Potassium bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline) oxovanadate suppresses proliferation of hippocampal neuronal cell lines by increasing DNA methyltransferases
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摘要
Bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline) oxovanadate(BpV) can reportedly block the cell cycle. The present study examined whether BpV alters gene expression by affecting DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs), which would impact the cell cycle. Immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal precursor cells(HT_(22)) were treated with 0.3 or 3 μM BpV. Proliferation, morphology, and viability of HT_(22) cells were detected with an IncuCyte real-time video imaging system or inverted microscope and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethonyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, respectively. mRNA and protein expression of DNMTs and p21 in HT_(22) cells was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. In addition, DNMT activity was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effects of BpV on the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results demonstrated that treatment with 0.3 μM BpV did not affect cell proliferation, morphology, or viability; however, treatment with 3 μM BpV decreased cell viability, increased expression of both DNMT3B mRNA and protein, and inhibited the proliferation of HT_(22) cells; and 3 μM BpV also blocked the cell cycle and increased expression of the regulatory factor p21 by increasing DNMT expression in mouse hippocampal neurons.
Bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline) oxovanadate(BpV) can reportedly block the cell cycle. The present study examined whether BpV alters gene expression by affecting DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs), which would impact the cell cycle. Immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal precursor cells(HT_(22)) were treated with 0.3 or 3 μM BpV. Proliferation, morphology, and viability of HT_(22) cells were detected with an IncuCyte real-time video imaging system or inverted microscope and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethonyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, respectively. mRNA and protein expression of DNMTs and p21 in HT_(22) cells was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. In addition, DNMT activity was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effects of BpV on the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results demonstrated that treatment with 0.3 μM BpV did not affect cell proliferation, morphology, or viability; however, treatment with 3 μM BpV decreased cell viability, increased expression of both DNMT3B mRNA and protein, and inhibited the proliferation of HT_(22) cells; and 3 μM BpV also blocked the cell cycle and increased expression of the regulatory factor p21 by increasing DNMT expression in mouse hippocampal neurons.
Bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline) oxovanadate(BpV) can reportedly block the cell cycle. The present study examined whether BpV alters gene expression by affecting DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs), which would impact the cell cycle. Immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal precursor cells(HT_(22)) were treated with 0.3 or 3 μM BpV. Proliferation, morphology, and viability of HT_(22) cells were detected with an IncuCyte real-time video imaging system or inverted microscope and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethonyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, respectively. mRNA and protein expression of DNMTs and p21 in HT_(22) cells was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. In addition, DNMT activity was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effects of BpV on the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results demonstrated that treatment with 0.3 μM BpV did not affect cell proliferation, morphology, or viability; however, treatment with 3 μM BpV decreased cell viability, increased expression of both DNMT3B mRNA and protein, and inhibited the proliferation of HT_(22) cells; and 3 μM BpV also blocked the cell cycle and increased expression of the regulatory factor p21 by increasing DNMT expression in mouse hippocampal neurons.
引文
Alelu-Paz R,Gonzalez-Corpas A,Ashour N,Escanilla A,Monje A,Guerrero Marquez C,Algora Weber M,Ropero S(2014)DNAmethylation pattern of gene promoters of major neurotransmitter systems in older patients with schizophrenia with severe and mild cognitive impairment.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 30:558-565.
Andrezalova L,Gbelcova H,Durackova Z(2013)DNA damage induction and antiproliferative activity of vanadium(V)oxido monoperoxido complex containing two bidentate heteroligands.J Trace Elem Med Biol 27:21-26.
Bestor TH(2000)The DNA methyltransferases of mammals.Hum Mol Genet 9:2395-2402.
Bettscheider M,Kuczynska A,Almeida O,Spengler D(2012)Optimized analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression from small,anatomically-defined areas of the brain.J Vis Exp doi:10.3791/3938.
Bevan AP,Drake PG,Yale JF,Shaver A,Posner BI(1995)Peroxovanadium compounds:biological actions and mechanism of insulin-mimesis.Mol Cell Biochem 153:49-58.
Bieger S,Morinville A,Maysinger D(2002)Bisperoxovanadium complex promotes dopamine exocytosis in PC12 cells.Neurochem Int40:307-314.
Bohmer RM(1982)Flow cytometry and cell proliferation kinetics.Prog Histochem Cytochem 14:1-62.
Caron D,Savard PE,Doillon CJ,Olivier M,Shink E,Lussier JG,Faure RL(2008)Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition induces anti-tumor activity:evidence of Cdk2/p27 kip1 and Cdk2/SHP-1 complex formation in human ovarian cancer cells.Cancer Lett 262:265-275.
Cassinotti E,Melson J,Liggett T,Melnikov A,Yi Q,Replogle C,Mobarhan S,Boni L,Segato S,Levenson V(2012)DNA methylation patterns in blood of patients with colorectal cancer and adenomatous colorectal polyps.Int J Cancer 131:1153-1157.
Cerovac Z,Ban J,Morinville A,Yaccato K,Shaver A,Maysinger D(1999)Activation of MAPK by potassium bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)oxovanadate(V).Neurochem Int 34:337-344.
Chakrabarty S,Banerjee R(2016)Oxidation of L-Methionine by Bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)oxovanadate(V):a mechanistic study.Int J Chem Kinet 48:274-280.
Cheng Y,Yan Z,Liu Y,Liang C,Xia H,Feng J,Zheng G,Luo H(2014)Analysis of DNA methylation patterns associated with the gastric cancer genome.Oncol Lett 7:1021-1026.
Eyvani H,Moghaddaskho F,Kabuli M,Zekri A,Momeny M,Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J,Alimoghaddam K,Ghavamzadeh A,Ghaffari SH(2016)Arsenic trioxide induces cell cycle arrest and alters DNA methylation patterns of cell cycle regulatory genes in colorectal cancer cells.Life Sci 167:67-77.
Fang JY,Lu YY(2002)Effects of histone acetylation and DNA methylation on p21(WAF1)regulation.World J Gastroenterol 8:400-405.
Faure R,Vincent M,Dufour M,Shaver A,Posner BI(1995)Arrest at the G2/M transition of the cell cycle by protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibition:studies on a neuronal and a glial cell line.J Cell Biochem 59:389-401.
Fournel M,Sapieha P,Beaulieu N,Besterman JM,MacLeod AR(1999)Down-regulation of human DNA-(cytosine-5)methyltransferase induces cell cycle regulators p16(ink4A)and p21(WAF/Cip1)by distinct mechanisms.J Biol Chem 274:24250-24256.
Gibbs JR,van der Brug MP,Hernandez DG,Traynor BJ,Nalls MA,Lai SL,Arepalli S,Dillman A,Rafferty IP,Troncoso J,Johnson R,Zielke HR,Ferrucci L,Longo DL,Cookson MR,Singleton AB(2010)Abundant quantitative trait loci exist for DNA methylation and gene expression in human brain.PLoS Genet 6:e1000952.
He M,Liu J,Cheng S,Xing Y,Suo WZ(2013)Differentiation renders susceptibility to excitotoxicity in HT22 neurons.Neural Regen Res8:1297-1306.
Hwang JY,Choi SC,Park JH,Kang SW(2011)The use of green tea extract as a storage medium for the avulsed tooth.J Endod 37:962-967.
Irving E,Stoker AW(2017)Vanadium Compounds as PTP Inhibitors.Molecules 22:E2269.
Jiemjit A,Fandy TE,Carraway H,Bailey KA,Baylin S,Herman JG,Gore SD(2008)p21(WAF1/CIP1)induction by 5-azacytosine nucleosides requires DNA damage.Oncogene 27:3615-3623.
Jung KH,Torrone D,Lovinsky-Desir S,Perzanowski M,Bautista J,Jezioro JR,Hoepner L,Ross J,Perera FP,Chillrud SN,Miller RL(2017)Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and vanadium and changes in asthma gene DNA methylation and lung function decrements among urban children.Respir Res 18:63.
Kioseoglou E,Petanidis S,Gabriel C,Salifoglou A(2015)The chemistry and biology of vanadium compounds in cancer therapeutics.Coord Chem Rev 301-302:87-105.
Levina A,Lay PA(2017)Stabilities and biological activities of vanadium drugs:what is the nature of the active species?Chem Asian J12:1692-1699.
Li Q,Li J,Wen T,Zeng W,Peng C,Yan S,Tan J,Yang K,Liu S,Guo A,Zhang C,Su J,Jiang M,Liu Z,Zhou H,Chen X(2014)Overexpression of HMGB1 in melanoma predicts patient survival and suppression of HMGB1 induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in association with p21(Waf1/Cip1)up-regulation via a p53-independent,Sp1-dependent pathway.Oncotarget 5:6387-6403.
Liu Y,Sun L,Fong P,Yang J,Zhang Z,Yin S,Jiang S,Liu X,Ju H,Huang L,Bai J,Gong K,Yan S,Zhang C,Shao G(2017)An association between overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 3B4 and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Oncotarget 8:19712-19722.
Lou J,Wang Y,Yao C,Jin L,Wang X,Xiao Y,Wu N,Song P,Song Y,Tan Y,Gao M,Liu K,Zhang X(2013)Role of DNA methylation in cell cycle arrest induced by Cr(VI)in two cell lines.PLoS One8:e71031.
Matsugo S,Kanamori K,Sugiyama H,Misu H,Takamura T(2015)Physiological roles of peroxido-vanadium complexes:Leitmotif as their signal transduction pathway.J Inorg Biochem 147:93-98.
Miozzo F,Arnould H,de Thonel A,Schang AL,Saberan-Djoneidi D,Baudry A,Schneider B,Mezger V(2018)Alcohol exposure promotes DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A upregulation through reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms.Cell Stress Chaperones23:115-126.
Mytych J,Zebrowski J,Lewinska A,Wnuk M(2017)Prolonged effects of silver nanoparticles on p53/p21 pathway-mediated proliferation,DNA damage response,and methylation parameters in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells.Mol Neurobiol 54:1285-1300.
Nakashima S,Arnold SA,Mahoney ET,Sithu SD,Zhang YP,D’Souza SE,Shields CB,Hagg T(2008)Small-molecule protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition as a neuroprotective treatment after spinal cord injury in adult rats.J Neurosci 28:7293-7303.
Okano M,Bell DW,Haber DA,Li E(1999)DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.Cell 99:247-257.
Posner BI,Faure R,Burgess JW,Bevan AP,Lachance D,Zhang-Sun G,Fantus IG,Ng JB,Hall DA,Lum BS(1994)Peroxovanadium compounds.A new class of potent phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors which are insulin mimetics.J Biol Chem 269:4596-4604.
Prowse DM,Bolgan L,Molnar A,Dotto GP(1997)Involvement of the Sp3 transcription factor in induction of p21Cip1/WAF1 in keratinocyte differentiation.J Biol Chem 272:1308-1314.
Rodriguez-Osorio N,Wang H,Rupinski J,Bridges SM,Memili E(2010)Comparative functional genomics of mammalian DNA methyltransferases.Reprod Biomed Online 20:243-255.
Saradalekshmi KR,Neetha NV,Sathyan S,Nair IV,Nair CM,Banerjee M(2014)DNA methyl transferase(DNMT)gene polymorphisms could be a primary event in epigenetic susceptibility to schizophrenia.PLoS One 9:e98182.
Shao G,Zhang R,Zhang S,Jiang S,Liu Y,Zhang W,Zhang Y,Li J,Gong K,Hu XR,Jiang SW(2013)Splice variants DNMT3B4 and DNMT3B7 overexpression inhibit cell proliferation in 293A cell line.In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 51:210.
Stephens C,Reisenauer A,Wright R,Shapiro L(1996)A cell cycle-regulated bacterial DNA methyltransferase is essential for viability.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:1210-1214.
Taberlay PC,Jones PA(2011)DNA methylation and cancer.Prog Drug Res 67:1-23.
Tasdogan A,Kumar S,Allies G,Bausinger J,Beckel F,Hofemeister H,Mulaw M,Madan V,Scharfetter-Kochanek K,Feuring-Buske M,Doehner K,Speit G,Stewart AF,Fehling HJ(2016)DNA damage-induced HSPC malfunction depends on ROS accumulation downstream of IFN-1 signaling and Bid mobilization.Cell Stem Cell19:752-767.
Wu Q,Ni X(2015)ROS-mediated DNA methylation pattern alterations in carcinogenesis.Curr Drug Targets 16:13-19.
Xiong H,Chen ZF,Liang QC,Du W,Chen HM,Su WY,Chen GQ,Han ZG,Fang JY(2009)Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling.J Cell Mol Med 13:3668-3679.
Yang J,Zhang Z,Jiang S,Zhang M,Lu J,Huang L,Zhang T,Go ng K,Yan S,Yang Z,Shao G(2016)Vanadate-induced antiproliferative and apoptotic response in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line EC109.J Toxicol Environ Health A 79:864-868.
Yang J,Tian X,Yang J,Cui J,Jiang S,Shi R,Liu Y,Liu X,Xu W,Xie W,Jia X,Bade R,Zhang T,Zhang M,Gong K,Yan S,Yang Z,Shao G(2017)5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine,a DNA methylation inhibitor,induces cytotoxicity,cell cycle dynamics and alters expression of DNAmethyltransferase 1 and 3A in mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells.J Toxicol Environ Health A 80:1222-1229.
Yang P,Dankowski A,Hagg T(2007)Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition reduces degeneration of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons and projections in 6-OHDA treated adult rats.Eur J Neurosci 25:1332-1340.
Yu JY,Lee JJ,Jung JK,Kim TJ,Yoo HS,Yun YP,Lee JC(2009)JY0691,a newly synthesized obovatol derivative,inhibits cell cycle progression of rat aortic smooth muscle cells through up-regulation of p21(cip1).Eur J Pharmacol 624:23-30.
Yu L,Dawe RJ,Boyle PA,Gaiteri C,Yang J,Buchman AS,Schneider JA,Arfanakis K,De Jager PL,Bennett DA(2017)Association between brain gene expression,DNA methylation,and alteration of ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging transverse relaxation in late-life cognitive decline.JAMA Neurol 74:1473-1480.
Zhang S,Zhang Y,Jiang S,Liu Y,Huang L,Zhang T,Lu G,Gong K,Ji X,Shao G(2014)The effect of hypoxia preconditioning on DNAmethyltransferase and PP1gamma in hippocampus of hypoxia preconditioned mice.High Alt Med Biol 15:483-490.
Zhang Z,Yang J,Liu X,Jia X,Xu S,Gong K,Yan S,Zhang C,Shao G(2016)Effects of 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine on expression of PP1gamma in learning and memory.Biomed Pharmacother 84:277-283.
Zhao Z,Lu R,Zhang B,Shen J,Yang L,Xiao S,Liu J,Suo WZ(2016)Differentiation of HT22 neurons induces expression of NMDA receptor that mediates homocysteine cytotoxicity.Neurol Res 34:38-43.
Zurlo D,Leone C,Assante G,Salzano S,Renzone G,Scaloni A,Foresta C,Colantuoni V,Lupo A(2013)Cladosporol a stimulates G1-phase arrest of the cell cycle by up-regulation of p21(waf1/cip1)expression in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells.Mol Carcinog 52:1-17.
Andrezalova L,Gbelcova H,Durackova Z(2013)DNA damage induction and antiproliferative activity of vanadium(V)oxido monoperoxido complex containing two bidentate heteroligands.J Trace Elem Med Biol 27:21-26.
Bestor TH(2000)The DNA methyltransferases of mammals.Hum Mol Genet 9:2395-2402.
Bettscheider M,Kuczynska A,Almeida O,Spengler D(2012)Optimized analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression from small,anatomically-defined areas of the brain.J Vis Exp doi:10.3791/3938.
Bevan AP,Drake PG,Yale JF,Shaver A,Posner BI(1995)Peroxovanadium compounds:biological actions and mechanism of insulin-mimesis.Mol Cell Biochem 153:49-58.
Bieger S,Morinville A,Maysinger D(2002)Bisperoxovanadium complex promotes dopamine exocytosis in PC12 cells.Neurochem Int40:307-314.
Bohmer RM(1982)Flow cytometry and cell proliferation kinetics.Prog Histochem Cytochem 14:1-62.
Caron D,Savard PE,Doillon CJ,Olivier M,Shink E,Lussier JG,Faure RL(2008)Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition induces anti-tumor activity:evidence of Cdk2/p27 kip1 and Cdk2/SHP-1 complex formation in human ovarian cancer cells.Cancer Lett 262:265-275.
Cassinotti E,Melson J,Liggett T,Melnikov A,Yi Q,Replogle C,Mobarhan S,Boni L,Segato S,Levenson V(2012)DNA methylation patterns in blood of patients with colorectal cancer and adenomatous colorectal polyps.Int J Cancer 131:1153-1157.
Cerovac Z,Ban J,Morinville A,Yaccato K,Shaver A,Maysinger D(1999)Activation of MAPK by potassium bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)oxovanadate(V).Neurochem Int 34:337-344.
Chakrabarty S,Banerjee R(2016)Oxidation of L-Methionine by Bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)oxovanadate(V):a mechanistic study.Int J Chem Kinet 48:274-280.
Cheng Y,Yan Z,Liu Y,Liang C,Xia H,Feng J,Zheng G,Luo H(2014)Analysis of DNA methylation patterns associated with the gastric cancer genome.Oncol Lett 7:1021-1026.
Eyvani H,Moghaddaskho F,Kabuli M,Zekri A,Momeny M,Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J,Alimoghaddam K,Ghavamzadeh A,Ghaffari SH(2016)Arsenic trioxide induces cell cycle arrest and alters DNA methylation patterns of cell cycle regulatory genes in colorectal cancer cells.Life Sci 167:67-77.
Fang JY,Lu YY(2002)Effects of histone acetylation and DNA methylation on p21(WAF1)regulation.World J Gastroenterol 8:400-405.
Faure R,Vincent M,Dufour M,Shaver A,Posner BI(1995)Arrest at the G2/M transition of the cell cycle by protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibition:studies on a neuronal and a glial cell line.J Cell Biochem 59:389-401.
Fournel M,Sapieha P,Beaulieu N,Besterman JM,MacLeod AR(1999)Down-regulation of human DNA-(cytosine-5)methyltransferase induces cell cycle regulators p16(ink4A)and p21(WAF/Cip1)by distinct mechanisms.J Biol Chem 274:24250-24256.
Gibbs JR,van der Brug MP,Hernandez DG,Traynor BJ,Nalls MA,Lai SL,Arepalli S,Dillman A,Rafferty IP,Troncoso J,Johnson R,Zielke HR,Ferrucci L,Longo DL,Cookson MR,Singleton AB(2010)Abundant quantitative trait loci exist for DNA methylation and gene expression in human brain.PLoS Genet 6:e1000952.
He M,Liu J,Cheng S,Xing Y,Suo WZ(2013)Differentiation renders susceptibility to excitotoxicity in HT22 neurons.Neural Regen Res8:1297-1306.
Hwang JY,Choi SC,Park JH,Kang SW(2011)The use of green tea extract as a storage medium for the avulsed tooth.J Endod 37:962-967.
Irving E,Stoker AW(2017)Vanadium Compounds as PTP Inhibitors.Molecules 22:E2269.
Jiemjit A,Fandy TE,Carraway H,Bailey KA,Baylin S,Herman JG,Gore SD(2008)p21(WAF1/CIP1)induction by 5-azacytosine nucleosides requires DNA damage.Oncogene 27:3615-3623.
Jung KH,Torrone D,Lovinsky-Desir S,Perzanowski M,Bautista J,Jezioro JR,Hoepner L,Ross J,Perera FP,Chillrud SN,Miller RL(2017)Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and vanadium and changes in asthma gene DNA methylation and lung function decrements among urban children.Respir Res 18:63.
Kioseoglou E,Petanidis S,Gabriel C,Salifoglou A(2015)The chemistry and biology of vanadium compounds in cancer therapeutics.Coord Chem Rev 301-302:87-105.
Levina A,Lay PA(2017)Stabilities and biological activities of vanadium drugs:what is the nature of the active species?Chem Asian J12:1692-1699.
Li Q,Li J,Wen T,Zeng W,Peng C,Yan S,Tan J,Yang K,Liu S,Guo A,Zhang C,Su J,Jiang M,Liu Z,Zhou H,Chen X(2014)Overexpression of HMGB1 in melanoma predicts patient survival and suppression of HMGB1 induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in association with p21(Waf1/Cip1)up-regulation via a p53-independent,Sp1-dependent pathway.Oncotarget 5:6387-6403.
Liu Y,Sun L,Fong P,Yang J,Zhang Z,Yin S,Jiang S,Liu X,Ju H,Huang L,Bai J,Gong K,Yan S,Zhang C,Shao G(2017)An association between overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 3B4 and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Oncotarget 8:19712-19722.
Lou J,Wang Y,Yao C,Jin L,Wang X,Xiao Y,Wu N,Song P,Song Y,Tan Y,Gao M,Liu K,Zhang X(2013)Role of DNA methylation in cell cycle arrest induced by Cr(VI)in two cell lines.PLoS One8:e71031.
Matsugo S,Kanamori K,Sugiyama H,Misu H,Takamura T(2015)Physiological roles of peroxido-vanadium complexes:Leitmotif as their signal transduction pathway.J Inorg Biochem 147:93-98.
Miozzo F,Arnould H,de Thonel A,Schang AL,Saberan-Djoneidi D,Baudry A,Schneider B,Mezger V(2018)Alcohol exposure promotes DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A upregulation through reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms.Cell Stress Chaperones23:115-126.
Mytych J,Zebrowski J,Lewinska A,Wnuk M(2017)Prolonged effects of silver nanoparticles on p53/p21 pathway-mediated proliferation,DNA damage response,and methylation parameters in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells.Mol Neurobiol 54:1285-1300.
Nakashima S,Arnold SA,Mahoney ET,Sithu SD,Zhang YP,D’Souza SE,Shields CB,Hagg T(2008)Small-molecule protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition as a neuroprotective treatment after spinal cord injury in adult rats.J Neurosci 28:7293-7303.
Okano M,Bell DW,Haber DA,Li E(1999)DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.Cell 99:247-257.
Posner BI,Faure R,Burgess JW,Bevan AP,Lachance D,Zhang-Sun G,Fantus IG,Ng JB,Hall DA,Lum BS(1994)Peroxovanadium compounds.A new class of potent phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors which are insulin mimetics.J Biol Chem 269:4596-4604.
Prowse DM,Bolgan L,Molnar A,Dotto GP(1997)Involvement of the Sp3 transcription factor in induction of p21Cip1/WAF1 in keratinocyte differentiation.J Biol Chem 272:1308-1314.
Rodriguez-Osorio N,Wang H,Rupinski J,Bridges SM,Memili E(2010)Comparative functional genomics of mammalian DNA methyltransferases.Reprod Biomed Online 20:243-255.
Saradalekshmi KR,Neetha NV,Sathyan S,Nair IV,Nair CM,Banerjee M(2014)DNA methyl transferase(DNMT)gene polymorphisms could be a primary event in epigenetic susceptibility to schizophrenia.PLoS One 9:e98182.
Shao G,Zhang R,Zhang S,Jiang S,Liu Y,Zhang W,Zhang Y,Li J,Gong K,Hu XR,Jiang SW(2013)Splice variants DNMT3B4 and DNMT3B7 overexpression inhibit cell proliferation in 293A cell line.In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 51:210.
Stephens C,Reisenauer A,Wright R,Shapiro L(1996)A cell cycle-regulated bacterial DNA methyltransferase is essential for viability.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:1210-1214.
Taberlay PC,Jones PA(2011)DNA methylation and cancer.Prog Drug Res 67:1-23.
Tasdogan A,Kumar S,Allies G,Bausinger J,Beckel F,Hofemeister H,Mulaw M,Madan V,Scharfetter-Kochanek K,Feuring-Buske M,Doehner K,Speit G,Stewart AF,Fehling HJ(2016)DNA damage-induced HSPC malfunction depends on ROS accumulation downstream of IFN-1 signaling and Bid mobilization.Cell Stem Cell19:752-767.
Wu Q,Ni X(2015)ROS-mediated DNA methylation pattern alterations in carcinogenesis.Curr Drug Targets 16:13-19.
Xiong H,Chen ZF,Liang QC,Du W,Chen HM,Su WY,Chen GQ,Han ZG,Fang JY(2009)Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling.J Cell Mol Med 13:3668-3679.
Yang J,Zhang Z,Jiang S,Zhang M,Lu J,Huang L,Zhang T,Go ng K,Yan S,Yang Z,Shao G(2016)Vanadate-induced antiproliferative and apoptotic response in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line EC109.J Toxicol Environ Health A 79:864-868.
Yang J,Tian X,Yang J,Cui J,Jiang S,Shi R,Liu Y,Liu X,Xu W,Xie W,Jia X,Bade R,Zhang T,Zhang M,Gong K,Yan S,Yang Z,Shao G(2017)5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine,a DNA methylation inhibitor,induces cytotoxicity,cell cycle dynamics and alters expression of DNAmethyltransferase 1 and 3A in mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells.J Toxicol Environ Health A 80:1222-1229.
Yang P,Dankowski A,Hagg T(2007)Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition reduces degeneration of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons and projections in 6-OHDA treated adult rats.Eur J Neurosci 25:1332-1340.
Yu JY,Lee JJ,Jung JK,Kim TJ,Yoo HS,Yun YP,Lee JC(2009)JY0691,a newly synthesized obovatol derivative,inhibits cell cycle progression of rat aortic smooth muscle cells through up-regulation of p21(cip1).Eur J Pharmacol 624:23-30.
Yu L,Dawe RJ,Boyle PA,Gaiteri C,Yang J,Buchman AS,Schneider JA,Arfanakis K,De Jager PL,Bennett DA(2017)Association between brain gene expression,DNA methylation,and alteration of ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging transverse relaxation in late-life cognitive decline.JAMA Neurol 74:1473-1480.
Zhang S,Zhang Y,Jiang S,Liu Y,Huang L,Zhang T,Lu G,Gong K,Ji X,Shao G(2014)The effect of hypoxia preconditioning on DNAmethyltransferase and PP1gamma in hippocampus of hypoxia preconditioned mice.High Alt Med Biol 15:483-490.
Zhang Z,Yang J,Liu X,Jia X,Xu S,Gong K,Yan S,Zhang C,Shao G(2016)Effects of 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine on expression of PP1gamma in learning and memory.Biomed Pharmacother 84:277-283.
Zhao Z,Lu R,Zhang B,Shen J,Yang L,Xiao S,Liu J,Suo WZ(2016)Differentiation of HT22 neurons induces expression of NMDA receptor that mediates homocysteine cytotoxicity.Neurol Res 34:38-43.
Zurlo D,Leone C,Assante G,Salzano S,Renzone G,Scaloni A,Foresta C,Colantuoni V,Lupo A(2013)Cladosporol a stimulates G1-phase arrest of the cell cycle by up-regulation of p21(waf1/cip1)expression in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells.Mol Carcinog 52:1-17.