一种用于NS-3仿真的电池模型及其数值解法
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摘要
为了解决网络模拟器NS-3不能对无线传感器网络节点的电池信息做出准确仿真的问题,吸收LiIon电池模型和KiBaM电池模型各自的优点,采用LiIon电池模型的方法计算KiBaM电池模型中有效电荷井的输出电压,得到能够体现电池的速率容量效应和自恢复效应、能够反映输出电压随剩余电量降低而降低的KiBaM-LiIon电池模型,并对模型中无法获得解析解的微分方程组求解,基于隐式Runge-Kutta方法,提出了易于编程实现的数值解法。仿真和实验的结果表明,模型及其数值解法能够在NS-3中对电池使用过程中任何时刻的电压、剩余电量等作出准确预测,且具备计算复杂度低的优点。所提出的电池模型及其数值解法不仅适用于NS-3,同样也适用于其他网络模拟器,可为无线传感器网络和移动Ad-hoc网络的研发提供参考。
In order to solve the problem that the network simulator 3(NS-3) cannot accurately simulate the battery information of the wireless sensor network(WSN) node, the LiIon battery model is used to calculate the output voltage of the available charge well(ACW) of the KiBaM battery model by combining the advantages of the LiIon battery model and the KiBaM battery model, then a KiBaM-LiIon battery model that can reflect the rate capacity effect and recovery effect of the battery, as well as the decrease of the output voltage with the decrease of remaining charge is proposed. For solving the ordinary differential equations without analytical solution in the model, an easy programming numerical solution based on the implicit Runge-Kutta method is proposed. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed model and its numerical solution can accurately predict the voltage and remaining charge at any time during battery use in NS-3, and have the advantage of low computational complexity. The proposed battery model and proposed numerical solution are not only applicable to NS-3, but also to other network simulators, which provides good technical support and guarantee for the research and development of WSN and mobile Ad-hoc networks(MANET).
In order to solve the problem that the network simulator 3(NS-3) cannot accurately simulate the battery information of the wireless sensor network(WSN) node, the LiIon battery model is used to calculate the output voltage of the available charge well(ACW) of the KiBaM battery model by combining the advantages of the LiIon battery model and the KiBaM battery model, then a KiBaM-LiIon battery model that can reflect the rate capacity effect and recovery effect of the battery, as well as the decrease of the output voltage with the decrease of remaining charge is proposed. For solving the ordinary differential equations without analytical solution in the model, an easy programming numerical solution based on the implicit Runge-Kutta method is proposed. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed model and its numerical solution can accurately predict the voltage and remaining charge at any time during battery use in NS-3, and have the advantage of low computational complexity. The proposed battery model and proposed numerical solution are not only applicable to NS-3, but also to other network simulators, which provides good technical support and guarantee for the research and development of WSN and mobile Ad-hoc networks(MANET).
引文
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[2] 顾洁,朱宗卫,徐友庆,等.NS-3仿真环境中802.11服务区分机制的研究与实现[J].计算机工程,2018:0051676.GU Jie,ZHU Zongwei,XU Youqing,et al.Research on the service differentiation mechanisms in wireless local area networks by using NS-3[J].Computer Engineering,2018:0051676.
[3] CHE Zhiping,JIN Rencheng,ZHU Ming,et al.Battery optimal scheduling based on energy balance in wireless sensor networks[J].IET Wireless Sensor Systems,2015,5(6):277-282.
[4] 王震.基于双能源的高效节能WSN节点设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.WANG Zhen.The Design of Efficient Energy-Saving WSN Node Based on Dual-Energy[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2015.
[5] LAHIRI K,RAGHUNATHAN A,DEY S,et al.Battery-driven system design:A new frontier in low power design[C]// International Conference on Design Automation Conference.[S.l.]:IEEE,2002:994932.
[6] 许参,李杰,王超.一种高效的多电池系统放电方法[J].电路与系统学报,2005,10(5):144-148.XU Shen,LI Jie,WANG Chao.A effective multiple battery system discharge schedule[J].Journal of Circuits and Systems,2005,10(5):144-148.
[7] 鲍曜.一种低功耗网络控制收发系统的设计与研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.BAO Yao.The Design and Research of A Low-power Network Control Mail System[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.
[8] TREMBLAY O,DESSAINT L A,DEKKICHE A I.A generic battery model for the dynamic simulation of hybrid electric vehicles[C]// Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.[S.l.]:IEEE,2007:4544139.
[9] RAKHMATOV D N,VRUDHULA S B K.An analytical high-level battery model for use in energy management of portable electronic systems[C]// IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design.[S.l.]:IEEE,2001:968687.
[10] RAKHMATOV D N,VRUDHULA S B K.Energy management for battery-powered embedded systems[J].ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems,2003,2(3):277-324.
[11] 张彦琴,刘汉雨,卢明哲.锂离子电池统一充电模型研究[J].电源技术,2015,39(2):283-284.ZHANG Yanqin,LIU Hanyu,LU Mingzhe.Modeling of unified charging of lithium-ion batteries[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2015,39(2):283-284.
[12] JONGERDEN M,HAVERKORT B R.Which battery model to use?[J].IET Software,2010,3(6):445-457.
[13] MANWELL J F,MCGOWAN J G.Lead acid battery storage model for hybrid energy systems[J].Solar Energy,1993,50(5):399-405.
[14] RAO V,SINGHAL G,KUMAR A,et al.Stochastic battery model for embedded systems[C]// Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on VLSI Design.[S.l.]:IEEE,2005:61.
[15] 王闯.锂电池SOC估算方法及串联电池组一致性研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2014.WANG Chuang.Lithium-ion Battery SOC Estimation Method and the Equilibrium of Series Battery Pack Research[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2014.
[16] 余文正.动力电池模型分析及其快速充放电策略研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2013.YU Wenzheng.Power Battery Model Analysis and Its Fast Charge and Discharge Strategy Study[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2013.
[17] 倪素环,杨雪.冲击振动单边单质量破碎系统的非线性动力学分析[J].河北科技大学学报,2017,38(5):469-473.NI Suhuan,YANG Xue.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of single-sided and single-mass crushing system under impact and vibration[J].Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology,2017,38(5):469-473.
[18] 张宏伟.计算机科学计算[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[19] CHEN D J L.The efficiency of Singly-implicit Runge-Kutta methods for stiff differential equations[J].Numerical Algorithms,2014,65(3):533-554.
[20] BUTCHER J C.Implicit runge-kutta processes[J].Mathematics of Computation,1964,18:50-64.
[21] 马泽涛,文鹏,施琳达,等.基于Matlab常微分方程数值解的分析与比较[J].大学教育,2017(12):50-52.