燃煤电厂SO_3控制及脱除技术研究进展
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摘要
三氧化硫(SO_3)是燃煤电厂烟气污染物之一,主要来源于锅炉燃烧和选择性催化还原脱硝系统。SO_3的生成量受燃料中硫含量、燃烧方式、脱硝催化剂成分及结构形式、飞灰组成等多种因素的影响。SO_3与水蒸气反应生成H2SO4雾滴,排入大气可形成二次颗粒硫酸盐,引发雾霾、酸雨等灾害性天气。烟气中SO_3含量过高时易引起设备积灰、堵塞、腐蚀等问题,影响机组安全运行。基于SO_3的生成机理,综述了燃煤电厂SO_3控制及脱除技术最新研究进展,探讨了锅炉燃烧过程中控制、脱硝催化剂优化、炉后烟道内喷碱性吸收剂以及现有设备联合协同等脱除SO_3的技术方法,分析了不同技术的适用性和局限性,为今后燃煤发电机组烟气SO_3控制及脱除技术方案的选择提供参考依据。展望了SO_3控制及脱除技术未来研究方向,在深入研究SO_3生成机理的基础上,将源头治理和炉后脱除相结合,开展多种污染物联合脱除技术,针对不同机组,选择适宜的技术路线,探索提高SO_3脱除效率的有效途径,并进行技术经济性评价。
As one of pollutants in flue gas of coal power plants,SO_3 is mainly derived from boiler combustion and selective catalytic reduction system. The content of SO_3 in the flue gas is influenced by many factors,such as the sulfur content in fuel,combustion mode,composition and structure of denitrification catalyst and composition of fly ash. H2 SO4 droplets generated by SO_3 and water vapor can form the sulfate secondary particles in atmosphere which can cause smog,acid rain and other disastrous weather. High concentration of SO_3 in the flue gas can affect the safe operation of the units by fouling,clogging,corrosion and other issues. Based on the generation mechanism of SO_3,thelatest research progress of SO_3 control and removal technologies were summarized. SO_3 control and removal methods were discussed,including the combustion process control in boiler,denitrification catalyst optimization,injection of alkaline absorbent and synergistic removal of SO_3. The applicability and limitations of different technologies were analyzed,which also provided a reference for selecting the solution of SO_3 control and removal technology of coal-fired units. The future research direction of the SO_3 control and removal technology was discussed. On the basis of further researching the generation mechanism of SO_3,the source control and post combustion removal are combined to reduce SO_3 emissions. The overall removal technologies of various pollutants are developed. The appropriate technical routes are selected for the different units. The ways of improving SO_3 removal efficiency are explored gradually with the technical and economic evaluation.
As one of pollutants in flue gas of coal power plants,SO_3 is mainly derived from boiler combustion and selective catalytic reduction system. The content of SO_3 in the flue gas is influenced by many factors,such as the sulfur content in fuel,combustion mode,composition and structure of denitrification catalyst and composition of fly ash. H2 SO4 droplets generated by SO_3 and water vapor can form the sulfate secondary particles in atmosphere which can cause smog,acid rain and other disastrous weather. High concentration of SO_3 in the flue gas can affect the safe operation of the units by fouling,clogging,corrosion and other issues. Based on the generation mechanism of SO_3,thelatest research progress of SO_3 control and removal technologies were summarized. SO_3 control and removal methods were discussed,including the combustion process control in boiler,denitrification catalyst optimization,injection of alkaline absorbent and synergistic removal of SO_3. The applicability and limitations of different technologies were analyzed,which also provided a reference for selecting the solution of SO_3 control and removal technology of coal-fired units. The future research direction of the SO_3 control and removal technology was discussed. On the basis of further researching the generation mechanism of SO_3,the source control and post combustion removal are combined to reduce SO_3 emissions. The overall removal technologies of various pollutants are developed. The appropriate technical routes are selected for the different units. The ways of improving SO_3 removal efficiency are explored gradually with the technical and economic evaluation.
引文
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[13]向柏祥,赵从振,丁艳军,等.烟气酸露点的测量和预测模型分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,55(10):1117-1124.
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[17]刘宇,单广波,闫松,等.燃煤锅炉烟气中SO3的生成、危害及控制技术研究进展[J].环境工程,2016,34(12):93-97.
[18]唐昊,李文艳,王琦,等.商用选择性催化还原催化剂SO2氧化率控制研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(6):2143-2149.
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[20]蔺卓玮,陆强,唐昊,等.平板式V2O5-Mo O3/Ti O2型SCR催化剂的中低温脱硝和抗中毒性能研究[J].燃料化学学报,2017,45(1):113-122.
[21]邵媛,徐劲松.燃煤烟气SO3检测及控制技术探讨[J].东北电力技术,2016,37(4):49-52.
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[23]陈朋.钙基吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气中SO3的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2011.
[24]胡冬,王海刚,郭婷婷,等.燃煤电厂烟气SO3控制技术的研究及进展[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(35):92-99.
[25]BENSON L B,SMITH K J,RODEN R A,et al.Control of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide using byproduct of a magnesium enhanced lime FGD system[C]//Combined Power Plant Air Pollutant Control Mega Symposium,Washington,USA,2003:138-141.
[26]蒋海涛,蔡兴飞,付玉玲,等.燃煤电厂SO3形成、危害及控制技术[J].发电设备,2013,27(5):366-368.
[27]王海刚.托克托电厂600MW机组碱性干粉SO3脱除技术案例分析[EB/OL]http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20160711/750308-5.shtml,2017-07-11.
[28]郦建国,郦祝海,李卫东,等.燃煤电厂烟气协同治理技术路线研究[J].中国环保产业,2015,(5):52-56.
[29]廖增安.燃煤电厂余热利用低低温电除尘技术研究与开发[J].环境保护与循环经济,2013,33(10):39-44.
[30]陈鹏芳,朱庚富,张俊翔.基于实测的燃煤电厂烟气协同控制技术对SO3去除效果的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(3):232-235.
[31]刘含笑,姚宇平,郦建国,等.燃煤电厂烟气中SO3生成、治理及测试技术研究[J].中国电力,2015,48(9):152-156.
[32]潘丹萍,吴昊,鲍静静,等.电厂湿法脱硫系统对烟气中细颗粒物及SO3酸雾脱除作用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(16):4356-4362.
[33]胡志光,李丽,徐劲.新排放标准下燃煤电厂湿式电除尘器应用分析[J].电力科学与工程,2016,32(8):70-74.
[34]雒飞,胡斌,吴昊,等.湿式电除尘对PM2.5/SO3酸雾脱除特性的试验研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(1):91-97.
[35]沈志刚,刘启贞,陶雷行,等.湿式电除尘器对烟气中颗粒物的去除特性[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2557-2561.
[2]张悠.烟气中SO3测试技术及其应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[3]郭彦鹏,狄华娟,潘丹萍,等.燃煤烟气中SO3的形成及其控制措施[J].中国电力,2016,49(8):154-156.
[4]XIANG B X,SHEN W F,ZHANG M,et al.Effects of different factors on sulfur trioxide formations in a coalfired circulating fluidized bed boiler[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2017,172(23):262-277.
[5]楼清刚.煤燃烧过程中SO3生成的试验研究[J].能源工程,2008(6):46-49.
[6]LAWRENCE P,ELLIOTT L,STANGER R,et al.Hightemperature conversionof SO2to SO3:Homogeneous experiments and catalytic effectof fly ash from air and oxy-fuel firing[J].Energy&Fuels,2014,28(11):7243-7251.
[7]JURNG J.A novel Ti O2-supported V2O5SCR catalyst for De NOx at low temperatures and pilot-scale evaluation at a waste incinerator[J].Waste Management,2017,61:283-287.
[8]纪培栋.SCR催化剂SO2氧化机理及调控机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[9]SCHWAMMLE T,BERTSCHE F,HARTUNG A,et al.Influence of geometricalparameters of honeycomb commercial SCR-De NOx-catalysts onde-NOx-activity,mercury oxidation and SO2/SO3conversion[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,222:274-281.
[10]MITSUI Y,IMADA N,KIKKAWA H,et al.Study of Hg and SO3behaviorin flue gas of oxy-fuel combustion system[J].International Journalof Greenhouse Gas Control,2011,5(12):143-150.
[11]商雪松,陈进生,赵金平,等.SCR脱硝催化剂失活及其原因研究[J].燃料化学学报,2011,39(6):465-470.
[12]胡斌,刘勇,任飞,等.低低温电除尘协同脱除细颗粒与SO3实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(16):4319-4325.
[13]向柏祥,赵从振,丁艳军,等.烟气酸露点的测量和预测模型分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,55(10):1117-1124.
[14]王杭州.SCR对脱硝效率及SO2转化影响分析[J].电力科学与工程,2008,24(5):17-21.
[15]GALLOWAY B D,SASMAZ E,PADAK B.Binding of SO3to fly ash components:Ca O,Mg O,Na2O and K2O[J].Fuel,2015,145(1):79-83.
[16]韩斌杰.复合钙基吸收剂脱除硫硝汞烟气污染物试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[17]刘宇,单广波,闫松,等.燃煤锅炉烟气中SO3的生成、危害及控制技术研究进展[J].环境工程,2016,34(12):93-97.
[18]唐昊,李文艳,王琦,等.商用选择性催化还原催化剂SO2氧化率控制研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(6):2143-2149.
[19]KWON D W,PARK K H,HONG S C.Enhancement of SCR activity and SO2resistance on VOx/Ti O2catalyst by addition of molybdenum[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,284(24):315-324.
[20]蔺卓玮,陆强,唐昊,等.平板式V2O5-Mo O3/Ti O2型SCR催化剂的中低温脱硝和抗中毒性能研究[J].燃料化学学报,2017,45(1):113-122.
[21]邵媛,徐劲松.燃煤烟气SO3检测及控制技术探讨[J].东北电力技术,2016,37(4):49-52.
[22]陈晓露,赵钦新,鲍颖群,等.SO3脱除技术实验研究[J].动力工程学报,2014,34(12):966-971.
[23]陈朋.钙基吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气中SO3的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2011.
[24]胡冬,王海刚,郭婷婷,等.燃煤电厂烟气SO3控制技术的研究及进展[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(35):92-99.
[25]BENSON L B,SMITH K J,RODEN R A,et al.Control of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide using byproduct of a magnesium enhanced lime FGD system[C]//Combined Power Plant Air Pollutant Control Mega Symposium,Washington,USA,2003:138-141.
[26]蒋海涛,蔡兴飞,付玉玲,等.燃煤电厂SO3形成、危害及控制技术[J].发电设备,2013,27(5):366-368.
[27]王海刚.托克托电厂600MW机组碱性干粉SO3脱除技术案例分析[EB/OL]http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20160711/750308-5.shtml,2017-07-11.
[28]郦建国,郦祝海,李卫东,等.燃煤电厂烟气协同治理技术路线研究[J].中国环保产业,2015,(5):52-56.
[29]廖增安.燃煤电厂余热利用低低温电除尘技术研究与开发[J].环境保护与循环经济,2013,33(10):39-44.
[30]陈鹏芳,朱庚富,张俊翔.基于实测的燃煤电厂烟气协同控制技术对SO3去除效果的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(3):232-235.
[31]刘含笑,姚宇平,郦建国,等.燃煤电厂烟气中SO3生成、治理及测试技术研究[J].中国电力,2015,48(9):152-156.
[32]潘丹萍,吴昊,鲍静静,等.电厂湿法脱硫系统对烟气中细颗粒物及SO3酸雾脱除作用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(16):4356-4362.
[33]胡志光,李丽,徐劲.新排放标准下燃煤电厂湿式电除尘器应用分析[J].电力科学与工程,2016,32(8):70-74.
[34]雒飞,胡斌,吴昊,等.湿式电除尘对PM2.5/SO3酸雾脱除特性的试验研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(1):91-97.
[35]沈志刚,刘启贞,陶雷行,等.湿式电除尘器对烟气中颗粒物的去除特性[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2557-2561.