe alloy at room temperature.Mater Sci Eng A 2013;587:100-9.
27.Furuhara T,Takagi S,Watanabe H,Maki T.Crystallography of grain boundary a precipitates in a b titanium alloy.Metall Mater Trans A 1996;27(6):1635-46.
28.Liu T,Germain L,Teixeira J,Aeby-Gautier E,Gey N.Hierarchical criteria to promote fast and selective a GB precipitation at b grain boundaries in b-metastable Ti-alloys.Acta Mater2017;141:97-108.
29.Wang SC,Aindow M,Starink MJ.Effect of self-accommodation on a/a boundary populations in pure titanium.Acta Mater2003;51(9):2485-503.
30.Song HW,Zhang SH,Cheng M.Subtransus deformation mechanisms of TC11 titanium alloy with lamellar structure.Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 2010;20(11):2168-73.
31.Lee E,Banerjee R,Kar S,Bhattacharyya D,Fraser HL.Selection of a variants during microstructural evolution in a/b titanium alloys.Phil Mag 2007;87(24):3615-27.
2.Guo LG,Fan XG,Yu GF,Yang H.Microstructure control techniques in primary hot working of titanium alloy bars:a review.Chin J Aeronaut 2016;29(1):30-40.
3.Banerjee D,Williams JC.Perspectives on titanium science and technology.Acta Mater 2013;61(3):844-79.
4.Fan XG,Yang H,Gao PF,Zuo R,Lei PH.The role of dynamic and post dynamic recrystallization on microstructure refinement in primary working of a coarse grained two-phase titanium alloy.JMater Process Technol 2016;234:290-9.
5.Song HW,Zhang SH,Cheng M.Dynamic globularization kinetics during hot working of a two phase titanium alloy with a colony alpha microstructure.J Alloys Comp 2009;480(2):922-7.
6.Zhao AM,Yang H,Fan XG,Gao PF,Zuo R,Meng M.The flow behavior and microstructure evolution during(a+b)deformation of b wrought TA15 titanium alloy.Mater Des2016;109:112-22.
7.Zherebtsov S,Murzinova M,Salishchev G,Semiatin SL.Spheroidization of the lamellar microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V alloy during warm deformation and annealing.Acta Mater 2011;59(10):4138-50.
8.Mironov S,Murzinova M,Zherebtsov S,Salishchev GA,Semiatinet SL.Microstructure evolution during warm working of Ti-6Al-4V with a colony-a microstructure.Acta Mater 2009;57(8):2470-81.
9.Sun ZC,Zhang J,Yang H,Wu HL.Effect of workpiece size on microstructure evolution of different regions for TA15 Ti-alloy isothermal near b-forging by local loading.J Mater Process Tech2015;222:234-43.
10.Jun TS,Armstrong DEJ,Brittona TB.A nanoindentation investigation of local strain rate sensitivity in dual-phase Ti alloys.J Alloys Comp 2016;672:282-91.
11.Zou C-H,Zhou Q,Wang L.A step deformation method for superplasticity improvement of coarse-grained Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al.Chin J Aeronaut 2018;31(7):1619-24.
12.Dikovits M,Polettl C,Warchomicka F.Deformation mechanisms in the Near-b titanium alloy Ti-55531.Metall Mater Trans A2014;45(3):1586-96.
13.Ning YQ,Luo X,Liang HQ,Guo HZ,Zhang JL,Tan K.Competition between dynamic recovery and recrystallization during hot deformation for TC18 titanium alloy.Mater Sci Eng A 2015;635:77-85.
14.Liang H,Guo H,Ning Y,et al.Dynamic recrystallization behavior of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy.Mater Des2014;63:798-804.
15.Kumar J,Singh V,Ghosal P,Kumar V.Characterization of fracture and deformation mechanism in a high strength beta titanium alloy Ti-10-2-3 using EBSD technique.Mater Sci Eng A2015;623:49-58.
16.Maatsumoto H,Kitamura M,Li Y,Koizumi Y,Chiba C.Hot forging characteristic of Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr alloy with single metastable b microstructure.Mater Sci Eng A 2014;611:337-44.
17.Wang K,Lu SQ,Fu MW,Dong XJ.Optimization of b/near-b forging process parameters of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si by using processing maps.Mater Charact 2009;60(6):492-8.
18.Teixeira JDC,Appolaire B,Gautier EA,Denis S,Bruneseaux F.Modeling of the effect of the b phase deformation on the b phase precipitation in near-b titanium alloys.Acta Mater 2006;54(16):4261-71.
19.He D,Zhu JC,Zaefferer S,et al.Influences of deformation strain,strain rate and cooling rate on the Burgers orientation relationship and variants morphology during b?a phase transformation in a neara titanium alloy.Mater Sci Eng A 2012;549:20-9.
20.Zhao ZB,Wang QJ,Hu QM.Effect of b(110)texture intensity on a-variant selection and microstructure morphology during b?a phase transformation in near a titanium alloy.Acta Mater2017;126:372-82.
21.Shi R,Dixit V,Fraser HL,Wang Y.Variant selection of grain boundary a by special prior b grain boundaries in titanium alloys.Acta Mater 2014;75:156-66.
22.Humphreys FJ,Hatherly M.Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena.2004.p.11-43.
23.Liu Q,Hansen N.Macroscopic and microscopic subdivision of a cold-rolled aluminium single crystal of cubic orientation.Proc RSoc Lond A 1998;454:2555-91.
24.Ning YQ,Xie BC,Liang HQ,et al.Dynamic softening behavior of TC18 titanium alloy during hot deformation.Mater Des2015;71:68-77.
25.Bohemen SMC,Kamp A,Petrov RH,Kestens LAI,Sietsma J.Nucleation and variant selection of secondary a plates in a b Ti alloy.Acta Mater 2008;56(20):5907-14.
26.Qin DY,Lu YF,Guo DZ,et al.Tensile deformation and fracture of Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-1.5Zr-0.5Fe alloy at room temperature.Mater Sci Eng A 2013;587:100-9.
27.Furuhara T,Takagi S,Watanabe H,Maki T.Crystallography of grain boundary a precipitates in a b titanium alloy.Metall Mater Trans A 1996;27(6):1635-46.
28.Liu T,Germain L,Teixeira J,Aeby-Gautier E,Gey N.Hierarchical criteria to promote fast and selective a GB precipitation at b grain boundaries in b-metastable Ti-alloys.Acta Mater2017;141:97-108.
29.Wang SC,Aindow M,Starink MJ.Effect of self-accommodation on a/a boundary populations in pure titanium.Acta Mater2003;51(9):2485-503.
30.Song HW,Zhang SH,Cheng M.Subtransus deformation mechanisms of TC11 titanium alloy with lamellar structure.Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 2010;20(11):2168-73.
31.Lee E,Banerjee R,Kar S,Bhattacharyya D,Fraser HL.Selection of a variants during microstructural evolution in a/b titanium alloys.Phil Mag 2007;87(24):3615-27.