激光选区熔化成形纯铜的工艺及其性能研究
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摘要
铜及其合金因具有优良的导热性能而被应用于模具制造业,而激光选区熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)技术能够有效成形高性能复杂结构模具。目前采用SLM成形铜及其合金的研究较少,系统地研究了SLM成形纯铜的工艺参数,获得了最优工艺窗口下成形的纯铜块体的显微形貌、物相及其机械性能等。在激光功率360 W、扫描速度600 mm/s的最佳参数组合下,得到了致密度接近88%的纯铜试样,其表面和侧面的维氏硬度分别为42.9±6.8、32.8±4.5 HV,试样的平均抗拉强度和延伸率分别为95.0±24.2 MPa、8.9±3.8%。该研究为SLM成形纯铜应用于工业尤其是模具制造业提供了理论与工艺借鉴。
Copper and its alloys are applied to the mold manufacturing industry due to its excellent thermal conductivity,and selective laser melting(SLM)technology can effectively form high-performance complex structure molds. At present, there are few researches on SLM forming copper and its alloys. The process parameters of SLM forming pure copper are systematically studied, and the microstructure, phase and mechanical properties of the pure copper blocks formed under the optimum process window are obtained. Under the optimal combination of laser power of 360 W and scanning speed of 600 mm/s, a pure copper sample with a density close to 88% was obtained. The Vickers hardness of the surface and side views were 42.9±6.8 and 32.8±4.5 HV, respectively. The average tensile strength and elongation of the samples were 95.0 ± 24.2 MPa and 8.9 ± 3.8%, respectively. This study provides theoretical and technological reference for the application of SLM formed pure copper to industry, especially mold manufacturing.
Copper and its alloys are applied to the mold manufacturing industry due to its excellent thermal conductivity,and selective laser melting(SLM)technology can effectively form high-performance complex structure molds. At present, there are few researches on SLM forming copper and its alloys. The process parameters of SLM forming pure copper are systematically studied, and the microstructure, phase and mechanical properties of the pure copper blocks formed under the optimum process window are obtained. Under the optimal combination of laser power of 360 W and scanning speed of 600 mm/s, a pure copper sample with a density close to 88% was obtained. The Vickers hardness of the surface and side views were 42.9±6.8 and 32.8±4.5 HV, respectively. The average tensile strength and elongation of the samples were 95.0 ± 24.2 MPa and 8.9 ± 3.8%, respectively. This study provides theoretical and technological reference for the application of SLM formed pure copper to industry, especially mold manufacturing.
引文
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[2] 印飞,王亦新,洪慎章,等.挤压铸造的应用与模具材料[J].机械工程材料,2000,24(2):28-29.
[3] 龚红英,罗晨苗,陈学义,等.LCT铜合金的研制及在压铸模压射头上的应用[J].材料开发与应用,1999,14(5):24-27.
[4] 柯秉光.3D打印在模具制造中的应用[J].金属加工:冷加工,2016(22):36-37.
[5] AHN D G.Applications of laser assisted metal rapid tooling process to manufacture of molding & forming tools-state of the art[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2011,12(5):925-938.
[6] ZHANG S,WEI Q S,CHENG L Y,et al.Effects of scan line spacing on pore characteristics and mechanical properties of porous Ti6Al4V implants fabricated by selective laser melting[J].Materials & Design,2014(63):185-193.
[7] WEN S F,LI S,WEI Q S,et al.Effect of molten pool boundaries on the mechanical properties of selective laser melting parts[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214(11):2660-2667.
[8] ZHAO X,WEI Q S,SONG B,et al.Fabrication and characterization of AISI 420 stainless steel using selective laser melting[J].Materials and Manufacturing Processes,2015,30(11):1283-1289.
[9] VENTURA A P,WADE C A,PAWLIKOWSKI G,et al.Mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of Cu-4.3%Sn fabricated by selective laser melting[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions:A,2017,48(1):178-187.
[10] MAO Z,ZHANG D Z,WEI P,et al.Manufacturing feasibility and forming properties of Cu-4Sn in selective laser melting[J].Materials,2017,10(4):333.
[11] SONG B,DONG S J,DENG S H,et al.Microstructure and tensile properties of iron parts fabricated by selective laser melting[J].Optics & Laser Technology,2014(56):451-460.
[12] 万映铭,常仕博,宋孟,等.工业纯铜极薄带轧件的微尺度效应[J].金属热处理,2018,43(2):96-98.