从中心到边缘:南京国民政府初期李石曾政治权势演变研究
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摘要
李石曾出生于清廷重臣之家,受教于社会名流之门,又是同盟会草创初期的会员,种种有利条件使他成为了具有特殊地位的党国元老,1927至1932年是他政治生涯中最为辉煌的时期,清党运动、中原大战、宁粤对峙等历次重要事件,他都多有参与,且发挥了相当的作用。而1932年后,随着蒋介石在政治上的权力日益巩固,李石曾在政治上日益边缘化,成为了虚悬的门面。李石曾这种从中心到边缘的权势演变趋势,既是国民党建政初期元老权势演变的缩影,又充分反映出了蒋介石与元老权势关系的若干特质:即蒋介石的权力获得必然伴随着元老的权力流失,他们结成利益共同体,在反向互动中实现了权势的转移。
Li Shizeng was born in the important minister of the Qing dynasty's home, and was taught by the famous teacher. Also, he was the earliest member of the Chinese Revolutionary League. These favorable conditions made him become the senior statesman who had a special status. The period between 1927 and1932 was the most brilliant politic time for Li Shizeng, during which he exerted political influence in several vital events including Qing Dang(Purging the KMT) Movement, Central Plains War and Confrontation between the Central Nanking Government and Guangdong Provincial Government. However, as the political maturity of Chiang Kai-Shek after 1932, Li Shizeng was politically marginalized and became a dangling facade. The trend of power evolution like Li Shizeng, from the center to the periphery, was the epitome of the power evolution of many Kuomintang patriarchs in the initial stage of the Nanjing National Government,which also fully reflected something special in the power relationship between Chiang Kai-Shek and patriarchs.The acquisition of Chiang Kai-shek's power is inevitably accompanied by the loss of power of the patriarchs. They formed a community of interests and realized the transfer of power in the reverse interaction.
Li Shizeng was born in the important minister of the Qing dynasty's home, and was taught by the famous teacher. Also, he was the earliest member of the Chinese Revolutionary League. These favorable conditions made him become the senior statesman who had a special status. The period between 1927 and1932 was the most brilliant politic time for Li Shizeng, during which he exerted political influence in several vital events including Qing Dang(Purging the KMT) Movement, Central Plains War and Confrontation between the Central Nanking Government and Guangdong Provincial Government. However, as the political maturity of Chiang Kai-Shek after 1932, Li Shizeng was politically marginalized and became a dangling facade. The trend of power evolution like Li Shizeng, from the center to the periphery, was the epitome of the power evolution of many Kuomintang patriarchs in the initial stage of the Nanjing National Government,which also fully reflected something special in the power relationship between Chiang Kai-Shek and patriarchs.The acquisition of Chiang Kai-shek's power is inevitably accompanied by the loss of power of the patriarchs. They formed a community of interests and realized the transfer of power in the reverse interaction.
引文
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[3]杨恺龄.民国李石曾先生煜瀛年谱[M].台北:商务印书馆,1980.
[4]尚爱松.我所知道的李石曾[A].蒋路,刘北汜,尚爱松,编.史迹文踪[M].上海:上海书店,1994.
[5]吕芳上.蒋中正先生年谱长编[M].台北:国史馆,2014.
[6]辅仁.中国政局的鸟瞰[J].现代评论,1927,5(127):9-12.
[7]李石曾.现今革命之意义[A].清党运动[M].全国各大书坊,1927.
[8]王奇生.党员、党权与党争:1924-1949年中国国民党的组织形态[M].上海:上海书店出版社,2009.
[9]邵元冲.邵元冲日记[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1990.
[10]毕万闻.张学良文集[M].北京:新华出版社,1992.
[11]吴范寰.李石曾与北平大学区[A].中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会文史资料研究委员会,编.文史资料选辑(第11卷,第34辑)[M].北京:中国文史出版社,2011.
[12]汪朝光,王奇生,金以林.天下得失:蒋介石的人生[M].太原:山西人民出版社,2012.
[13]郭廷以,张朋园.白瑜先生访问记录[M].北京:九州出版社,2012.
[14]何成浚.何成浚将军战时日记[M].台北:传记文学出版社,1986.
[15]王子壮.王子壮日记(第9册)[M].台北:中央研究院近代史研究所,2001.