钠离子电池正极复合材料Na_(0.44)MnO_2/石墨烯的合成与性能（英文）
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摘要
本文通过水热法合成了Na_(0.44)MnO_2纳米棒,并系统地研究和优化了合成该材料的实验参数。实验结果表明,在200℃下,水热反应16h获得的Na_(0.44)MnO_2纳米棒展现了最好的电化学性能。在2.0～4.0V的电压窗口,50mA/g电流密度下,该材料具有110.7mA?h/g的初始放电比容量,循环100周后的容量保持率为74.7%。为了进一步提高该材料的电化学性能,将石墨烯与其混合球磨,得到了Na_(0.44)MnO_2/石墨烯复合材料。在50mA/g电流密度下,该复合材料首次放电比容量为106.9mA?h/g,100周循环后,放电比容量仍保持为91.8mA?h/g,容量保持率为85.9%。此外,当电流密度提高到500和1000 mA/g时,该复合材料分别具有89和78 mA?h/g的放电比容量。与石墨烯复合,Na_(0.44)MnO_2材料的循环性能与倍率性能得到了显著提高。
Na_(0.44)MnO_2 nanorods have been prepared by a hydrothermal method. The experimental parameters have been systematically investigated and optimized. The results show that Na_(0.44)MnO_2 nanorods obtained via the hydrothermal treatment at 200 ℃ for 16 h show the best electrochemical properties, which deliver the high initial discharge capacity of 110.7 mA?h/g at 50 mA/g in potential window 2.0-4.0 V. To further improve their electrochemical properties, a ball milling process with graphene has been carried out to obtain Na_(0.44)MnO_2/graphene composite. The initial discharge capacity of Na_(0.44)MnO_2/graphene composite is 106.9 mA?h/g at a current density of 50 mA/g. After 100 cycles, the residual discharge capacity is 91.8 mA?h/g and the capacity retention rate is 85.9%, which is much higher than that of pristine Na_(0.44)MnO_2 nanorods(74.7%) at the same condition. What is more, when the current density reaches 500 and 1000 mA/g, the corresponding discharge capacities of Na_(0.44)MnO_2/graphene composite are about 89 and 78 mA?h/g, respectively, indicating outstanding rate capability.
Na_(0.44)MnO_2 nanorods have been prepared by a hydrothermal method. The experimental parameters have been systematically investigated and optimized. The results show that Na_(0.44)MnO_2 nanorods obtained via the hydrothermal treatment at 200 ℃ for 16 h show the best electrochemical properties, which deliver the high initial discharge capacity of 110.7 mA?h/g at 50 mA/g in potential window 2.0-4.0 V. To further improve their electrochemical properties, a ball milling process with graphene has been carried out to obtain Na_(0.44)MnO_2/graphene composite. The initial discharge capacity of Na_(0.44)MnO_2/graphene composite is 106.9 mA?h/g at a current density of 50 mA/g. After 100 cycles, the residual discharge capacity is 91.8 mA?h/g and the capacity retention rate is 85.9%, which is much higher than that of pristine Na_(0.44)MnO_2 nanorods(74.7%) at the same condition. What is more, when the current density reaches 500 and 1000 mA/g, the corresponding discharge capacities of Na_(0.44)MnO_2/graphene composite are about 89 and 78 mA?h/g, respectively, indicating outstanding rate capability.
引文
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[22]HOU Yan,TANG Hong-wei,LI Bao,CHANG Kun,CHANG Zhao-rong,YUAN Xiao-zi,WANG Hai-jiang.Hexagonal-layered Na0.7Mn O2.05 via solvothermal synthesis as an electrode material for aqueous Na-ion supercapacitors[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2016,171:137-144.
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[24]WANG C H,YEH Y W,WONGITTHAROM N,WANGYi-chen,TSENG C J,LEE S W,CHANG Wen-sheng,CHANG J K.Rechargeable Na/Na0.44Mn O2 cells with ionic liquid electrolytes containing various sodium solutes[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,274:1016-1023.
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[30]WANG Xu-yang,ZHOU Xu-feng,YAO Ke,ZHANGJiang-gang,LIU Zhao-ping.A SnO2/graphene composite as a high stability electrode for lithium ion batteries[J].Carbon,2011,49(1):133-139.
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[36]LIU Qian-qian,HU Zhe,CHEN Ming-zhe,GU Qin-fen,DOU Yu-hai,SUN Zi-qi,CHOU Shu-lei,DOU Shi-xue.Multiangular rod-shaped Na0.44MnO2 as cathode materials with high rate and long life for sodium-ion batteries[J].ACSApplied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(4):3644-3652.
[37]FERRARA C,TEALDI C,DALL’ASTA V,BUCHHOLZ D,CHAGAS L G,QUARTARONE E,BERBENNI V,PASSERINI S.High-performance Na0.44MnO2 slabs for sodium-ion batteries obtained through urea-based solution combustion synthesis[J].Batteries,2018,4(1):8.
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[39]LUO Chao,LANGROCK A,FAN Xiu-lin,LIANG Yu-jia,WANG Chun-sheng.P2-type transition metal oxides for high performance Na-ion battery cathodes[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5(34):18214-18220.
[40]WU Fang,ZHANG Xiao-xiao,ZHAO Tao-lin,LI Li,XIEMan,CHEN Rui-jie.Multifunctional AlPO4 coating for improving electrochemical properties of low-cost Li[Li0.2Fe0.1Ni0.15Mn0.55]O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7(6):3773-3781.
[2]XIA Jing,LIU Li,XIE Jian-jun,YAN Han-xiao,YUANYu-ting,CHEN Man-fang,HUANG Cheng,ZHANG Yue,NIE Su,WANG Xian-you.Layer-by-layered SnS2/graphene hybrid nanosheets via ball-milling as promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2018,269:452-461.
[3]XIE Jian-jun,PEI Yi,LIU Li,GUO Sheng-ping,XIA Jing,LI Min,OUYANG Yan,ZHANG Xiao-yan,WANGXian-you.Hydrothermal synthesis of antimony oxychlorides submicron rods as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2017,254:246-254.
[4]YI Ling-guang,LIU Li,GUO Guo-xiong,CHEN Xiao-ying,ZHANG Yue,YU Shu-yang,WANG Xian-you.Expanded graphite@Sn O2@polyaniline composite with enhanced performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2017,240:63-71.
[5]XIE Jian-jun,LIU Li,XIA Jing,ZHANG Yue,LI Min,OUYANG Yan,NIE Su,WANG Xian-you.Template-free synthesis of Sb2S3 hollow microspheres as anode materials for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries[J].Nano-Micro Letters,2018,10(1):12.
[6]YUAN D D,WANG Y X,CAO Y L,AI X P,YANG H X.Improved electrochemical performance of Fe-substituted NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7(16):8585-8591.
[7]LI Huang-xu,CHEN Xiao-bin,JIN Ting,BAO Wei-zhai,ZHANG Zhi-an,JIAO Li-fang.Robust graphene layer modified Na2Mn P2O7 as a durable high-rate and high energy cathode for Na-ion batteries[J].Energy Storage Materials,2019,16:383-390.
[8]JIN Ting,HAN Qing-qing,WANG Yi-jing,JIAO Li-fang.1D nanomaterials:Design,synthesis,and applications in sodium-ion batteries[J].Small,2018,14(2):1703086.
[9]WANG Xiao-jun,CAO Kang-zhe,WANG Yi-jing,JIAOLi-fang.Controllable N-doped Cu Co2O4@C film as a self-supported anode for ultrastable sodium-ion batteries[J].Small,2017,13(29):1700873.
[10]HE Han-nan,GAN Qing-meng,WANG Hai-yan,XUGui-liang,ZHANG Xiao-yi,HUANG Dan,FU Fang,TANGYou-gen,AMINE K,SHAO Min-hua.Structure-dependent performance of TiO2/C as anode material for Na-ion batteries[J].Nano Energy,2018,44:217-227.
[11]SUN Yang,GUO Shao-hua,ZHOU Hao-sheng.Exploration of advanced electrode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2018:1800212.
[12]LI Wei-jie,HAN Chao,WANG Wan-lin,GEBERT F,CHOUShu-lei,LIU Hua-kun,ZHANG Xin-he,DOU Shi-xue.Commercial prospects of existing cathode materials for sodium ion storage[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2017,7(24):1700274.
[13]JIN Ting,LIU Yong-chang,LI Yang,CAO Kang-zhe,WANG Xiao-jun,JIAO Li-fang.Electrospun Na VPO4F/Cnanofibers as self-standing cathode material for ultralong cycle life Na-ion batteries[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2017,7(15):1700087.
[14]HE Han-na,HUANG Dan,PANG Wei-kong,SUN Dan,WANG Qi,TANG You-gen,JI Xiao-bo,GUO Zai-ping,WANG Hai-yan.Plasma-induced amorphous shell and deep cation-site S doping endow TiO2 with extraordinary sodium storage performance[J].Advanced Materials,2018,30(26):1801013.
[15]ZHANG Zi-he,WU Di-hua,ZHANG Xu,ZHAO Xu-dong,ZHANG Hai-chang,DING Fei,XIE Zhao-jun,ZHOU Zhen.First-principles computational studies on layered Na2Mn3O7as a high-rate cathode material for sodium ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5(25):12752-12756.
[16]ADAMCZYK E,PRALONG V.Na2Mn3O7?:A suitable electrode material for Na-ion batteries?[J].Chemistry of Materials,2017,29(11):4645-4648.
[17]ABAKUMOV A M,TSIRLIN A A,BAKAIMI I,TENDELOO G V,LAPPAS A.Multiple twinning as a structure directing mechanism in layered rock-salt-type oxides:NaMnO2 polymorphism,redox potentials,and magnetism[J].Chemistry of Materials,2014,26(10):3306-3315.
[18]WANG Qi-di,YANG Wei,KANG Fei-yu,LI Bao-hua.Na2Mn3+0.3Mn4+2.7O6.85:A cathode with simultaneous cationic and anionic redox in Na-ion battery[J].Energy Storage Materials,2018,14:361-366.
[19]SU Da-wei,WANG Cheng-yin,AHN H,WANG Guo-xiu.Single crystalline Na0.7Mn O2 nanoplates as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries with enhanced performance[J].Chemistry-A European Journal,2013,19(33):10884-10889.
[20]SAUVAGE F,LAFFONT L,TARASCON J M,BAUDRINE.Study of the insertion/deinsertion mechanism of sodium into Na0.44MnO2[J].Inorganic Chemistry,2007,46(8):3289-3294.
[21]LIU Sheng,FAN Cheng-zhi,ZHANG Yuan,LI Cheng-hui,YOU Xiao-zeng.Low-temperature synthesis of Na2Mn5O10for supercapacitor applications[J].Journal of Power Sources,2011,196(23):10502-10506.
[22]HOU Yan,TANG Hong-wei,LI Bao,CHANG Kun,CHANG Zhao-rong,YUAN Xiao-zi,WANG Hai-jiang.Hexagonal-layered Na0.7Mn O2.05 via solvothermal synthesis as an electrode material for aqueous Na-ion supercapacitors[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2016,171:137-144.
[23]BILLAUD J,CLéMENT R J,ARMSTRONG A R,CANALES-VAZQUEZ J,ROZIER P,GREY C P,BRUCE PG.β-NaMnO2?:A high-performance cathode for sodium-ion batteries[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2014,136(49):17243-17248.
[24]WANG C H,YEH Y W,WONGITTHAROM N,WANGYi-chen,TSENG C J,LEE S W,CHANG Wen-sheng,CHANG J K.Rechargeable Na/Na0.44Mn O2 cells with ionic liquid electrolytes containing various sodium solutes[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,274:1016-1023.
[25]YU Jiang-ying,HONG Mao-rong,WANG Li,HUANG Kai,GUO Yu-xian.Synthesis and gas-sensing properties of P-type Na0.44Mn O2 nanoribbons[J].Materials Letters,2016,164:440-443.
[26]LIU Cai,LI Jiang-gang,ZHAO Peng-xiang.Fast preparation of Na0.44Mn O2 nanorods via a high Na OH concentration hydrothermal soft chemical reaction and their lithium storage properties[J].Journal of Nanoparticle Research,2015,17(3):142.
[27]LIU Xiao,ZHANG Ning,NI Jiang-feng,GAO Li-jun.Improved electrochemical performance of sol-gel method prepared Na4Mn9O18 in aqueous hybrid Na-ion supercapacitor[J].Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,2013,17(7):1939-1944.
[28]XU Mao-wen,NIU Yu-bin,CHEN Chuan-jun,SONG Jie,BAO Shu-juan.Synthesis and application of ultra-long Na0.44MnO2 submicron slabs as a cathode material for Na-ion batteries[J].RSC Adv.,2014,4(72):38140-38143.
[29]ZHAO Li-wei,NI Jiang-feng,WANG Hai-bao,GAO Li-jun.Na0.44MnO2-CNT electrodes for non-aqueous sodium batteries[J].RSC Advances,2013,3(18):6650:6655.
[30]WANG Xu-yang,ZHOU Xu-feng,YAO Ke,ZHANGJiang-gang,LIU Zhao-ping.A SnO2/graphene composite as a high stability electrode for lithium ion batteries[J].Carbon,2011,49(1):133-139.
[31]DAVID L,BHANDAVAT R,SINGH G.Mo S2/Graphene composite paper for sodium-ion battery electrodes[J].ACSNano,2014,8(2):1759-1770.
[32]HE Xin,WANG Jun,QIU Bao,PAILLARD E,MA Chu-ze,CAO Xia,LIU Hao-dong,STAN M C,LIU Hai-dong,GALLASH T,MENG Y S,LI Jie.Durable high-rate capability Na0.44Mn O2 cathode material for sodium-ion batteries[J].Nano Energy,2016,27:602-610.
[33]RUFFO R,FATHI R,KIM D J,JUNG Y H,MARI C M,KIM K.Impedance analysis of Na0.44Mn O2 positive electrode for reversible sodium batteries in organic electrolyte[J].Electrochimica Acta,2013,108:575-582.
[34]KIM H,KIM D J,SEO D H,YEOM M S,KANG K,KIM DK,JUNG Y.Ab initio study of the sodium intercalation and intermediate phases in Na0.44Mn O2 for sodium-ion battery[J].Chemistry of Materials,2012,24(6):1205-1211.
[35]CAO Yu-liang,XIAO Li-fen,WANG Wei,CHOI D,NIEZi-min,YU Jiang-guo,SARAF L V,YANG Zhen-guo,LIUJun.Reversible sodium ion insertion in single crystalline manganese oxide nanowires with long cycle life[J].Advanced Materials,2011,23(28):3155-3160.
[36]LIU Qian-qian,HU Zhe,CHEN Ming-zhe,GU Qin-fen,DOU Yu-hai,SUN Zi-qi,CHOU Shu-lei,DOU Shi-xue.Multiangular rod-shaped Na0.44MnO2 as cathode materials with high rate and long life for sodium-ion batteries[J].ACSApplied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(4):3644-3652.
[37]FERRARA C,TEALDI C,DALL’ASTA V,BUCHHOLZ D,CHAGAS L G,QUARTARONE E,BERBENNI V,PASSERINI S.High-performance Na0.44MnO2 slabs for sodium-ion batteries obtained through urea-based solution combustion synthesis[J].Batteries,2018,4(1):8.
[38]DAI Ke-hua,MAO Jing,SONG Xiang-yun,BATTAGLIA V,LIU Gao.Na0.44Mn O2 with very fast sodium diffusion and stable cycling synthesized via polyvinylpyrrolidonecombustion method[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,285:161-168.
[39]LUO Chao,LANGROCK A,FAN Xiu-lin,LIANG Yu-jia,WANG Chun-sheng.P2-type transition metal oxides for high performance Na-ion battery cathodes[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5(34):18214-18220.
[40]WU Fang,ZHANG Xiao-xiao,ZHAO Tao-lin,LI Li,XIEMan,CHEN Rui-jie.Multifunctional AlPO4 coating for improving electrochemical properties of low-cost Li[Li0.2Fe0.1Ni0.15Mn0.55]O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7(6):3773-3781.