基于SHAW模型的科尔沁草甸地冻融期土壤水热盐动态模拟研究
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摘要
[目的]探讨季节性冻融期土壤水热盐动态变化及其机理,对干旱半干旱地区土壤盐渍化防护与治理提供一定的理论依据。[方法]以科尔沁草甸地为研究对象,利用2013年11月至2014年5月科尔沁左翼后旗阿古拉生态水文试验站草甸地试验点的水热盐观测资料,通过SHAW模型进行仿真模拟分析。[结果]模型对土壤热量和盐分的模拟结果较好,模拟期土壤水分模拟的标准偏差(root mean square error,RMSE)为0.02~0.07。受草甸地地下水位影响,模型对含水率的模拟结果偏差较大,但其标准偏差及平均偏差均处于允许范围内。[结论]将SHAW模型作为相关研究仿真模拟的优选模型,可以弥补人工观测数据间断或缺失的不足,可以被借鉴定量模拟预测农田在自然条件下的垂向一维冻土—非冻土系统内的水热盐迁移状况。
[Objective]To explore the dynamic changes of soil hydrothermal and salt in seasonal freezing and thawing period and its mechanism in order to provide some theoretical basis for soil salinization protection and administer in arid and semi arid areas.[Methods]Horqin meadowland was taken as a research area.Where the hydrothermal and salt observation data of meadow in the Aruga Eco-hydrological Experimental Station of Horqin left-wing post in November 2013—2014,were simulated and analyzed by SHAW model.[Results]The simulated results of soil heat and salt were better,and the root mean square error(RMSE)was 0.02~0.07.Due to the influence of meadow groundwater level,the model has a large deviation from the simulation results of water content,but its standard deviation and mean deviation are within allowable range.[Conclusion]The SHAW model can be used as the optimal model for the simulation of the study.It can compensate for the shortage of artificial observation data intermittent or missing,and can quantitatively predict the migrationof hydrothermal salt in the vertical one-dimensional permafrost and free permafrost system under natural conditions.
[Objective]To explore the dynamic changes of soil hydrothermal and salt in seasonal freezing and thawing period and its mechanism in order to provide some theoretical basis for soil salinization protection and administer in arid and semi arid areas.[Methods]Horqin meadowland was taken as a research area.Where the hydrothermal and salt observation data of meadow in the Aruga Eco-hydrological Experimental Station of Horqin left-wing post in November 2013—2014,were simulated and analyzed by SHAW model.[Results]The simulated results of soil heat and salt were better,and the root mean square error(RMSE)was 0.02~0.07.Due to the influence of meadow groundwater level,the model has a large deviation from the simulation results of water content,but its standard deviation and mean deviation are within allowable range.[Conclusion]The SHAW model can be used as the optimal model for the simulation of the study.It can compensate for the shortage of artificial observation data intermittent or missing,and can quantitatively predict the migrationof hydrothermal salt in the vertical one-dimensional permafrost and free permafrost system under natural conditions.
引文
[1]郭占荣,荆恩春,聂振龙,等.冻结期和冻融期土壤水分运移特征分析[J].水科学进展,2005,13(3):298-302.
[2]王生廷,盛煜,吴吉春,等.祁连山大通河源区冻土特征及变化趋势[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):27-37.
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[8]陈晓飞,田静,张雪萍,等.积雪融雪过程中水、热、溶质耦合运移规律的研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(1):287-292.
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[10]陈晓磊,杨梅学,万国宁,等.CLM3和SHAW模式在青藏高原中部NMQ站的模拟研究[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(2):291-300.
[11]郭东林,杨梅学.SHAW模式对青藏高原中部季节冻土区土壤温、湿度的模拟[J].高原气象,2010,29(6):1369-1377.
[12]Kang Ersi,Cheng Guodong,Song Kechao,et al.Simulation of energy and water balance in soil-vegetationatmosphere transfer system in the mountain area of Heihe river basin at Hexi corridor of northwest China[J].Science in China(D),2005,48(4):538-548.
[13]罗斯琼,张宇,吕世华.黄土高原沙壤土冻融过程的观测和模拟[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(2):234-243.
[14]常龙艳,戴长雷,商允虎,等.冻融和非冻融条件下包气带土壤墒情垂向变化的试验与分析[J].水科学进展,2014,36(4):1031-1041.
[15]Flerchinger G N,Saxton K E.Simultaneous heat and water model of a freezing snow-residue-soil system(I):Theory and development[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(2):565-0571.
[16]成向荣,黄明斌,邵明安.基于SHAW模型的黄土高原半干旱区农田土壤水分动态模拟[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):1-7.
[17]郑冬梅,许林书,罗金明,等.松嫩平原盐沼湿地冻融期水盐动态研究:吉林省长岭县十三泡地区湖滩地为例[J].湿地科学,2005,3(1):48-53.
[2]王生廷,盛煜,吴吉春,等.祁连山大通河源区冻土特征及变化趋势[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):27-37.
[3]赵显波,刘铁军,许士国,等.季节冻土区黑土耕层土壤冻融过程及水分变化[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):233-240.
[4]焦永亮,李韧,赵林,等.多年冻土区活动层冻融状况及土壤水分运移特征[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(2):237-247.
[5]张泉,刘咏梅,杨勤科,等.祁连山退化高寒草甸土壤水分空间变异特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(1):88-94.
[6]吴谋松,王康,谭霄,等.土壤冻融过程中水流迁移特性及通量模拟[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):543-550.
[7]胡列群,武鹏飞,梁凤超,等.新疆冬春季积雪及温度对冻土深度的影响分析[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(1):48-54.
[8]陈晓飞,田静,张雪萍,等.积雪融雪过程中水、热、溶质耦合运移规律的研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(1):287-292.
[9]赵林,李韧,丁永建.唐古拉地区活动层土壤水热特征的模拟研究[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(6):930-937.
[10]陈晓磊,杨梅学,万国宁,等.CLM3和SHAW模式在青藏高原中部NMQ站的模拟研究[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(2):291-300.
[11]郭东林,杨梅学.SHAW模式对青藏高原中部季节冻土区土壤温、湿度的模拟[J].高原气象,2010,29(6):1369-1377.
[12]Kang Ersi,Cheng Guodong,Song Kechao,et al.Simulation of energy and water balance in soil-vegetationatmosphere transfer system in the mountain area of Heihe river basin at Hexi corridor of northwest China[J].Science in China(D),2005,48(4):538-548.
[13]罗斯琼,张宇,吕世华.黄土高原沙壤土冻融过程的观测和模拟[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(2):234-243.
[14]常龙艳,戴长雷,商允虎,等.冻融和非冻融条件下包气带土壤墒情垂向变化的试验与分析[J].水科学进展,2014,36(4):1031-1041.
[15]Flerchinger G N,Saxton K E.Simultaneous heat and water model of a freezing snow-residue-soil system(I):Theory and development[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(2):565-0571.
[16]成向荣,黄明斌,邵明安.基于SHAW模型的黄土高原半干旱区农田土壤水分动态模拟[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):1-7.
[17]郑冬梅,许林书,罗金明,等.松嫩平原盐沼湿地冻融期水盐动态研究:吉林省长岭县十三泡地区湖滩地为例[J].湿地科学,2005,3(1):48-53.