应用于中高温增强型地热系统的有机朗肯循环经济性分析
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摘要
为了更有效利用中高温地热能源,对应用于增强型地热系统的有机朗肯循环进行了热力性与经济性分析。建立有机朗肯循环热力学模型,基于热力学第一与第二定律进行分析,选取适用于中高温地热的最优工质。结果表明Cyclohexane表现出最佳的热力学性能。以Cyclohexane为工质,将静态投资回收期和生命周期内的平准化发电成本作为经济性指标,考虑增强型地热的地下井部分的投资与运营维护,进行经济性分析。结果表明,随着地热井深度的增加,静态投资回收期缩短至一半,但后期下降非常缓慢。平准化发电成本也随着钻井深度的增加而降低,之后达到最小值。敏感性分析表明,增强型地热的地上设备成本和上网电价分别对平准化发电成本和静态投资回收期有较大影响。
In order to utilize middle-high temperature geothermal energy more efficiently,this paper analyzes the thermodynamic and economic performance of organic rankine cycle( ORC) for enhanced geothermal systems( EGS). The ORC thermodynamic model was established and a thermodynamics analysis was carried out based on the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. selecting the optimal working fluids suitable for the middle-high temperature geothermal system. It was found that Cyclohexane showed the best thermodynamic performance. Taking Cyclohexane as the working medium,and the levelized cost of energy within the static payback period of investment and life cycle as economic indicators to analyze economic performance. The investment and operating & maintenance of the underground well in the enhanced geothermal system were also taken into account in the analysis. Economic analysis results show that with the increase of geothermal well depth,the static payback period of EGS is half-shortened,however,such decrease is very slow in later period. At the same time,the levelized cost of energy steadily declines and then reaches the minimum value. Sensitive analysis demonstrates that the enhanced geothermal equipment cost on the ground and the feed-in tariff price have greater impact on the levelized cost of energy and static payback period.
In order to utilize middle-high temperature geothermal energy more efficiently,this paper analyzes the thermodynamic and economic performance of organic rankine cycle( ORC) for enhanced geothermal systems( EGS). The ORC thermodynamic model was established and a thermodynamics analysis was carried out based on the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. selecting the optimal working fluids suitable for the middle-high temperature geothermal system. It was found that Cyclohexane showed the best thermodynamic performance. Taking Cyclohexane as the working medium,and the levelized cost of energy within the static payback period of investment and life cycle as economic indicators to analyze economic performance. The investment and operating & maintenance of the underground well in the enhanced geothermal system were also taken into account in the analysis. Economic analysis results show that with the increase of geothermal well depth,the static payback period of EGS is half-shortened,however,such decrease is very slow in later period. At the same time,the levelized cost of energy steadily declines and then reaches the minimum value. Sensitive analysis demonstrates that the enhanced geothermal equipment cost on the ground and the feed-in tariff price have greater impact on the levelized cost of energy and static payback period.
引文
[1]LIU Gang. Development of a general sustainability indicator for renewable energy systems:a review[J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2014,31:611-621.
[2]LIU Gang,ZHOU Bingjie,LIAO Shengming. Inverting methods for thermal reservoir evaluation of enhanced geothermal system[J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2018,82:471-476.
[3]BROWN D. The US hot dry rock program-20 years of experience in reservoir testing[C]//Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress. Florence,Italy,1995:2607-2611.
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[7]郭丛,杜小泽,杨立军,等.地热源非共沸工质有机朗肯循环发电性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(32):5701-5708.
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[10]郭丛,杜小泽,杨立军,等.地热能有机朗肯循环发电系统性能分析[J].热力发电,2014,43(6):11-16.
[11]ASTOLFI M,ROMANO M C,BOMBARDA P,et al. Binary ORC(organic Rankine cycles)power plants for the exploitation of medium—low temperature geothermal sources—Part A:thermodynamic optimization[J]. Energy,2014,66:423-434.
[12]ASTOLFI M,ROMANO M C,BOMBARDA P,et al. Binary ORC(Organic Rankine Cycles)power plants for the exploitation of medium—low temperature geothermal sources—Part B:Techno-economic optimization[J]. Energy,2014,66:435-446.
[13]HEBERLE F,SCHIFFLECHNER C,BRGGEMANN D.Life cycle assessment of Organic Rankine Cycles for geothermal power generation considering low-GWP working fluids[J]. Geothermics,2016,64:392-400.
[14]ZHU Jialing,HU Kaiyong,ZHANG Wei,et al. A study on generating a map for selection of optimum power generation cycles used for enhanced geothermal systems[J]. Energy,2017,133:502-512.
[15]ZARE V. A comparative exergoeconomic analysis of different ORC configurations for binary geothermal power plants[J]. Energy conversion and management,2015,105:127-138.
[16]BANKS D. An introduction to thermogeology:ground source heating and cooling[M]. 2nd ed. New York:John Wiley&Sons,2012.
[17]姜光政,高堋,饶松,等.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):2892-2910.
[18]WONG K V,TAN N. Feasibility of using more geothermal energy to generate electricity[J]. Journal of energy resources technology,2015,137(4):041201.
[19]FRITZ B,JACQUOT E,JACQUEMONT B,et al. Geochemical modelling of fluid—rock interactions in the context of the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal system[J].Comptes rendus geoscience,2010,342(7/8):653-667.
[20]KUTASOV I M,EPPELBAUM L V. Estimation of geothermal gradients from single temperature log-field cases[J]. Journal of geophysics and engineering,2009,6(2):131-135.
[21]LUKAWSKI M Z,ANDERSON B J,AUGUSTINE C,et al. Cost analysis of oil,gas,and geothermal well drilling[J]. Journal of petroleum science and engineering,2014,118:1-14.
[22]TESTER J W,HERZOG H J. Economic predictions for heat mining:a review and analysis of hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal energy technology[R]. Cambridge,Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1990.
[23]SHOCK R A W. An economic assessment of hot dry rocks as an energy source for the UK[M]. Energy Technology Support Unit,Energy Technology Division,AERE,1986.
[24]ENTINGH D. Historical and future cost of electricity from hydrothermal binary and hot dry rock reservoirs,1975-2000[J]. Alexandria,VA,USA,1987.
[25]HORI Y. On economics of hot dry rock geothermal power station and related documents[R]. Corporate Foundation Central Research Institute for Electric Power,Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Power Station Cost Study Committee report,1986:385001.
[26]CAPUANO JR L,HUH M,SWANSON R,et al. Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGS)well construction technology evaluation report[R]. Sandia:Sandia National Laboratories,2008.
[27]DUNN P,SELMAN N,VOLPE A D,et al. Baseline system costs for 50. 0 MW enhanced geothermal system-A function of:working fluid,technology,and location,location,location[R]. Milford,CT,United States:Gas Equipment Engineering Corp,2012.
[2]LIU Gang,ZHOU Bingjie,LIAO Shengming. Inverting methods for thermal reservoir evaluation of enhanced geothermal system[J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2018,82:471-476.
[3]BROWN D. The US hot dry rock program-20 years of experience in reservoir testing[C]//Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress. Florence,Italy,1995:2607-2611.
[4]RAHBAR K,MAHMOUD S,AL-DADAH R K,et al. Review of organic Rankine cycle for small-scale applications[J]. Energy conversion and management,2017,134:135-155.
[5]QUOILIN S,DECLAYE S,TCHANCHE B F,et al. Thermo-economic optimization of waste heat recovery Organic Rankine Cycles[J]. Applied thermal engineering,2011,31(14/15):2885-2893.
[6]朱家玲,吕心力.增强型地热发电系统优化及经济性分析[J].地热能,2016(6):6.
[7]郭丛,杜小泽,杨立军,等.地热源非共沸工质有机朗肯循环发电性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(32):5701-5708.
[8]王建永,王江峰,王红阳,等.有机朗肯循环地热发电系统工质选择[J].工程热物理学报,2017,38(1):11-17.
[9]王志奇,周乃君,夏小霞,等.有机朗肯循环发电系统的多目标参数优化[J].化工学报,2013,64(5):1710-1716.
[10]郭丛,杜小泽,杨立军,等.地热能有机朗肯循环发电系统性能分析[J].热力发电,2014,43(6):11-16.
[11]ASTOLFI M,ROMANO M C,BOMBARDA P,et al. Binary ORC(organic Rankine cycles)power plants for the exploitation of medium—low temperature geothermal sources—Part A:thermodynamic optimization[J]. Energy,2014,66:423-434.
[12]ASTOLFI M,ROMANO M C,BOMBARDA P,et al. Binary ORC(Organic Rankine Cycles)power plants for the exploitation of medium—low temperature geothermal sources—Part B:Techno-economic optimization[J]. Energy,2014,66:435-446.
[13]HEBERLE F,SCHIFFLECHNER C,BRGGEMANN D.Life cycle assessment of Organic Rankine Cycles for geothermal power generation considering low-GWP working fluids[J]. Geothermics,2016,64:392-400.
[14]ZHU Jialing,HU Kaiyong,ZHANG Wei,et al. A study on generating a map for selection of optimum power generation cycles used for enhanced geothermal systems[J]. Energy,2017,133:502-512.
[15]ZARE V. A comparative exergoeconomic analysis of different ORC configurations for binary geothermal power plants[J]. Energy conversion and management,2015,105:127-138.
[16]BANKS D. An introduction to thermogeology:ground source heating and cooling[M]. 2nd ed. New York:John Wiley&Sons,2012.
[17]姜光政,高堋,饶松,等.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):2892-2910.
[18]WONG K V,TAN N. Feasibility of using more geothermal energy to generate electricity[J]. Journal of energy resources technology,2015,137(4):041201.
[19]FRITZ B,JACQUOT E,JACQUEMONT B,et al. Geochemical modelling of fluid—rock interactions in the context of the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal system[J].Comptes rendus geoscience,2010,342(7/8):653-667.
[20]KUTASOV I M,EPPELBAUM L V. Estimation of geothermal gradients from single temperature log-field cases[J]. Journal of geophysics and engineering,2009,6(2):131-135.
[21]LUKAWSKI M Z,ANDERSON B J,AUGUSTINE C,et al. Cost analysis of oil,gas,and geothermal well drilling[J]. Journal of petroleum science and engineering,2014,118:1-14.
[22]TESTER J W,HERZOG H J. Economic predictions for heat mining:a review and analysis of hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal energy technology[R]. Cambridge,Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1990.
[23]SHOCK R A W. An economic assessment of hot dry rocks as an energy source for the UK[M]. Energy Technology Support Unit,Energy Technology Division,AERE,1986.
[24]ENTINGH D. Historical and future cost of electricity from hydrothermal binary and hot dry rock reservoirs,1975-2000[J]. Alexandria,VA,USA,1987.
[25]HORI Y. On economics of hot dry rock geothermal power station and related documents[R]. Corporate Foundation Central Research Institute for Electric Power,Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Power Station Cost Study Committee report,1986:385001.
[26]CAPUANO JR L,HUH M,SWANSON R,et al. Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGS)well construction technology evaluation report[R]. Sandia:Sandia National Laboratories,2008.
[27]DUNN P,SELMAN N,VOLPE A D,et al. Baseline system costs for 50. 0 MW enhanced geothermal system-A function of:working fluid,technology,and location,location,location[R]. Milford,CT,United States:Gas Equipment Engineering Corp,2012.