Zr含量对大应变轧制2524铝合金板材微观组织及力学性能的影响
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摘要
采用光学显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸试验机等研究了Zr含量对2524铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加Zr元素能够明显细化铸态2524铝合金的晶粒。铸态合金存在明显的枝晶偏析,经过均匀化退火处理后,非平衡低熔点相基本溶入基体,晶间组织分布趋于均匀。大应变轧制变形后,2524铝合金中均得到了典型的纤维状组织,合金中的第二相主要为S(Al_2CuMg)相,θ(Al_2Cu)相、T(Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3)相和Al_3Zr相,并沿晶界呈连续分布。经时效处理后,形成大量弥散的Al_3Zr粒子,对位错和亚晶界具有强烈的钉扎作用,能明显提高合金的抗再结晶能力和室温力学性能。随着Zr含量的增加合金力学性能呈现递增趋势,当Zr含量为0.5 mass%时,2524铝合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为645 MPa、548 MPa和11%。
Effect of Zr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2524 aluminum alloys was investigated by means of optical microscope(OM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and tensile tester. The results show that the grain size of the as-cast 2524 aluminum alloys can be refined significantly by adding Zr element. There is obvious dendritic segregation in the as-cast alloy, and after homogenization annealing treatment, the non-equilibrium low-melting phases are basically dissolved into the matrix, and the distribution of intergranular microstructure is more uniform. After the large-strain rolling deformation, typical fibrous microstructure is obtained in the 2524 aluminum alloys, and the second phase in the alloy are mainly S(Al_2CuMg), θ(Al_2Cu), T(Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3) and Al_3Zr phases, which are distributed continuously along the grain boundaries. After aging treatment, a large number of dispersed Al_3Zr particles are formed in the alloys, have a strong pinning effect on dislocation and sub-grain boundaries, and can significantly improve the anti-recrystallization ability and room temperature mechanical properties of the alloy. With the increase of Zr content, the mechanical properties of the alloys are improved. When the content of Zr is 0.5 mass%, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the 2524 aluminum alloy are 645 MPa, 548 MPa and 11%, respectively.
Effect of Zr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2524 aluminum alloys was investigated by means of optical microscope(OM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and tensile tester. The results show that the grain size of the as-cast 2524 aluminum alloys can be refined significantly by adding Zr element. There is obvious dendritic segregation in the as-cast alloy, and after homogenization annealing treatment, the non-equilibrium low-melting phases are basically dissolved into the matrix, and the distribution of intergranular microstructure is more uniform. After the large-strain rolling deformation, typical fibrous microstructure is obtained in the 2524 aluminum alloys, and the second phase in the alloy are mainly S(Al_2CuMg), θ(Al_2Cu), T(Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3) and Al_3Zr phases, which are distributed continuously along the grain boundaries. After aging treatment, a large number of dispersed Al_3Zr particles are formed in the alloys, have a strong pinning effect on dislocation and sub-grain boundaries, and can significantly improve the anti-recrystallization ability and room temperature mechanical properties of the alloy. With the increase of Zr content, the mechanical properties of the alloys are improved. When the content of Zr is 0.5 mass%, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the 2524 aluminum alloy are 645 MPa, 548 MPa and 11%, respectively.
引文
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[2] Lin Y C,Xia Y C,Jiang Y Q,et al.Precipitation in Al-Cu-Mg alloy during creep exposure[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2012,556:796-800.
[3] Cheng S,Zhao Y H,Zhu Y T,et al.Optimizing the strength and ductility of fine structured 2024 Al alloy by nano-precipitation[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55:5822-5832.
[4] 刘兵,彭超群,王日初,等.大飞机用铝合金的研究现状及展望[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(9):1705-1715.LIU Bing,PENG Chao-qun,WANG Ri-chu,et al.Recent development and prospects for giant plane aluminum alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(9):1705-1715.
[5] Dursun T,Soutis C.Recent developments in advanced aircraft aluminium alloy[J].Materials and Design,2014,56:862-871.
[6] 王松辉,孙有平,何江美,等.均匀化处理对Al-4.5Cu-1.5Mg-0.6Mn-0.2Ti-0.5Zr合金组织及性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2018,39(5):37-43.WANG Song-hui,SUN You-ping,HE Jiang-mei,et al.Effect of homogenization treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4.5Cu-1.5Mg-0.6Mn-0.2Ti-0.5Zr aluminum alloy[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2018,39(5):37-43.
[7] 雷彬彬,周志明,黄伟九,等.Al-Cu-Mg高强铝合金的研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2012,41(2):41-45.LEI Bin-bin,ZHOU Zhi-ming,HUANG Wei-jiu,et al.Development of high-strength Al-Cu-Mg alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2012,41(2):41-45.
[8] Kang W,Li H Y,Zhao S X,et al.Effects of homogenization treatments on the microstructure evolution,microhardness and electrical conductivity of dilute Al-Sc-Zr-Er alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,704:683-692.
[9] Sun F F,Nash G L,Li Q Y,et al.Effect of Sc and Zr additions on microstructures and corrosion behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys[J].Journal of Materials Science and Technology,2017,33:1015-1022.
[10] 张文静,任伟才,邓桢桢,等.Zr元素对超高强铝合金微观组织及力学性能的影响[J].有色金属加工,2013,42(4):8-11.ZHANG Wen-jing,REN Wei-cai,DENG Zhen-zhen,et al.Effect of Zirconium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of super-high strength aluminum alloys[J].Nonferrous Metals Processing,2013,42(4):8-11.
[11] 周娟,肖于德,马瑞.Zr对铸造高强铝合金组织和性能的影响[J].铸造,2009,58(3):266-269.ZHOU Juan,XIAO Yu-de,MA Rui.Effect of Zirconium on microstructures and mecha nical properties of high strength aluminum alloy[J].Foundry,2009,58(3):266-269.
[12] 陈琴,潘清林,王迎,等.微量Sc和Zr对Al-Mg-Mn合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(6):1555-1563.CHEN Qin,PAN Qing-lin,WANG Ying,et al.Effects of minor scandium and zirconium on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(6):1555-1563.
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[14] Zhu S Q,Yan H G,Chen J H,et al.Fabrication of Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloy sheets with homogeneous fine-grained structures using high strain-rate rolling in a wide temperature range[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,559:765-772.
[15] Chen C,Chen J H,Yan H G,et al.Dynamic precipitation,microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-1Mn alloy sheets prepared by high strain-rate rolling[J].Materials and Design,2016,100:58-66.
[16] 周学浩,孙有平,王文熙,等.轧制温度对大应变轧制Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2017,42(9):21-25.ZHOU Xue-hao,SUN You-ping,WANG Wen-xi,et al.Effect of temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy fabricated by severe strain rolling[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2017,42(9):21-25.
[17] Liu J,Yao P,Zhao N Q,et al.Effect of minor Sc and Zr on recrystallization behavior and mechanical properties of novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,657:717-725.
[18] Deng Y,Xu G F,Yin Z M,et al.Effects of Sc and Zr microalloying additions on the recrystallization texture and mechanism of Al-Zn-Mg alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2013,580:412-426.
[19] Vladivoj O,Margarita S.Resistance to recrystallization due to Sc and Zr addition to Al-Mg alloys[J].Materials Characterization,2001,47:157-162.
[20] Shen F H,Yi D Q,Wang B,et al.Semi-quantitative evaluation of texture components and anisotropy of the yield strength in 2524 T3 alloy sheets[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,675:386-395.
[21] Shen F H,Wang B,Yi D Q,et al.Effects of heating rate during solid-solution treatment on microstructure and fatigue properties of AA2524 T3 Al-Cu-Mg sheet[J].Materials and Design,2016,104:116-125.
[22] 余琨,李松瑞,黎文献,等.微量Sc和Zr对2618铝合金再结晶行为的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,1999(4):709-713.YU Kun,LI Song-rui,LI Wen-xian,et al.Effect of trace Sc and Zr on recrystallization behavior of 2618 alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,1999(4):709-713.
[23] Shen F H,Wang B,Liu H Q,et al.Effects of secondary particle-induced recrystallization on fatigue crack growth in AA2524/Al-Cu-Mg T3 alloy sheets[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,685:571-580.
[24] Singh D,Rao P N,Jayaganthan R.Effect of deformation temperature on mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Al-Mg alloys processed by rolling[J].Materials and Design,2013,50:646-655.
[25] Cheng S,Zhao Y H,Zhu Y T,et al.Optimizing the strength and ductility of fine structured 2024 Al alloy by nano-precipitation[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(17):5822-5832.
[26] Niranjani V L,Kumar K C H,Sarma V S.Development of high strength Al-Mg-Si AA6061 alloy through cold rolling and ageing[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2009,515:169-174.
[27] 朱大鹏,尹志民,滕浩,等.微量Sc和Zr对Al-Mg-Mn合金组织和性能的影响[J].宇航材料工艺,2004(6):45-49.ZHU Da-peng,YIN Zhi-min,TENG Hao,et al.Effect of trace Sc and Zr on microstruetuers and properties of Al-Mg-Mn alloy[J].Aerospace Materials and Technology,2004(6):45-49.
[28] Royset J,Ryum N.Scandium in aluminium alloys[J].International Materials Reviews,2005,50(1):19-44.
[29] 黄乾尧,李汉康.高温合金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:22-26.