饲粮添加黄芪和乳酸菌对青脚麻肉鸡生长性能、肠道微生物及抗氧化性能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加黄芪和乳酸菌对青脚麻肉鸡生长性能、肠道微生物及抗氧化性能的影响。选用健康、体重相近的25日龄雄性青脚麻肉鸡200只,随机分为4组,每组25个重复,每个重复2只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(含1%苜蓿草粉),黄芪组以1%黄芪粉替换基础饲粮中的苜蓿草粉,乳酸菌组在基础饲粮中添加4.5×10~7CFU/g乳酸菌,黄芪+乳酸菌组以1%黄芪粉替换基础饲粮中的苜蓿草粉同时添加4.5×10~7CFU/g乳酸菌。试验期40 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加黄芪、乳酸菌或二者联合添加对肉鸡平均日采食量没有显著影响(P>0.05),但显著提高平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加黄芪、乳酸菌或二者联合添加显著增加盲肠中乳酸杆菌数量(P<0.05),显著降低大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加黄芪、乳酸菌或二者联合添加对胸肌和腿肌pH没有显著影响(P>0.05),但可不同程度改善亮度、红度、黄度值及剪切力等感官性状指标。4)与对照组相比,饲粮添加黄芪及黄芪和乳酸菌联合添加显著提高肉鸡血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及肝脏T-AOC (P<0.05),但添加乳酸菌对上述指标没有显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,1%黄芪和4.5×10~7CFU/g乳酸菌联合添加对提高肉鸡生长性能、改善肉色、提高抗氧化能力和维持肠道微生物平衡有一定的协同作用。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary Astragalus mongholicus and Lactobacillus on growth performance,intestinal microflora and antioxidant ability of broilers.Two hundred Qingjiaoma male broilers at 25 days of age were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 25 replicates per group and 2 broilers per replicate.The broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet(contained 1% alfalfa meal),and those in Astragalus mongholicus group were fed the basal diet with 1% Astragalus mongholicus to replace the alfalfa meal,those in Lactobacillus group were fed the basal diet with 4.5×10~7 CFU/g Lactobacillus,and those in Astragalus mongholicus+Lactobacillus group were fed the basal diet with 1% Astragalus mongholicus to replace the alfalfa meal and added 4.5×10~7 CFU/g Lactobacillus,respectively.The experiment lasted for 40 days.The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group,diets supplemented with Astragalus mongholicus,Lactobacillus or both of them did not significantly affect average daily feed intake(ADFI) of broilers(P>0.05),but significantly increased average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.05),and significantly decreased feed/gain(F/G)(P<0.05).2) Compared with the control group,diets supplemented with Astragalus mongholicus,Lactobacillus or both of them could significantly promote the proliferation of Lactobacilli(P<0.05)and significantly inhibit the proliferation of Escherichia coli in caecum(P<0.05).3) Compared with the control group,diets supplemented with Astragalus mongholicus,Lactobacillus or both of them had no significant effect on the pH of breast and thigh muscle(P>0.05),but the sensory traits such as brightness,reddishness,yellowness values and shear stress of breast and thigh muscle were improved to some extent.4) Astragalus mongholicus and the combination of Astragalus mongholicus and Lactobacillus could significantly increase plasma total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity and liver T-AOC(P<0.05),but Lactobacillus had no significant effect on these antioxidant indexes(P>0.05).It can be concluded that diets supplemented with 1% Astragalus mongholicus and 4.5×10~7 CFU/g Lactobacillus together have synergistic effects on increasing growth performance,improving meat color and antioxidant capacity,and maintaining intestinal microflora balance of broilers.
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary Astragalus mongholicus and Lactobacillus on growth performance,intestinal microflora and antioxidant ability of broilers.Two hundred Qingjiaoma male broilers at 25 days of age were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 25 replicates per group and 2 broilers per replicate.The broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet(contained 1% alfalfa meal),and those in Astragalus mongholicus group were fed the basal diet with 1% Astragalus mongholicus to replace the alfalfa meal,those in Lactobacillus group were fed the basal diet with 4.5×10~7 CFU/g Lactobacillus,and those in Astragalus mongholicus+Lactobacillus group were fed the basal diet with 1% Astragalus mongholicus to replace the alfalfa meal and added 4.5×10~7 CFU/g Lactobacillus,respectively.The experiment lasted for 40 days.The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group,diets supplemented with Astragalus mongholicus,Lactobacillus or both of them did not significantly affect average daily feed intake(ADFI) of broilers(P>0.05),but significantly increased average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.05),and significantly decreased feed/gain(F/G)(P<0.05).2) Compared with the control group,diets supplemented with Astragalus mongholicus,Lactobacillus or both of them could significantly promote the proliferation of Lactobacilli(P<0.05)and significantly inhibit the proliferation of Escherichia coli in caecum(P<0.05).3) Compared with the control group,diets supplemented with Astragalus mongholicus,Lactobacillus or both of them had no significant effect on the pH of breast and thigh muscle(P>0.05),but the sensory traits such as brightness,reddishness,yellowness values and shear stress of breast and thigh muscle were improved to some extent.4) Astragalus mongholicus and the combination of Astragalus mongholicus and Lactobacillus could significantly increase plasma total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity and liver T-AOC(P<0.05),but Lactobacillus had no significant effect on these antioxidant indexes(P>0.05).It can be concluded that diets supplemented with 1% Astragalus mongholicus and 4.5×10~7 CFU/g Lactobacillus together have synergistic effects on increasing growth performance,improving meat color and antioxidant capacity,and maintaining intestinal microflora balance of broilers.
引文
[1]杨恒伟.黄芪对肉鸡生产性能、免疫性能和抗氧化性能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2010.
[2]金美林,岳小婧,莫才红,等.日粮添加黄芪和锌对肉鸡生产性能、肠道微生物及抗氧化能力的影响[J].中兽医医药杂志,2017,36(4):55-58.
[3]习南,康佳,郝李娟,等.黄芪茎叶超微粉对雏鸡免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(10):1663-1667.
[4]KIM Y J,BOSTAMI A B M R,ISLAM M M,et al.Effect of fermented Ginkgo biloba and Camelia sinensisbased probiotics on growth performance,immunity and caecal microbiology in broilers[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2016,15(2):62-71.
[5]ZEINY MUTWAKIL M,MOHAMED SABIR J,ALAKILLI S,et al.Evaluation of the potential genotoxicity of antibiotics alternative probiotics used in livestock and poultry[J].Journal of Food,Agriculture and Environment,2014,12(2):591-598.
[6]ZHUANG S,JIANG F B,JIA Z X,et al.Clostridium butyricum can be used as a potential alternative for the antibiotic in cherry valley ducks[J].The Journal of Animal&Plant Sciences,2015,25(5):1227-1232.
[7]谢文惠,姜宁,张爱忠.复合益生菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):360-367.
[8]WANG Y H,HUANG Y.Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum supplementation to standard triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication and dynamic changes in intestinal flora[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,30(3):847-853.
[9]SUDA Y,VILLENA J,TAKAHASHI Y,et al.Immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii as immune-health promoting factor to improve growth performance and productivity in post-weaning pigs[J].BMC Immunology,2014,15:24.
[10]QING X D,ZENG D,WANG H S,et al.Preventing subclinical necrotic enteritis through Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 by ameliorating lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens[J].AMB Express,2017,7(1):139.
[11]SAINT-CYR M J,HADDAD N,TAMINIAU B,et al.Use of the potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus salivarius SMXD51 to control Campylobacter jejuni in broilers[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2017,247:9-17.
[12]ASKELSON T E,CAMPASINO A,LEE J T,et al.Evaluation of phytate-degrading Lactobacillus culture administration to broiler chickens[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2014,80(3):943-950.
[13]DE CESARE A,SIRRI F,MANFREDA G,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL(CECT 4529)on caecum microbioma and productive performance in broiler chickens[J].PLoS One,2017,12(5):e0176309.
[14]谢全喜,张建梅,谷巍.植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国饲料.2013(14):26-30.
[15]张彩凤,王晓翠,张海军,等.乳酸菌和酵母菌复合制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1248-1256.
[16]POORBAGHI S L,GHEISARI H,DADRAS H,et al.Effects of simple and microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus with or without inulin on the broiler meat quality infected by avian influenza virus(H9N2)[J].Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,2016,8(4):221-228.
[17]李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖及益生菌合生元对雏鸡肠道微生态区系的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(3):21-25.
[18]KARAOGLU M,AKSU M I,ESENBUGA N,et al.Effect of dietary probiotic on the pH and colour characteristics of carcasses,breast fillets and drumsticks of broilers[J].Animal Science,2004,78(2):253-259.
[19]ZHU N H,ZHANG R J,WU H,et al.Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance,x anthophyll deposition,a nd color of the meat and skin of broilers[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2009,18(3):570-578.
[20]AKIBA Y,SATO K,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Meat color modification in broiler chickens by feeding yeast Phaffia rhodozyma containing high concentrations of astaxanthin[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2001,10(2):154-161.
[21]HUYGHEBAERT G,DUCATELLE R,VAN IMMERSEELF.An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers[J].The Veterinary Journal,2011,187(2):182-188.
[22]闫东方,刘建学,綦文涛,等.微囊化唾液乳杆菌对肉鸡生产性能、血清抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(11):52-57.
[2]金美林,岳小婧,莫才红,等.日粮添加黄芪和锌对肉鸡生产性能、肠道微生物及抗氧化能力的影响[J].中兽医医药杂志,2017,36(4):55-58.
[3]习南,康佳,郝李娟,等.黄芪茎叶超微粉对雏鸡免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(10):1663-1667.
[4]KIM Y J,BOSTAMI A B M R,ISLAM M M,et al.Effect of fermented Ginkgo biloba and Camelia sinensisbased probiotics on growth performance,immunity and caecal microbiology in broilers[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2016,15(2):62-71.
[5]ZEINY MUTWAKIL M,MOHAMED SABIR J,ALAKILLI S,et al.Evaluation of the potential genotoxicity of antibiotics alternative probiotics used in livestock and poultry[J].Journal of Food,Agriculture and Environment,2014,12(2):591-598.
[6]ZHUANG S,JIANG F B,JIA Z X,et al.Clostridium butyricum can be used as a potential alternative for the antibiotic in cherry valley ducks[J].The Journal of Animal&Plant Sciences,2015,25(5):1227-1232.
[7]谢文惠,姜宁,张爱忠.复合益生菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):360-367.
[8]WANG Y H,HUANG Y.Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum supplementation to standard triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication and dynamic changes in intestinal flora[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,30(3):847-853.
[9]SUDA Y,VILLENA J,TAKAHASHI Y,et al.Immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii as immune-health promoting factor to improve growth performance and productivity in post-weaning pigs[J].BMC Immunology,2014,15:24.
[10]QING X D,ZENG D,WANG H S,et al.Preventing subclinical necrotic enteritis through Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 by ameliorating lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens[J].AMB Express,2017,7(1):139.
[11]SAINT-CYR M J,HADDAD N,TAMINIAU B,et al.Use of the potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus salivarius SMXD51 to control Campylobacter jejuni in broilers[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2017,247:9-17.
[12]ASKELSON T E,CAMPASINO A,LEE J T,et al.Evaluation of phytate-degrading Lactobacillus culture administration to broiler chickens[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2014,80(3):943-950.
[13]DE CESARE A,SIRRI F,MANFREDA G,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL(CECT 4529)on caecum microbioma and productive performance in broiler chickens[J].PLoS One,2017,12(5):e0176309.
[14]谢全喜,张建梅,谷巍.植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国饲料.2013(14):26-30.
[15]张彩凤,王晓翠,张海军,等.乳酸菌和酵母菌复合制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1248-1256.
[16]POORBAGHI S L,GHEISARI H,DADRAS H,et al.Effects of simple and microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus with or without inulin on the broiler meat quality infected by avian influenza virus(H9N2)[J].Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,2016,8(4):221-228.
[17]李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖及益生菌合生元对雏鸡肠道微生态区系的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(3):21-25.
[18]KARAOGLU M,AKSU M I,ESENBUGA N,et al.Effect of dietary probiotic on the pH and colour characteristics of carcasses,breast fillets and drumsticks of broilers[J].Animal Science,2004,78(2):253-259.
[19]ZHU N H,ZHANG R J,WU H,et al.Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance,x anthophyll deposition,a nd color of the meat and skin of broilers[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2009,18(3):570-578.
[20]AKIBA Y,SATO K,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Meat color modification in broiler chickens by feeding yeast Phaffia rhodozyma containing high concentrations of astaxanthin[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2001,10(2):154-161.
[21]HUYGHEBAERT G,DUCATELLE R,VAN IMMERSEELF.An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers[J].The Veterinary Journal,2011,187(2):182-188.
[22]闫东方,刘建学,綦文涛,等.微囊化唾液乳杆菌对肉鸡生产性能、血清抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(11):52-57.