3种水生植物对铅污染水体的抗性研究
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摘要
通过盆栽试验,在静态模拟自然状况下的小型水体中设置3个铅污染水平,研究花叶芦竹、石菖蒲、水生鸢尾对不同浓度铅污染水体的净化能力及其抗性生理特征。结果表明:在不同浓度铅污染水体中,石菖蒲的长势最好,其株长和茎长均达到最高,可达61.17 cm和41.23 cm;花叶芦竹的根长则表现为最好,为21.23 cm。3种水生植物的根系活力表现为花叶芦竹>石菖蒲>水生鸢尾。在低浓度和高浓度铅污染水体中,石菖蒲的叶绿素a含量高于水生鸢尾和花叶芦竹,水生鸢尾的叶绿素b含量高于石菖蒲和花叶芦竹;在CK和低浓度铅污染水体中,3种水生植物的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和总叶绿素含量均表现为最高。花叶芦竹对铅污染水体的净化能力最强,净化能力随着铅浓度的增加也发生了下降。因此,花叶芦竹、石菖蒲和水生鸢尾3种水生植物对不同浓度铅污染水体均有一定的适应性和净化效果,表现为石菖蒲的适应性较强,花叶芦竹净化效果最好。
Through the pot experiment, 3 lead pollution levels were set in small water bodies under static simulation of natural conditions. The purification ability and resistance physiological characteristics of different concentrations of lead-contaminated water were studied in Arundo donax, Acorus tatarinowii, Iris tectorum. The results show that among different concentrations of lead-contaminated water, Acorus tatarinowii has the best growth,and its plant length and stem length are the highest, reaching 61.17 cm and 41.23 cm. Arundo donax have the best root length with a value of 21.23 cm. The root activity of the 3 aquatic plants shows as Arundo donax > Acorus tatarinowii > Iris tectorum. In the water polluted by low concentration and high concentration of lead, the content of chlorophyll a in Acorus tatarinowii is higher than that in Arundo donax and Iris tectorum. The content of chlorophyll b in Iris tectorum is higher than that in Arundo donax and Acorus tatarinowii. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of 3 aquatic plants are the highest. The purification capacity of Arundo donax decreases with the increase of lead concentration. In general, Arundo donax, Acorus tatarinowii and Iris tectorum have adaptability and purification effects on water polluted by different concentrations of lead. Acorus tatarinowii has strong adaptability, and Arundo donax has the best purification effect.
Through the pot experiment, 3 lead pollution levels were set in small water bodies under static simulation of natural conditions. The purification ability and resistance physiological characteristics of different concentrations of lead-contaminated water were studied in Arundo donax, Acorus tatarinowii, Iris tectorum. The results show that among different concentrations of lead-contaminated water, Acorus tatarinowii has the best growth,and its plant length and stem length are the highest, reaching 61.17 cm and 41.23 cm. Arundo donax have the best root length with a value of 21.23 cm. The root activity of the 3 aquatic plants shows as Arundo donax > Acorus tatarinowii > Iris tectorum. In the water polluted by low concentration and high concentration of lead, the content of chlorophyll a in Acorus tatarinowii is higher than that in Arundo donax and Iris tectorum. The content of chlorophyll b in Iris tectorum is higher than that in Arundo donax and Acorus tatarinowii. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of 3 aquatic plants are the highest. The purification capacity of Arundo donax decreases with the increase of lead concentration. In general, Arundo donax, Acorus tatarinowii and Iris tectorum have adaptability and purification effects on water polluted by different concentrations of lead. Acorus tatarinowii has strong adaptability, and Arundo donax has the best purification effect.
引文
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[25]顾艾博,董然,马家艳,等.重金属Cr胁迫下两种玉簪光合特性研究[J].北方园艺,2014(13):60-65.
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[2]李巧云,曾清如,廖柏寒,等.沉水植物对沉积物中铜锌铅的富集[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):177-181.
[3]纪美辰,张继权,彭越,等.水培条件下几种水生植物对铅的抗性研究[J].生物技术通报,2017,33(8):120-125.
[4]褚一丹,赵淑敏.铅对水生植物的影响[J].广东化工,2014,41(16):98-99.
[5]惠峰,王良桂.水生植物对水体重金属污染的监测和生态修复[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(5):2234-2236.
[6]何海成,李青青,崔建平,等.水生植物对生活污水中铅、镉、砷富集能力的研究[J].广东化工,2016,43(24):37-40.
[7]孙瑞莲,刘健.3种挺水植物对污水的净化效果及生理响应[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(5):926-932.
[8]杨俊兴,胡健,郭庆军,等.铅胁迫对不同湿地植物耐性和吸收的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2738-2744.
[9]朱红霞,张建强,张家洋.不同种植模式对铅污染土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(1):16-22.
[10]赵云阁,徐萍,鲁绍伟,等.北京部分树种吸滞重金属Cr、Pb生态转化率研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(1):116-122.
[11]张宪政.植物叶绿素含量测定-丙酮乙醇混合液法[J].辽宁农业科学,1986(3):28-30.
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[13]杨艳阳,陈斌,蔡贵民,等.茶鲜叶的荧光光谱特征与叶绿素含量之间的关系研究[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(5):270-272.
[14]张振明,刘佳凯,刘晶岚,等.不同挺水植物对水体净化效果及生长特性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):139-141.
[15]熊缨,苏志刚,高举明.不同挺水植物在生活污水中生长量及去污能力比较研究[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(1):63-66.
[16]胡绵好,袁菊红,向律成,等.不同氮磷比对多年生水生植物生长特性影响的研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(11):2487-2493.
[17]张志敏,朱祥,丁新泉,等.水生植物对电镀废水中重金属的修复研究[J].环境科学导刊,2017,36(1):6-10.
[18]王敏,唐景春,王斐.常见水生植物对富营养化和重金属复合污染水体的修复效果研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2013,24(2):50-56.
[19]付佳佳,韩玉林,李亚亚,等.Pb、Cd单一及复合胁迫对花菖蒲幼苗生长及部分生理指标的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2010,19(3):23-27.
[20]付佳佳,韩玉林,赵九洲,等.铅、锌及其复合胁迫对花菖蒲幼苗生长及生理抗性的影响[J].湿地科学,2013,11(2):198-203.
[21]周玉卿,赵九洲,韩玉林.铅、镉及其复合胁迫对黄菖蒲幼苗生长和生理抗性的影响[J].湿地科学,2012,10(4):487-491.
[22]解纯芬.人工湿地不同植被净化水质效果与生理特性[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(6):299-304.
[23]刘凤,魏雨蒙,刘霜平,等.镉胁迫对油菜、白菜和萝卜生长和生理特性的影响[J].山东化工,2017,46(4):162-164.
[24]王赛,王瑞莹,周童,等.不同浓度汞对3种水生植物光合特性的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(6):15-19.
[25]顾艾博,董然,马家艳,等.重金属Cr胁迫下两种玉簪光合特性研究[J].北方园艺,2014(13):60-65.
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