日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分消化率的影响
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摘要
旨在研究日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮育肥猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分表观消化率的影响,筛选苏淮猪最适宜的脱脂米糠替代玉米水平。本试验选择体重相近(62.90±0.78)kg、健康的苏淮阉公猪35头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组5个处理组。每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验预饲期10 d,所有猪自由采食对照组基础日粮;正试期28 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ～Ⅳ组分别饲喂以7%、14%、21%、28%的脱脂米糠替代等量玉米的日粮。5组日粮的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平分别为8.89%、11.80%、12.93%、14.35%、17.94%。正式期所有猪均自由采食和饮水。试验期每天纪录所有试验猪的采食量和体重;分别于试验期第0、14天采集粪样,试验第28天采集直肠内容物,用于测定养分表观消化率;试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,测量计算胃肠道相对质量和相对长度。结果表明:1)各处理组间猪的初始体重、第14天体重、终末体重、平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、第0～14天平均日增重、第14～28天平均日增重、料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。但对照组、试验Ⅰ～Ⅳ组的第14～28天平均日增重显著高于第0～14天平均日增重(P<0.05)。生长拟合曲线显示,各组猪生长曲线拐点分别是第18.51天(75.87 kg)、第15.92天(73.61 kg)、第17.39天(75.91 kg)、第17.58天(75.45 kg)、第16.29天(76.15 kg)。与对照组相比,试验组猪较早到达生长曲线拐点。但各组生长趋势差异不明显。2)饲喂不同纤维水平的日粮对各组猪胃肠道相对重量、长度及大肠的重量、长度占比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)试验期第14、28天,随着日粮纤维水平的升高,各组NDF表观消化率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗蛋白(CP)表观消化率均呈线性(P<0.01)、二次方(P<0.01)和三次方(P<0.01)降低;试验期第14天,粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率趋于二次方降低(P<0.10)。4)根据三次方程模型预测,分别以ADF、CP表观消化率为因变量,得到适宜脱脂米糠替代部分玉米水平分别为12.77%、14.78%。在各组日粮消化能和粗蛋白均满足且一致的情况下,增加日粮纤维水平对苏淮育肥猪生长性能、肠道发育、NDF表观消化率没有显著影响,但降低了对ADF和CP的表观消化率。本试验的脱脂米糠替代部分玉米是可行的,替代比例以12.77%最佳。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of defatted rice bran substituting corn levels on growth performance, intestinal development and nutrient apparent digestibility of Suhuai pigs, and select the optimal level of defatted rice bran substituting corn for Suhuai pig.Thirty-five healthy Suhuai castrated boars with similar body weight at(62.90±0.78) kg were selected and randomly divided into 5 treatments(control group, group Ⅰ-Ⅳ) with 7 duplicates for 1 per duplicate. The pre-feeding period of the trial was 10 days and all pigs were fed with the same control diet ad libitum. The pigs in control were provided control diet without defatted rice bran, and the pigs in group Ⅰ-Ⅳ were provided diets that using 7%, 14%, 21%, 28% of defatted rice bran replaced the equivalent corn respectively for 28 days during the experiment period. The neutral detergent fiber(NDF) levels in the 5 groups were 8.89%, 11.80%, 12.93%, 14.35% and 17.94%, respectively. All pigs were provided diets and water ad libitum. The feed intake and body weight of all pigs were recorded daily during the experiment period. The fecal samples were collected on the 0 th and 14 th day of the experiment period, and the rectal contents were collected on the 28 th day of the experiment period, which were used for the determination of apparent digestibility of nutrients. All pigs were slaughtered on the 28 th day of the experiment period, and the weight and length of the gastrointestinal tract were measured. The results showed that: 1) No significant difference was observed in the initial body weight, body weight of 14 th of the experiment period, terminal body weight, average daily feed intake(ADFI), average daily gain(ADG), average daily gain from 0 th to 14 th day of the experiment period, average daily gain from 14 th to 28 th day of the experiment period and feed to gain ratio(F/G) among the 5 treatments(P>0.05). However, the average daily gain from 14 th to 28 th day were significantly higher than that from 0 th to 14 th day in control group and group Ⅰ-Ⅳ(P<0.05). The growth curve showed that the inflection points of the growth of the pigs in each group were 18.51 th day(75.87 kg), 15.92 th day(73.61 kg), 17.39 th day(75.91 kg), 17.58 th day(75.45 kg), 16.29 th day(76.15 kg), respectively. Compared with the control group, pigs in the experimental groups reached the inflection point of growth earlier but there was no obvious difference in the growth trend among different groups. 2) Diets with different fiber levels had no significant effect on the relative length and weight of gastrointestinal tract, ratio of large intestine's weight and length to intestinal tract(P>0.05). 3) On the 14 th and 28 th day of the experiment period, with the dietary fiber level increased, no significant difference was observed in the apparent digestibility of NDF among the 5 treatments(P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of acidic detergent fiber(ADF) and crude protein(CP) decreased(linear, quadratic and cubic, P<0.01). On the 14 th day, the apparent digestibility of ether extract(EE) had a decreased trend(quadratic, P<0.10). 4) According to the prediction of cubic curve regression model, the appropriate levels of defatted rice bran substituting corn were 12.77% and 14.78% respectively, when the apparent digestibility of ADF and CP were considered as dependent variance. When the digestive energy and CP of 5 diets were the same and enough, increasing dietary fiber level had no siginficant effect on growth performance, relative intestinal weight and length, apparent digestibility of NDF, but decreased the apparent digestibility of ADF and CP. The defatted rice bran substituting part of the corn was feasible, the optimal ratio was 12.77%.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of defatted rice bran substituting corn levels on growth performance, intestinal development and nutrient apparent digestibility of Suhuai pigs, and select the optimal level of defatted rice bran substituting corn for Suhuai pig.Thirty-five healthy Suhuai castrated boars with similar body weight at(62.90±0.78) kg were selected and randomly divided into 5 treatments(control group, group Ⅰ-Ⅳ) with 7 duplicates for 1 per duplicate. The pre-feeding period of the trial was 10 days and all pigs were fed with the same control diet ad libitum. The pigs in control were provided control diet without defatted rice bran, and the pigs in group Ⅰ-Ⅳ were provided diets that using 7%, 14%, 21%, 28% of defatted rice bran replaced the equivalent corn respectively for 28 days during the experiment period. The neutral detergent fiber(NDF) levels in the 5 groups were 8.89%, 11.80%, 12.93%, 14.35% and 17.94%, respectively. All pigs were provided diets and water ad libitum. The feed intake and body weight of all pigs were recorded daily during the experiment period. The fecal samples were collected on the 0 th and 14 th day of the experiment period, and the rectal contents were collected on the 28 th day of the experiment period, which were used for the determination of apparent digestibility of nutrients. All pigs were slaughtered on the 28 th day of the experiment period, and the weight and length of the gastrointestinal tract were measured. The results showed that: 1) No significant difference was observed in the initial body weight, body weight of 14 th of the experiment period, terminal body weight, average daily feed intake(ADFI), average daily gain(ADG), average daily gain from 0 th to 14 th day of the experiment period, average daily gain from 14 th to 28 th day of the experiment period and feed to gain ratio(F/G) among the 5 treatments(P>0.05). However, the average daily gain from 14 th to 28 th day were significantly higher than that from 0 th to 14 th day in control group and group Ⅰ-Ⅳ(P<0.05). The growth curve showed that the inflection points of the growth of the pigs in each group were 18.51 th day(75.87 kg), 15.92 th day(73.61 kg), 17.39 th day(75.91 kg), 17.58 th day(75.45 kg), 16.29 th day(76.15 kg), respectively. Compared with the control group, pigs in the experimental groups reached the inflection point of growth earlier but there was no obvious difference in the growth trend among different groups. 2) Diets with different fiber levels had no significant effect on the relative length and weight of gastrointestinal tract, ratio of large intestine's weight and length to intestinal tract(P>0.05). 3) On the 14 th and 28 th day of the experiment period, with the dietary fiber level increased, no significant difference was observed in the apparent digestibility of NDF among the 5 treatments(P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of acidic detergent fiber(ADF) and crude protein(CP) decreased(linear, quadratic and cubic, P<0.01). On the 14 th day, the apparent digestibility of ether extract(EE) had a decreased trend(quadratic, P<0.10). 4) According to the prediction of cubic curve regression model, the appropriate levels of defatted rice bran substituting corn were 12.77% and 14.78% respectively, when the apparent digestibility of ADF and CP were considered as dependent variance. When the digestive energy and CP of 5 diets were the same and enough, increasing dietary fiber level had no siginficant effect on growth performance, relative intestinal weight and length, apparent digestibility of NDF, but decreased the apparent digestibility of ADF and CP. The defatted rice bran substituting part of the corn was feasible, the optimal ratio was 12.77%.
引文
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[2] 李碧侠,赵芳,赵为民,等.不同粗纤维水平日粮对育肥后期苏山猪生长性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(10):27-32.LI B X,ZHAO F,ZHAO W M,et al.Effects of different dietary crude fiber levels on the growth performance and slaughter performance of finishing pigs[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2017,38(10):27-32.(in Chinese)
[3] CASAS G A,OVERHOLT M F,DILGER A C,et al.Effects of full fat rice bran and defatted rice bran on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2018,96(6):2293-2309.
[4] COBLE K F,DEROUCHEY J M,TOKACH M D,et al.Effects of withdrawing high-fiber ingredients before marketing on finishing pig growth performance,carcass characteristics,and intestinal weights[J].J Anim Sci,2018,96(1):168-180.
[5] 顾宪红,张名涛,杨琳,等.菊粉对断奶仔猪大肠微生物区系及生产性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2005,36(4):333-336.GU X H,ZHANG M T,YANG L,et al.Effect of inulin on microflora of large intestine and performance in weaning piglets[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2005,36(4):333-336.(in Chinese)
[6] KNUDSEN K E B.The nutritional significance of "dietary fibre" analysis[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2001,90(1-2):3-20.
[7] JHA R,ROSSNAGEL B,PIEPER R,et al.Barley and oat cultivars with diverse carbohydrate composition alter ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility and fermentation metabolites in weaned piglets[J].Animal,2010,4(5):724-731.
[8] NOBLET J,LE GOFF G.Effect of dietary fibre on the energy value of feeds for pigs[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2001,90(1-2):35-52.
[9] 张叶秋,郝帅帅,高硕,等.米糠高纤维日粮对苏淮猪生长性能及肠道功能的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(5):807-813.ZHANG Y Q,HAO S S,GAO S,et al.Effects of rice bran source high fibre diet on growth performance and intestine function of Suhuai pigs[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2016,39(5):807-813.(in Chinese)
[10] VAREL V H,POND W G,YEN J T.Influence of dietary fiber on the performance and cellulase activity of growing-finishing swine[J].J Anim Sci,1984,59(2):388-393.
[11] NDINDANA W,DZAMA K,NDIWENI P N B,et al.Digestibility of high fibre diets and performance of growing Zimbabwean indigenous Mukota pigs and exotic Large White pigs fed maize based diets with graded levels of maize cobs[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2002,97(3-4):199-208.
[12] MONTAGNE L,PLUSKE J R,HAMPSON D J.A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa,and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2003,108(1-4):95-117.
[13] 罗献梅,鲁兴容.日粮纤维的非营养作用[J].畜禽业,2000(9):41.LUO X M,LU X R.Non-nutritional effects of dietary fiber[J].Livestock and Poultry Industry,2000(9):41.(in Chinese)
[14] KJOS N P,OVERLAND M,MATRE T.Pig feed from sugar beet pulp[J].Feed Mix,1999,7(4):8-16.
[15] ZERVAS S,ZIJLSTRA R T.Effects of dietary protein and oathull fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and postprandial plasma urea profiles in grower pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2002,80(12):3238-3246.
[16] ZERVAS S,ZIJLSTRA R T.Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2002,80(12):3247-3256.
[17] 赵瑶,张玲,陈代文,等.短期摄入不同纤维源对猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2018,36(2):238-246.ZHAO Y,ZHANG L,CHEN D W,et al.Effect of short-term feeding of different fibrous sources on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of growing pigs[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2018,36(2):238-246.(in Chinese)
[18] 王嘉为.苜蓿草粉对生长猪生长性能、后肠微生物代谢及机体脂肪酸组成的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.WANG J W.Effect of alfalfa meal on growth performance,microbial metabolism of hindgut and fatty acid composition of growing pigs[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[19] 戎婧,季香,姜建兵,等.不同粗纤维水平的饲粮对肥育淮猪肉质的影响[J].养猪,2011(1):41-42.RONG J,JI X,JIANG J B,et al.Effects of diets with different crude fiber levels on meat quality of finishing Huai pigs[J].Swine Production,2011(1):41-42.(in Chinese)
[20] 陈宏权,蒋模有,赵瑞莲,等.皖南花猪消化系统生长发育研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,1998,25(2):157-162.CHEN H Q,JIANG M Y,ZHAO R L,et al.Studies on growth and development on digestive system of Wannanhua pig[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,1998,25(2):157-162.(in Chinese)
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