轻轨车辆特征与适应性研究——轻轨之术
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摘要
广义轻轨车辆涵盖钢轮钢轨制式、胶轮制式和磁浮制式,车辆制式决定线路的总体技术标准和工程建设规模。轻轨项目实施面临的首要问题是根据线路特点选择合适的轻轨车辆。从车辆技术特点出发,对各种车辆的典型特征进行梳理,并对车辆的优缺点进行客观描述,以阐明各轻轨车辆的适用范围。钢轮钢轨车辆具备应用历史长、系统简单可靠、运能和运行速度覆盖范围广、路权和敷设方式灵活等优点,应作为轻轨系统网络化首选;但钢轮钢轨轻轨车辆应重点改善振动及噪声较大的缺点,并进一步优化车辆灵活性,以适应城市轻轨高架敷设需求。结合城市的特殊需求,并经充分技术经济综合分析后,也可考虑采用胶轮跨座式单轨或APM系统。磁浮车辆的优势是应用于高速轨道领域,而在中低速城轨领域其主要优势为振动及噪声较低,但列车牵引能耗较高,敷设方式与折返能力亦受限,在轻轨车辆选择时应特别予以注意。
General light rail systems include a steel wheel rail system, rubber-tyred system, and Maglev system. Different systems determine the overall technical standards and construction scale of the railway line. Therefore, the most important problem facing during the implementation of a light railway project is selecting the appropriate light rail system according to the characteristics of the line. Based on the technical characteristics of the vehicle, this study determines the typical characteristics of various systems and objectively describes the advantages and disadvantages of a particular rail system to clarify the scope of application of each light rail system. The steel wheel rail system has the advantages of a wide range of application, simple technology, wide range of capacities, operation speeds, flexible rights-of-way, and laying methods. Thus,based on these advantages, it should be the first choice for a light rail network. However, vehicles travelling on steel wheel light rails should focus on improving the disadvantages of vibration and noise, and further optimize vehicle flexibility to meet the needs of elevated system. Combined with the special needs of the city, and after comprehensive technical and economic analysis, the rubber-tyred straddle monorail or APM system can also be considered. The advantage of the Maglev system is that it can achieve high speeds. The main advantages of middle-and low-speed maglev systems are low vibration and noise,but the consumption of traction energy is high. Furthermore, the laying method and re-entry ability are also limited. Special attention should be paid to selecting an appropriate light rail system.
General light rail systems include a steel wheel rail system, rubber-tyred system, and Maglev system. Different systems determine the overall technical standards and construction scale of the railway line. Therefore, the most important problem facing during the implementation of a light railway project is selecting the appropriate light rail system according to the characteristics of the line. Based on the technical characteristics of the vehicle, this study determines the typical characteristics of various systems and objectively describes the advantages and disadvantages of a particular rail system to clarify the scope of application of each light rail system. The steel wheel rail system has the advantages of a wide range of application, simple technology, wide range of capacities, operation speeds, flexible rights-of-way, and laying methods. Thus,based on these advantages, it should be the first choice for a light rail network. However, vehicles travelling on steel wheel light rails should focus on improving the disadvantages of vibration and noise, and further optimize vehicle flexibility to meet the needs of elevated system. Combined with the special needs of the city, and after comprehensive technical and economic analysis, the rubber-tyred straddle monorail or APM system can also be considered. The advantage of the Maglev system is that it can achieve high speeds. The main advantages of middle-and low-speed maglev systems are low vibration and noise,but the consumption of traction energy is high. Furthermore, the laying method and re-entry ability are also limited. Special attention should be paid to selecting an appropriate light rail system.
引文
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[2]Morphenniel,List of tram and light rail transit systems[EB/OL].(2018-11)[2018-12].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tram_and_light_rail_transit_systems.
[3]Considering Monorail Rapid Transit for North American Cities[EB/OL].http://www.monorails.org/webpix%202/RyanRKennedy.pdf.
[4]Georg Puettner.德国城市轨道交通的各种制式系统[J].城市轨道交通研究,2007,10(10):11-17.Georg Puettner.Diversified Modes of Urban Rail Transit System in Germany[J].Urban mass transit,2007,10(10):11-17.
[5]M Novales,A Orro,M R Bugarin.The tram-train:State of the art[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:journal of rail and rapid transit,2002,216(1):1-13.
[6]Alargule,AmsterdamMetro[EB/OL].(2018-10)[2018-12].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Metro.
[7]轨道城市,史上最全的单轨交通发展史[EB/OL].(2018-4)[2018-12].http://www.jlgd.org/show-15-120-1.html
[8]中低速磁浮交通车辆悬浮控制系统技术条件:CJT458-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.Technical specification of system for the levitation control of medium-low speed maglev transportation vehicle:CJT458-2014[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2014.
[9]王猛.中低速磁悬浮列车能耗分析[J].低碳世界,2015(6):253-254.WANG Meng.Analysis of medium-low speed maglev trains[J].Low Carbon World,2015(6):253-254.
[10]辜小安,伍向阳,刘兰华.轨道交通动车组噪声源强取值研析[J].环境影响评价,2017,39(5):39-42.GU Xiaoan,WU Xiangyang,LIU Lanhua.Research on source intensity of rail transit electrical multiple units[J].Environmental impact assessment,2017,39(5):39-42.
[11]环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通:HJ453-2018[S],北京:中国环境科学出版社,2018.Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessmentUrban rail transit:HJ453-2018[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2018.