长江流域抑螺防病林生态服务功能评估
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摘要
为定量评估长江流域抑螺防病林生态系统的服务功能价值,科学评价林业血防工程生态效益,依据林业行业技术规程LY/T 1721-2008《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》,选取涵养水源、保持土壤、固碳、释氧、生物多样性保护、抑螺防病6项功能对长江流域抑螺防病林的生态服务功能进行评估。结果显示:2006-2013年长江流域抑螺防病林生态系统服务功能生态效益显著,涵养水源16.16×10~8t,保持土壤1.46×10~8 t,固碳0.10×10~8 t,释氧0.29×10~8t,钉螺Oncomelania hupensis面积减少24.35×10~7 m~2,血吸虫病患者减少61.31×10~4人,总价值967.20×10`8元。其中抑螺防病功能价值最大,占全部生态系统服务功能价值的35.87%,是非抑螺防病林不具备的功能,其次释氧价值占33.06%,固碳价值占13.02%,涵养水源价值占9.17%,保持土壤价值占7.31%,生物多样性保护所占比例最少,仅有1.57%。抑螺防病林生态服务功能价值大小为湖南>湖北>江西>安徽>江苏>四川>云南,其中抑螺防病功能价值最大的为安徽省,达7省抑螺防病功能总价值的18.17%,但其余5项服务价值最大的为湖南省。研究发现,在抑螺防病林的全方位生态系统服务功能中,抑螺防病功能、释氧、固碳、涵养水源、保持土壤等5项生态服务功能价值共占生态系统服务功能价值量的98.43%,是生态服务功能的主体,各种服务功能价值量大小排序为抑螺防病功能价值>释氧功能价值>固碳功能价值>涵养水源功能价值>保持土壤功能价值>生物多样性保护功能价值。其中,湖南省对血吸虫病防治工作的高度重视使抑螺效果发挥作用最大;云南省山丘区,钉螺适生环境多样,而且其生命力强,繁殖快,血吸虫病的预防和控制难度相对较大,抑螺效益不显著。
To assess the ecosystem services value of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention in the Yangtze River Basin, The Benefit Of Forestry Schistosomiasis Prevention Ecological Project, referenced as Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008), was evaluated scientifically by market value method and shadow engineering method selecting water conservation, soil conservation,carbon sequestration, oxygen released, biodiversity conservation, snail control and schistosomiasis prevention to value ecosystem services. Results showed that ecosystem service ecological benefit of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention in the Yangtze River Basin was great from 2006-2013 with water conservation totaling 16.16 ×10~8tons, soil conservation 1.46 ×10~8tons, carbon sequestration 0.10 ×10~8tons, oxygen released0.29 ×10~8tons, snail area decreasing 24.35 ×10~7square meters, and the number of schistosomiasis patients decreasing by 613.1 thousand. This was a saving of about 967.20 ×10~8Yuan in all. Snail control and schistosomiasis prevention had the greatest value accounting for 35.87%, oxygen release accounted for 33.06%, carbon sequestration accounted for 13.02%, water conservation accounted for 9.17%, soil conservation accounted for7.31%, and biodiversity conservation had the least value, accounting for 1.57%. The ecosystem services value for different provinces was Hunan >Hubei >Jiangxi >Anhui >Jiangsu >Sichuan >Yunnan. Of the seven provinces, snail control and schistosomiasis prevention of Anhui Province was greatest accounting for 18.17%.The other five function values were largest in Hunan Province. The study found that the comprehensive ecosystem service of snail prevention and control, oxygen release, carbon sequestration, water conservation, and soil conservation accounted for 98.43% of the ecosystem service value. The government of Hunan Province attached great importance to the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis and undertook suppressing snail work the most. In hilly regions of Yunnan Province, Oncomelania Snail has a variety of environment, and its vitality is strong and its reproduction is fast, the difficulty of the prevention and control of schistosomiasis is relatively large, and the benefit of the snail suppression is not significant. This study provided a scientific basis for understanding the ecological role of snail prevention and control.
To assess the ecosystem services value of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention in the Yangtze River Basin, The Benefit Of Forestry Schistosomiasis Prevention Ecological Project, referenced as Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008), was evaluated scientifically by market value method and shadow engineering method selecting water conservation, soil conservation,carbon sequestration, oxygen released, biodiversity conservation, snail control and schistosomiasis prevention to value ecosystem services. Results showed that ecosystem service ecological benefit of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention in the Yangtze River Basin was great from 2006-2013 with water conservation totaling 16.16 ×10~8tons, soil conservation 1.46 ×10~8tons, carbon sequestration 0.10 ×10~8tons, oxygen released0.29 ×10~8tons, snail area decreasing 24.35 ×10~7square meters, and the number of schistosomiasis patients decreasing by 613.1 thousand. This was a saving of about 967.20 ×10~8Yuan in all. Snail control and schistosomiasis prevention had the greatest value accounting for 35.87%, oxygen release accounted for 33.06%, carbon sequestration accounted for 13.02%, water conservation accounted for 9.17%, soil conservation accounted for7.31%, and biodiversity conservation had the least value, accounting for 1.57%. The ecosystem services value for different provinces was Hunan >Hubei >Jiangxi >Anhui >Jiangsu >Sichuan >Yunnan. Of the seven provinces, snail control and schistosomiasis prevention of Anhui Province was greatest accounting for 18.17%.The other five function values were largest in Hunan Province. The study found that the comprehensive ecosystem service of snail prevention and control, oxygen release, carbon sequestration, water conservation, and soil conservation accounted for 98.43% of the ecosystem service value. The government of Hunan Province attached great importance to the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis and undertook suppressing snail work the most. In hilly regions of Yunnan Province, Oncomelania Snail has a variety of environment, and its vitality is strong and its reproduction is fast, the difficulty of the prevention and control of schistosomiasis is relatively large, and the benefit of the snail suppression is not significant. This study provided a scientific basis for understanding the ecological role of snail prevention and control.
引文
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[18]李锋,叶亚平,宋博文,等.城市生态用地的空间结构及其生态系统服务动态演变:以常州市为例[J].生态学报, 2011, 31(19):5623-5631.LI Feng, YE Yaping, SONG Bowen, et al. Spattial structure of urban ecological land and its dynamic development of ecosystem services:a case study in Changzhou City, China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2011, 31(19):5623-5631.
[19]白杨,郑华,庄长伟,等.白洋淀流域生态系统服务评估及其调控[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(3):711-717.BAI Yang, ZHENG Hua, ZHUANG Changwei, et al. Ecosystem services valuation and its regulation in Baiyangdian baisn:based on InVEST model[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2013, 33(3):711-717.
[20]刘世荣,代力民,温远光,等.面向生态系统服务的森林生态系统经营:现状、挑战与展望[J].生态学报,2015, 35(1):1-9.LIU Shirong, DAI Limin, WEN Yuanguang, et al. A review on forest ecosystem management towards ecosystem services:status, challenges, and future perspectives[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015, 35(1):1-9.
[21]中国森林资源核算及纳入绿色GDP研究项目组.绿色国民经济框架下的中国森林资源核算研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2010.
[22]中国森林资源核算研究项目组.生态文明制度构建中的中国森林资源核算研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
[23]冯继广,丁陆彬,王景升,等.基于案例的中国森林生态系统服务功能评价[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(5):1375-1382.FENG Jiguang, DING Lubing, WANG Jingsheng, et al. Case-based evaluation of forest ecosystem service function in China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2016, 27(5):1375-1382.
[24]汤玉喜,吴敏,吴立勋,等.滩地林业血防工程抑螺效应及其成因研究[J].湿地科学与管理, 2006, 2(4):8-13.TANG Yuxi, WU Min, WU Lixun, et al. Effects of lakeside plantations on schistosomiasisi control[J]. Wetland Sci Manage, 2006, 2(4):8-13.
[25]彭镇华.林业血防生态工程抑螺防病机理[J].湿地科学与管理, 2013, 9(2):8-10.PENG Zhenhua. Mechanism of forestry schistosomiasis-control project on snail control and schistosomiasis prevention[J]. Wetland Sci Manage, 2003, 9(2):8-10.
[26]高凯,周志翔,杨玉萍.长江流域土地利用结构及其空间自相关分析[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19(21):13-20.GAO Kai, ZHOU Zhixiang, YANG Yuping. Land use structure and it’s spatial autocorrelation analysis in the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Resour Environ in the Yangtza Basin, 2010, 19(21):13-20.
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[2]周晓农,姜庆五,吴晓华,等.我国控制和消灭血吸虫病标准的作用与演变[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2007, 19(1):1-4.ZHOU Xiaonong, JIANG Qingwu, WU Xiaohua, et al. The function and evolution of The Criteria for Control and Elimination of Schistosomiasis in China[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2007, 19(1):1-4.
[3]夏尚光,刘和香,何结宝,等.不同林龄抑螺防病林林分内钉螺种群分布特点的研究:以安庆市大观区沿江滩地为例[J].湿地科学与管理, 2012, 8(2):4-6.XIA Shangguang, LIU Hexiang, HE Jiebao, et al. Characterization of the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in schistosoma prevention forests at different ages[J]. Wetland Sci Manage, 2012, 8(2):4-6.
[4]彭镇华,江泽慧.中国新林种抑螺防病林研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 1995.
[5]江泽慧.兴林灭螺论文选集[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 1995.
[6]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报, 1999, 19(5):607-613.OUYANG Zhiyun, WANG Xiaoke, MIAO Hong. A primary study on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem services and their ecological-economic values[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 1999, 19(5):607-613.
[7] ALEXANDER H. Nature’s services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems[J]. Corporate Environ Strategy, 1999,6(2):219.
[8] CONSTANZA R, A’RGE R, de GROOT R, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature, 1997, 387:253-260.
[9] World Resources Institute(WRI). Ecosystem and Human Wellbeing:Synthesis[M]. Washington D C:Island Press,2005.
[10] UK National Ecosystem Assessment. UK National Ecosystem Assessment:Synthesis of the Key Findings[M]. Cambridge:UNEPWCMC, 2011.
[11]国家林业局. LY/T 1721-2008森林生态系统服务功能评估规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2008.
[12]肖强,肖洋,欧阳志云,等.重庆市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(1):216-223.XIAO Qiang, XIAO Yang, Ouyang Zhiyun, et al. Value assessment of the function of the forest ecosystem services in Chongqing[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2014, 34(1):216-223.
[13]赖瑾瑾,刘雪华,靳强.顺义地区生态系统服务功能价值的时空变化[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 48(9):86-91.LAI Jinjin, LIU Xuehua, JIN Qiang. Spatial-temporal changes of ecosystem services in the Shunyi District[J]. J Tsinghua Univ Sci Technol, 2008, 48(9):86-91.
[14]陈姗姗,刘康,李婷,等.基于InVEST模型的商洛市水土保持生态服务功能研究[J].土壤学报, 2016, 53(3):800-807.CHEN Shanshan, LIU Kang, LI Ting, et al. Evaluation of ecological service function of soil conservation in Shangluo City based on InVEST Model[J]. Acta Pedol Sin, 2016, 53(3):800-807.
[15]谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学, 2015, 37(9):1740-1746.XIE Gaodi, ZHANG Caixia, ZHANG Changsun, et al. The value of ecosystem services in China[J]. Resour Sci,2015, 37(9):1740-1746.
[16]许妍,高俊峰,黄佳聪.太湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19(6):646-652.XU Yan, GAO Junfeng, HUANG Jiacong. Ecosystem service baluation of Taihu Wetland[J]. Resour Environ the Yangtza Basin, 2010, 19(6):646-652.
[17]王兵,鲁绍伟,尤文忠,等.辽宁省森林生态系统服务价值评估[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 21(7):1792-1798.WANG Bing, LU Shaowei, YOU Wenzhong, et al. Evaluation of forest ecosystem services value in Liaoning Province[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2010, 21(7):1792-1798.
[18]李锋,叶亚平,宋博文,等.城市生态用地的空间结构及其生态系统服务动态演变:以常州市为例[J].生态学报, 2011, 31(19):5623-5631.LI Feng, YE Yaping, SONG Bowen, et al. Spattial structure of urban ecological land and its dynamic development of ecosystem services:a case study in Changzhou City, China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2011, 31(19):5623-5631.
[19]白杨,郑华,庄长伟,等.白洋淀流域生态系统服务评估及其调控[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(3):711-717.BAI Yang, ZHENG Hua, ZHUANG Changwei, et al. Ecosystem services valuation and its regulation in Baiyangdian baisn:based on InVEST model[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2013, 33(3):711-717.
[20]刘世荣,代力民,温远光,等.面向生态系统服务的森林生态系统经营:现状、挑战与展望[J].生态学报,2015, 35(1):1-9.LIU Shirong, DAI Limin, WEN Yuanguang, et al. A review on forest ecosystem management towards ecosystem services:status, challenges, and future perspectives[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015, 35(1):1-9.
[21]中国森林资源核算及纳入绿色GDP研究项目组.绿色国民经济框架下的中国森林资源核算研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2010.
[22]中国森林资源核算研究项目组.生态文明制度构建中的中国森林资源核算研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
[23]冯继广,丁陆彬,王景升,等.基于案例的中国森林生态系统服务功能评价[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(5):1375-1382.FENG Jiguang, DING Lubing, WANG Jingsheng, et al. Case-based evaluation of forest ecosystem service function in China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2016, 27(5):1375-1382.
[24]汤玉喜,吴敏,吴立勋,等.滩地林业血防工程抑螺效应及其成因研究[J].湿地科学与管理, 2006, 2(4):8-13.TANG Yuxi, WU Min, WU Lixun, et al. Effects of lakeside plantations on schistosomiasisi control[J]. Wetland Sci Manage, 2006, 2(4):8-13.
[25]彭镇华.林业血防生态工程抑螺防病机理[J].湿地科学与管理, 2013, 9(2):8-10.PENG Zhenhua. Mechanism of forestry schistosomiasis-control project on snail control and schistosomiasis prevention[J]. Wetland Sci Manage, 2003, 9(2):8-10.
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