生物酶和碱预处理对纸浆漂白及AOX生成影响的研究进展
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摘要
论述生物酶(木聚糖酶和漆酶),碱以及酶碱结合预处理未漂浆以提高后续ECF漂白纸浆性能并减少漂白废水中有机氯化物(AOX)的产生。生物酶预处理对纸浆中半纤维素和木素具有降解作用,节约后续漂剂用量,提高ECF漂白效果并减少AOX生成。碱预处理可使纸浆细胞壁部分氢键打开,增加细胞壁上的空隙度,促进漂剂的渗透,提高漂白效果和漂后浆物理强度。且碱处理对致色物质具有抽提作用,有利于后续的漂白药剂对木素的去除和使漂后浆料不易返黄。生物酶与碱处理均可减少纸浆中己烯糖醛酸(Hex A)和木素的含量,从而在一定程度上减少漂白废水中AOX的生成。因此,木聚糖酶和漆酶结合碱预处理纸浆,可进一步减少纸浆中半纤维素、木素及Hex A的含量,减少后续漂剂用量和降低废水中AOX的生成。
This paper reviewed biological enzyme(xylanase and laccase) and alkali aiding ECF bleaching of unbleached pulp to enhance the properties of bleaching pulp and reduce the formation of AOX in bleaching el uent. h e enzyme treatment could degrade part of hemicellulose and lignin, save the bleaching agents, and enhance the properties of bleached pulp and reduce the formation of AOX in subsequent ECF bleaching. Na OH pretreatment could open part of the hydrogen bonds which were in the cell wall of pulp, and increase the access of cell walls. h is process could promote the penetration of chemicals in bleaching process and improve the physical strength of bleaching pulp. Moreover, alkali treatment has potential to extract some color materials in pulp, so the lignin was easier degraded by bleaching agents in the subsequent bleaching stage and the post color number of bleached pulp obviously reduced. Besides, both biological enzyme and alkali treatment had been benei cial to reduce the content of Hex A and AOX. In a word, the contents of hemicellulose, lignin and Hex A were furtherly removed during the joint treatment of biological enzyme and alkali, and the pretreatment process could signii cantly decrease the production of AOX.
This paper reviewed biological enzyme(xylanase and laccase) and alkali aiding ECF bleaching of unbleached pulp to enhance the properties of bleaching pulp and reduce the formation of AOX in bleaching el uent. h e enzyme treatment could degrade part of hemicellulose and lignin, save the bleaching agents, and enhance the properties of bleached pulp and reduce the formation of AOX in subsequent ECF bleaching. Na OH pretreatment could open part of the hydrogen bonds which were in the cell wall of pulp, and increase the access of cell walls. h is process could promote the penetration of chemicals in bleaching process and improve the physical strength of bleaching pulp. Moreover, alkali treatment has potential to extract some color materials in pulp, so the lignin was easier degraded by bleaching agents in the subsequent bleaching stage and the post color number of bleached pulp obviously reduced. Besides, both biological enzyme and alkali treatment had been benei cial to reduce the content of Hex A and AOX. In a word, the contents of hemicellulose, lignin and Hex A were furtherly removed during the joint treatment of biological enzyme and alkali, and the pretreatment process could signii cantly decrease the production of AOX.
引文
[1]聂双喜,王双飞,覃程荣,等.纸浆ECF漂白过程AOX形成机理研究进展[J].造纸科学与技术,2014,33(1):94-98.
[2]Singh S,Dutt D,Tyagi C H,et al.Bio-conventional bleaching of wheat straw soda–AQ pulp with crude xylanases from SH-1NTCC-1163 and SH-2NTCC-1164 strains of Coprinellus disseminatus to mitigate AOX generation[J].New Biotechnology,28(1):47-57.
[3]邓仲斌.蔗渣浆二氧化氯漂白过程中AOX减量技术研究[D].广西:广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,2012:23-36.
[4]Bajpai,P.Application of enzymes in the pulp and paper industry[J].Biotechnolgy Progress,1999,15(2):147-157.
[5]Ko C H,Lin Z P,Tu J,et al.Xy lanase production by paenibacillus campinasensis BL11 and its pretreatment of hard wood Kraft pulpbleaching[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2010,64(1):13-19.
[6]Gangwar A K,Prakash N T,Prakash R.Applicability of microbial xylanases in paper pulp bleaching:a review[J].Bioresources,2014,9(2):3733-3754.
[7]Gonzalez P,Zaror C.Ef ect of process modii cations on AOX emissions from Kraft pulp bleaching,using Chilean pine and eucalyptus[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2000(8):233-241.
[8]Lin X Q,Han S Y.Bleach boosting ef ect of xylanase A from Bacillus halodurans C-125 in ECF bleaching of wheat straw pulp[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2013,52(2):91-98.
[9]Costa M M,Colodette J L.The impact of kappa number composition on eucalyptus Kraft pulp bleachability[J].Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2007,24(1):61-71.
[10]Valls C,Gallardo O,Vidal T,et al.New xylanase to obtain modified eucalypt fibers with high-cellulose content[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(19):7439-7445.
[11]Valls C,Vidal T,Gallardo O,et al.Obtaining low-Hex Acontent cellulose from eucalypt glycosil hydrolase family is more ei cient[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2009,80(1):154-160.
[12]Blomstedt M,Asikainen J,Lahdeniemi A,et al.Ef ect of laccase treatment on dewatering properties of birch Kraft pulp[J].Bioresources,2010,5(2):1164-1177.
[13]Ibarra D,Kopcke V,Larsson P T,et al.Combination of alkaline and enzymatic treatments as a process for upgrading sisal papergrade pulp to dissolving-grade pulp[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(19):7416-7423.
[14]陈嘉川,李昭成,曲音波,等.麦草浆的生物漂白与酶法改性[J].中华纸业,2001,22(4):13-15.
[15]Agnihotri S,Dutt D,Vidyarthi A K.ECF and TCF bleaching of saccharum officinerum-co89003 bagasse soda-AQ pulp with alkali-thermo tolerant crude xylanase from coprinellus disseminates SW-1 NTCC1165[J].Biobleaching of Bagasse,2012,7(4):5247-5257.
[16]Shatalov A A,Pereira H.Impact of hexenuronic acids on xylanase-aided bio-bleaching of chemical pulps[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(12):3069-3075.
[17]Tian L Q,W hite C B,Wang W,et al.Laccase-mediated system pretreatment to enhance the ef ect of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of cotton fabric[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2012,50:782-787.
[18]Valls C,Colom J F,Baf ert C,et al.Comparing the ei ciency of the laccase-NHA and laccase-HBT systems in eucalyptus pulp bleaching[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2010,49:401-407.
[19]Tzanov T,Basto C,Gubitz G M,et al.Laccases to improve the whiteness in a conventional bleaching of cotton[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2003,288(10):807-810.
[20]Tzanko T,Carlos B,Georg M,et al.Laccases to Improve the Whiteness in a Conventional Bleaching of Cotton[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2003,288:807-810.
[21]Driessel B V,Christov L.Decolorization of bleach plant effluents by mucoralean and white-rot fungi in a rotating biological contactor reactor[J].Journal of Bioresource and Bioengineering,2001,92(3):271-276.
[22]Thakur V V,Jain R K,Mathur R M.Studies on xylanase and laccase enzymatic prebleaching to reduce chlorine-based chemicals during CEH and ECF bleaching[J].Bioresources,2012,7(2):2220-2235.
[22]Valls C,Vidal T,Roncero M B.The role of xylanase and laccases on hexenuronic acid and lignin removal[J].Process Biochemistry,2010,45:425-430.
[23]Bajpai P,Anand A,Sharma N,et al.Enzyme improve ECF bleaching of pulp[J].Bioresources,1(1):34-44.
[24]Eugenio M E,Santos S M,Carbajo J M,et al.Kraft pulp biobleaching using an extracellular enzymatic l uid produced by Pycnoporus sanguineus[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(6):66-70.
[25]Sharma A,Thakur V V,Shrivastava A,et al.Xylanase and laccase based enzymatic Kraft pulp bleaching reduces adsorbable organic halogen(AOX)in bleach el uents:a pilot scale study[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,169:96-102.
[26]Valls C,Roncero M B.Using both xylanase and laccase enzymes for pulp bleaching[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(6):2032-2039.
[27]Fillat A,Roncero M B,Vidal T.Assessing the use of xylanase and laccases in biobleaching stages of a TCF sequence for l ax pulp[J].Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2011,86:1501-1507.
[28]h en Y Y,Ibrahim N A,Zainuddin N,et al.Static mechanical,interfacial,and water absorption behaviors of alkali treaed oil palm mesocarp fiber reinforced poly(butylenes succinate)biocomposites[J].Bioresources,2015,10(1):123-136.
[29]Mou H Y,Heikkila E,Fardim P.Topochemistry of alkaline,alkaline-peroxide and hydrotropic pretreatments of common reed to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis ei ciency[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,150:36-41.
[30]陈玉和,黄文豪,常德龙,等.氢氧化钠预处理对木材漂白促进作用的研究[J].林产化学与工业,2000,20(1):52-56.
[31]Zanuttini M,Marzocchi V,Citroni M.Alkaline treatment of poplar wood[J].Originalarbeiten,1999,57:185-190.
[32]梁辰,李兵云,李国荣,等.碱预处理对竹子SCMP浆过氧化氢漂白的影响[J].中华纸业,2010,31(20):34-37.
[33]Li J B,Sevastyanova O,Gellerstedt G.The distribution of oxidizable structures in ECF and TCF-bleached Kraft pulps[J].Ordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal,2002,17(4):415-419.
[34]Ibarra D,kopcke V,Larsson P E,et al.Combination of alkaline and enzymatic treatments as a process for upgrading sisal papergrade pulp to dissolving-grade pulp[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:7416-7423.
[35]Valls C,Roncero M B.Antioxidant property of TCF pulp with a high hexenuronic acid(Hex A)content[J].Holzforschung,2012,67(3):257-263.
[36]Angayarkanni J,Palaniswamy M,Pradeep B V,et al.Biochemical substitution of fungal xylanases for prebleaching of hardwood kraft pulp[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2006,5(10):921-929.
[37]Sadhasivam S,Savitha S,Swaminathan K.Depolyment of Trichoderma harzianum WL1 laccase in pulp bleaching and paper industry effluent treatment[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2010,18:799-806.
[38]吴淑芳,尤纪雪,叶汉玲,等.漆酶/木聚糖酶体系预处理促进马尾松硫酸盐浆漂白的研究[J].中国造纸,2010,29(6):10-13.
[2]Singh S,Dutt D,Tyagi C H,et al.Bio-conventional bleaching of wheat straw soda–AQ pulp with crude xylanases from SH-1NTCC-1163 and SH-2NTCC-1164 strains of Coprinellus disseminatus to mitigate AOX generation[J].New Biotechnology,28(1):47-57.
[3]邓仲斌.蔗渣浆二氧化氯漂白过程中AOX减量技术研究[D].广西:广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,2012:23-36.
[4]Bajpai,P.Application of enzymes in the pulp and paper industry[J].Biotechnolgy Progress,1999,15(2):147-157.
[5]Ko C H,Lin Z P,Tu J,et al.Xy lanase production by paenibacillus campinasensis BL11 and its pretreatment of hard wood Kraft pulpbleaching[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2010,64(1):13-19.
[6]Gangwar A K,Prakash N T,Prakash R.Applicability of microbial xylanases in paper pulp bleaching:a review[J].Bioresources,2014,9(2):3733-3754.
[7]Gonzalez P,Zaror C.Ef ect of process modii cations on AOX emissions from Kraft pulp bleaching,using Chilean pine and eucalyptus[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2000(8):233-241.
[8]Lin X Q,Han S Y.Bleach boosting ef ect of xylanase A from Bacillus halodurans C-125 in ECF bleaching of wheat straw pulp[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2013,52(2):91-98.
[9]Costa M M,Colodette J L.The impact of kappa number composition on eucalyptus Kraft pulp bleachability[J].Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2007,24(1):61-71.
[10]Valls C,Gallardo O,Vidal T,et al.New xylanase to obtain modified eucalypt fibers with high-cellulose content[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(19):7439-7445.
[11]Valls C,Vidal T,Gallardo O,et al.Obtaining low-Hex Acontent cellulose from eucalypt glycosil hydrolase family is more ei cient[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2009,80(1):154-160.
[12]Blomstedt M,Asikainen J,Lahdeniemi A,et al.Ef ect of laccase treatment on dewatering properties of birch Kraft pulp[J].Bioresources,2010,5(2):1164-1177.
[13]Ibarra D,Kopcke V,Larsson P T,et al.Combination of alkaline and enzymatic treatments as a process for upgrading sisal papergrade pulp to dissolving-grade pulp[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(19):7416-7423.
[14]陈嘉川,李昭成,曲音波,等.麦草浆的生物漂白与酶法改性[J].中华纸业,2001,22(4):13-15.
[15]Agnihotri S,Dutt D,Vidyarthi A K.ECF and TCF bleaching of saccharum officinerum-co89003 bagasse soda-AQ pulp with alkali-thermo tolerant crude xylanase from coprinellus disseminates SW-1 NTCC1165[J].Biobleaching of Bagasse,2012,7(4):5247-5257.
[16]Shatalov A A,Pereira H.Impact of hexenuronic acids on xylanase-aided bio-bleaching of chemical pulps[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(12):3069-3075.
[17]Tian L Q,W hite C B,Wang W,et al.Laccase-mediated system pretreatment to enhance the ef ect of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of cotton fabric[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2012,50:782-787.
[18]Valls C,Colom J F,Baf ert C,et al.Comparing the ei ciency of the laccase-NHA and laccase-HBT systems in eucalyptus pulp bleaching[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2010,49:401-407.
[19]Tzanov T,Basto C,Gubitz G M,et al.Laccases to improve the whiteness in a conventional bleaching of cotton[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2003,288(10):807-810.
[20]Tzanko T,Carlos B,Georg M,et al.Laccases to Improve the Whiteness in a Conventional Bleaching of Cotton[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2003,288:807-810.
[21]Driessel B V,Christov L.Decolorization of bleach plant effluents by mucoralean and white-rot fungi in a rotating biological contactor reactor[J].Journal of Bioresource and Bioengineering,2001,92(3):271-276.
[22]Thakur V V,Jain R K,Mathur R M.Studies on xylanase and laccase enzymatic prebleaching to reduce chlorine-based chemicals during CEH and ECF bleaching[J].Bioresources,2012,7(2):2220-2235.
[22]Valls C,Vidal T,Roncero M B.The role of xylanase and laccases on hexenuronic acid and lignin removal[J].Process Biochemistry,2010,45:425-430.
[23]Bajpai P,Anand A,Sharma N,et al.Enzyme improve ECF bleaching of pulp[J].Bioresources,1(1):34-44.
[24]Eugenio M E,Santos S M,Carbajo J M,et al.Kraft pulp biobleaching using an extracellular enzymatic l uid produced by Pycnoporus sanguineus[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(6):66-70.
[25]Sharma A,Thakur V V,Shrivastava A,et al.Xylanase and laccase based enzymatic Kraft pulp bleaching reduces adsorbable organic halogen(AOX)in bleach el uents:a pilot scale study[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,169:96-102.
[26]Valls C,Roncero M B.Using both xylanase and laccase enzymes for pulp bleaching[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(6):2032-2039.
[27]Fillat A,Roncero M B,Vidal T.Assessing the use of xylanase and laccases in biobleaching stages of a TCF sequence for l ax pulp[J].Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2011,86:1501-1507.
[28]h en Y Y,Ibrahim N A,Zainuddin N,et al.Static mechanical,interfacial,and water absorption behaviors of alkali treaed oil palm mesocarp fiber reinforced poly(butylenes succinate)biocomposites[J].Bioresources,2015,10(1):123-136.
[29]Mou H Y,Heikkila E,Fardim P.Topochemistry of alkaline,alkaline-peroxide and hydrotropic pretreatments of common reed to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis ei ciency[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,150:36-41.
[30]陈玉和,黄文豪,常德龙,等.氢氧化钠预处理对木材漂白促进作用的研究[J].林产化学与工业,2000,20(1):52-56.
[31]Zanuttini M,Marzocchi V,Citroni M.Alkaline treatment of poplar wood[J].Originalarbeiten,1999,57:185-190.
[32]梁辰,李兵云,李国荣,等.碱预处理对竹子SCMP浆过氧化氢漂白的影响[J].中华纸业,2010,31(20):34-37.
[33]Li J B,Sevastyanova O,Gellerstedt G.The distribution of oxidizable structures in ECF and TCF-bleached Kraft pulps[J].Ordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal,2002,17(4):415-419.
[34]Ibarra D,kopcke V,Larsson P E,et al.Combination of alkaline and enzymatic treatments as a process for upgrading sisal papergrade pulp to dissolving-grade pulp[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:7416-7423.
[35]Valls C,Roncero M B.Antioxidant property of TCF pulp with a high hexenuronic acid(Hex A)content[J].Holzforschung,2012,67(3):257-263.
[36]Angayarkanni J,Palaniswamy M,Pradeep B V,et al.Biochemical substitution of fungal xylanases for prebleaching of hardwood kraft pulp[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2006,5(10):921-929.
[37]Sadhasivam S,Savitha S,Swaminathan K.Depolyment of Trichoderma harzianum WL1 laccase in pulp bleaching and paper industry effluent treatment[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2010,18:799-806.
[38]吴淑芳,尤纪雪,叶汉玲,等.漆酶/木聚糖酶体系预处理促进马尾松硫酸盐浆漂白的研究[J].中国造纸,2010,29(6):10-13.