高固相含量浆料浸渗法制备C/C-SiC复合材料及其性能
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摘要
采用高固相含量浆料浸渗法制备C/C-SiC复合坯体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)增密制得C/C-SiC复合材料。对浸渗浆料的流变行为以及C/C-SiC复合材料的微观结构、力学性能和抗烧蚀性能进行研究。结果表明:用体积分数为5%乙醇水溶液制备SiC浆料,当浆料pH值为6,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)质量分数为0.7%,固相体积分数为40%时,浆料具有良好的流动性和渗透性。浆料浸渗后的坯体中,SiC颗粒主要分布在网胎层及针刺纤维区域。C/C-SiC复合材料具有优良的力学性能,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为335.7 MPa和16.2 MPa·m1/2。在2 000℃氧乙炔焰烧蚀条件下,SiC被氧化生成的Si O2可填充气孔、裂纹等缺陷,防止材料进一步氧化,使得C/C-SiC复合材料表现出良好的耐烧蚀性能。
C/C-SiC composites were prepared by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation and densified by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP) process. The rheological properties of the slurry, the microstructure, the mechanical properties and the ablative properties of the composites were studied. The results show that a good fluidity and permeability high-solid-loading(40%) SiC slurry can be prepared with 5% ethanol water, when the pH value of slurry is 6 and the mass fraction of PEI is 0.7%. SiC mainly concentrates in the fiber webs between the non-woven layers homogeneously. The bending strength and fracture toughness of C/C-SiC composites are 335.7 MPa and 16.2 MPa·m~(1/2), respectively. C/C-SiC composites have good ablation resistance at 2 000 ℃, and the oxidation product SiO_2 can fill the defects such as pores and cracks to prevent the further oxidation of the materials.
C/C-SiC composites were prepared by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation and densified by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP) process. The rheological properties of the slurry, the microstructure, the mechanical properties and the ablative properties of the composites were studied. The results show that a good fluidity and permeability high-solid-loading(40%) SiC slurry can be prepared with 5% ethanol water, when the pH value of slurry is 6 and the mass fraction of PEI is 0.7%. SiC mainly concentrates in the fiber webs between the non-woven layers homogeneously. The bending strength and fracture toughness of C/C-SiC composites are 335.7 MPa and 16.2 MPa·m~(1/2), respectively. C/C-SiC composites have good ablation resistance at 2 000 ℃, and the oxidation product SiO_2 can fill the defects such as pores and cracks to prevent the further oxidation of the materials.
引文
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[29]FLATT R J,BOWEN P.Yodel:A yield stress model for suspensions[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2006,89(1):1244-1256.
[30]彭可,易茂中,刘勋,等.SiC/MoSi2纳米复合材料的显微结构与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(12):2155-2161.PENG Ke,YI Maozhong,LIU Xun,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC/MoSi2 nanocomposites[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2009,19(12):2155-2161.
[31]郑文伟,陈朝辉,姚俊涛.碳纤维编织物中真空浸渍引入SiC微粉的工艺研究[J].航空材料学报,2005,25(2):55-58.ZHENG Wenwei,CHEN Zhaohui,YAO Juntao.Introduction process of SiC fillers into carbon fiber preform by Vacuum Infiltration[J].Journal of Aeronautial Materials,2005,25(2):55-58.
[32]曹柳絮,陈建勋,刘春轩,等.聚炭硅烷的高温陶瓷化机理[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(1):52-57.CAO L X,CHEN J X,LIU C X,et al.Ceramization mechanism of polycarbosilane treated with high temperature[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014(1):52-57.
[33]ZHANG M Y,SU Z A,LI J L,et al.Bending properties and fracture mechanism of C/C composites with high density perform[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(8):1795-1800.
[2]NIE J J,XU Y D,ZHANG L T,et al.Ablation properties of three dimensional needled C/SiC composites by the chemical vapor infiltration[J].J Chin Ceram Soc(in Chinese),2006,34(10):1238-1242.
[3]FAN S,ZHANG L,XU Y,et al.Microstructure and tribological properties of advanced carbon/silicon carbide aircraft brake materials[J].Composites Science&Technology,2008,68(14):3002-3009.
[4]FAN S,ZHANG L,CHENG L,et al.Wear mechanisms of the C/SiC brake materials[J].Tribology International,2011,44(1):25-28.
[5]LANGHOF N,RABENSTEIN M,ROSENLOCHER J,et al.Full-ceramic brake systems for high performance friction applications[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2016,36(1):3823-3832.
[6]FAN S,ZHANG L,CHENG L,et al.Effect of braking pressure and braking speed on the tribological properties of C/SiC aircraft brake materials[J].Compos Sci Technol,2010,70(1):959-965
[7]马青松,陈朝辉,郑文伟,等.先驱体转化法制备连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究[J].材料科学与工程,2001,19(4):110-121.MA Q S,CHEN Z H,ZHENG W W,et al.Research and development of continuous-fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites fabricated by precursor-infiltration-pyrolysis[J].Material Science and Engineering,2001,19(4):110-121.
[8]YU H Q,CHEN C L,ZOU W,et al.Fabrication and properties of C/C-SiC matrix composites[J].Aerospace Mater Technol(in Chinese),2001,31(2):28-32.
[9]LI F,CHEN Z H,WANG S,et al.Effect of pyrolysis modeof first cycle on Cf/SiC composites fabricated by precursor pyrolysis[J].J Aeronaut Mater(in Chinese),2006,26(2):29-32.
[10]杜红娜.先驱体转化法制备C/C-SiC复合材料的研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006.DU Hongna.Preparation of C/C-SiC composites by precursor transformation[D].Xi’an:North Polytechnic University,2006.
[11]邓景屹,刘文川,魏永良,等.用化学气相渗法制备炭纤维增强炭-炭化硅梯度基复合材料[J].炭素,1995(2):4-8.DENG Jingyi,LIU Wenchuan,WEI Yongliang,et al.Carbon fiber reinforced C and SiC gradient matrix composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration[J].Carbon,1995(2):4-8.
[12]时启龙.化学气相渗透制备C/C-SiC摩擦材料的微观结构及摩擦行为研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.SHI Qilong.Microstructure and tribological behavior of C/C-SiC friction materials prepared by Chemical Vapor infiltration[D].Changsha:Central South University,2012.
[13]唐睿,王继平,龙冲生,等.反应熔渗法制备C/C-SiC材料的组织结构及性能[J].核动力工程,2009,30(1):68-72.TANG Rui,WANG Jiping,LONG Chongsheng,et al.Structure and properties of C/C-SiC prepared by reactive melt infiltration[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,2009,30(1):68-72.
[14]姜广鹏,徐永东,张军战.反应熔体浸渗法制备C/SiC复合材料的显微结构与摩擦性能[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2005(1):25-28.JIANG Guangpeng,XU Yongdong,ZHANG Junzhan.Microstucture and friction property of C/SiC composite made by Reactive melt infiltration[J].FRP/Composite,2005,(1):25-28.
[15]WANG Z,DONG S M.Fabrication and Properties of C-f/SiC-ZrC Composites[J].J Am Ceram:soc,2008,91(10):3434-3436.
[16]WANG Z,DONG S M,DING Y S,et al.Mechanical properties and microstructures of Cf/SiC-ZrC composites using T700SCcarbon fibers as reinforcements[J].Ceramics International,2011,37(3):695-700.
[17]HU H,WANG Q,CHEN Z,et al.Preparation and characterization of C/SiC-ZrB2 composites by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2009,36(3):1011-1016.
[18]张智,郝志彪,闫联生.C/C-SiC复合材料制备方法及应用现状[J].炭素,2008(2):29-35.ZHANG Zhi,HAO Zhibiao,YAN Liansheng.Preparation methods and application of C/C-SiC composites[J].Carbon,2008(2):29-35.
[19]郭春园,闫联生,孟祥利,等.C/C-SiC复合材料制备技术及应用现状[J].航天制造技术,2017(1):2-6.GUO Chunyuan,YAN Liansheng,MENG Xiangli,et al.Fabrication and application of C/C-SiC composites[J].Aerospace Manufacturing Technology,2017(1):2-6.
[20]法伦霍尔茨,艾瑞克·乌齐纳,威廉·李,等.超高温陶瓷:应用于极端环境的材料[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2016.FATHRENHOLTZ,WUCHINA E,LEE W,et al.Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics Materials for Extreme Environment Applications[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2016.
[21]PAUL A,VENUGOPAL S,BINNER J,et al.UHTC-carbon fibre composites:Preparation,oxyacetylene torch testing and characterisation[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2013,33(2):423-432.
[22]郑文伟,陈朝辉,姚俊涛.碳纤维编织物中真空浸渍引入SiC微粉的工艺研究[J].航空材料学报,2005,25(2):55-58.ZHENG Wenwei,CHEN Zhaohui,YAO Juntao.Introduction process of SiC fillers into carbon fiber preform by Vacuum Infiltration[J].Journal of Aeronautial Materials,2005,25(2):55-58.
[23]HE Zhangxing,JIANG Yingqiao,LI Yuehua,et al.Carbon layer-exfoliated,wettability-enhanced,SO3H-functionalized carbon paper:a superior positive electrode for vanadium redox flow battery[J].Carbon,2018,127:297-304.
[24]周静红,隋志军,李平,等.纳米炭纤维的表面润湿行为[J].新型炭材料,2006,21(4):331-336.ZHOU Jinghong,SUI Zhijun,LI Ping,et al.The wettability of carbon nanofibers[J].New Carbon Materials.2006,21(4):331-336.
[25]郑强.炭/炭-石墨材料的制备与性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.ZHENG Qiang.Preparation of carbon/carbon-graphite composites and its properties[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of technology,2013.
[26]ASCHAUER U,BURGOS M O,MORENO R,et al.Hamaker 2:A toolkit for the calculation of particle interactions and suspension stability and its application to mullite synthesis by colloidal methods[J].Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology,2011,32(1):470-479.
[27]BOWEN P.Particle size distribution measurement from millimeters to nanometers and from rods to platelets[J].Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology,2002,23(1):631-662.
[28]ZHOU T,LI H Z.Estimation of agglomerate size for cohesive particles during fluidization[J].Powder Technology,1999,101(1):57-62.
[29]FLATT R J,BOWEN P.Yodel:A yield stress model for suspensions[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2006,89(1):1244-1256.
[30]彭可,易茂中,刘勋,等.SiC/MoSi2纳米复合材料的显微结构与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(12):2155-2161.PENG Ke,YI Maozhong,LIU Xun,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC/MoSi2 nanocomposites[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2009,19(12):2155-2161.
[31]郑文伟,陈朝辉,姚俊涛.碳纤维编织物中真空浸渍引入SiC微粉的工艺研究[J].航空材料学报,2005,25(2):55-58.ZHENG Wenwei,CHEN Zhaohui,YAO Juntao.Introduction process of SiC fillers into carbon fiber preform by Vacuum Infiltration[J].Journal of Aeronautial Materials,2005,25(2):55-58.
[32]曹柳絮,陈建勋,刘春轩,等.聚炭硅烷的高温陶瓷化机理[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(1):52-57.CAO L X,CHEN J X,LIU C X,et al.Ceramization mechanism of polycarbosilane treated with high temperature[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014(1):52-57.
[33]ZHANG M Y,SU Z A,LI J L,et al.Bending properties and fracture mechanism of C/C composites with high density perform[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(8):1795-1800.