某柴油发动机主轴承盖螺栓的动力学性能分析
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摘要
主轴承盖螺栓作为发动机中重要的紧固零件,因工作中承受着复杂的动态激励载荷容易发生疲劳失效。在考虑装配预紧力、曲柄连杆惯性力和气体作用力的情况下,采用有限元方法建立了主轴承盖螺栓联接结构动态分析力学模型,分析了主轴承盖螺栓在复杂激励载荷下的应力分布特点,探讨了装配预紧力、曲柄连杆惯性力和气体作用力等重要工作参数对螺栓螺纹牙根部和最大应力截面中心区域应力分布的影响。结果表明,气体作用力是主轴承盖螺栓重要的外部冲击载荷;主轴承盖螺栓最大应力截面中心区域等效应力随着预紧力的增加而增大;工况(转速)对主轴承盖螺栓的受力影响不显著;螺纹牙根部最大应力区域径向等效应力在螺纹牙根部附近急剧下降,其后至螺纹中心逐渐减小。研究对主轴承盖螺栓可靠性和疲劳寿命设计具有一定的理论参考价值。
Because of working under complex and dynamic load,the main bearing cap bolts that important fasteners in the engine are prone to fatigue failure. Based on considering the preload force,the inertia force of the crank link and the gas force,the dynamic analysis model of the coupling structure of the main bearing cap bolts is established by using the finite element method. The stress of the main bearing cap bolt under complex excitation load is analyzed. The influence of important working parameters such as assembly preload,crank link inertia force and gas force on the stress distribution of the root of the bolt thread and the central area of the maximum stress section are discussed. The results show that the gas force is an important external impact load of the main bearing cap bolts. The equivalent stress of the central section of the main bearing cap bolts increases with the increase of the preload force. The influence of the working condition(speed)on the force of the main bearing cap bolts is not significant. The radial equivalent stress of the maximum stress region of the root of the thread decreases sharply in the vicinity of the root of the thread,and then gradually decreases to the central area of the thread. The results can provide certain theoretical reference for reliability and fatigue life of bearing cap bolt design.
Because of working under complex and dynamic load,the main bearing cap bolts that important fasteners in the engine are prone to fatigue failure. Based on considering the preload force,the inertia force of the crank link and the gas force,the dynamic analysis model of the coupling structure of the main bearing cap bolts is established by using the finite element method. The stress of the main bearing cap bolt under complex excitation load is analyzed. The influence of important working parameters such as assembly preload,crank link inertia force and gas force on the stress distribution of the root of the bolt thread and the central area of the maximum stress section are discussed. The results show that the gas force is an important external impact load of the main bearing cap bolts. The equivalent stress of the central section of the main bearing cap bolts increases with the increase of the preload force. The influence of the working condition(speed)on the force of the main bearing cap bolts is not significant. The radial equivalent stress of the maximum stress region of the root of the thread decreases sharply in the vicinity of the root of the thread,and then gradually decreases to the central area of the thread. The results can provide certain theoretical reference for reliability and fatigue life of bearing cap bolt design.
引文
[1]陈代飞,李容,郑国世.康明斯ISDe发动机主轴承盖螺栓预紧力与拧紧规范研究[J].汽车科技,2010(1):52-56.(Chen Dai-fei,Li Rong,Zhen Guo-shi.Research of preload and tightening specification for cummins ISDe engine main bearing capscrews[J].Automobile Science and Technology,2010(1):52-56.)
[2]徐辉.某柴油发动机主轴承盖螺栓拧紧工艺研究[J].柴油机,2014,36(2):20-26.(Xu Hui.Research on tightening specification for certain diesel Engine’s Main Bearing Cap-screws[J].Diesel Engine,2014,36(2):20-26.)
[3]陈桢杰.主轴承盖螺栓锁付强度校核及检验扭矩计算[J].2012年海南省机械工程学会论文集,2012:94-101.(Chen Zhen-jie.Checking and verifying torque calculation of bolt lock of main bearing[J].Poceedings of The Hainan Institute of Mechanical Engineering,2012:94-101.)
[4]冉冬立,樊嘉天,董效彬.柴油机高强度螺栓拧紧工艺的试验校正[J].现代车用动力,2013(2):41-44.(Ran Dong-li,Fan Jia-tian,Dong Xiao-bing.Experimental correction of high strength bolting process for diesel engine[J].Modern Vehicle Power,2013(2):41-44.)
[5]Grimsmo EL,Clausen AH,Langseth M.An experimental study of static and dynamic behaviour of bolted end-plate joints of steel[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2015(85):132-145.
[6]Liu Jian-hua,Ouyang Hua-jinag,Peng Jing-fang.Experimental and numerical studies of bolted joints subjected to axial excitation[J].Wear,2016,s346-347:66-77.
[7]Hu Ying,Le Shen,Nie Shi-dong.FE simulation and experimental tests of high-strength structural bolts under tension[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2016(126):174-186.
[8]张帅.柴油机缸盖螺栓动态应力分析研究方法[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012:7-45.(Zhang Shuai.Diesel engine cylinder head bolt dynamic stress analysis method[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2012:7-45.)
[9]高霄汉,汪玉,杜志鹏.一种柴油机机脚螺栓联接结构冲击极限载荷快速计算方法[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(18):200-204.(Gao Xiao-han,Wang Yu,Du Zhi-peng.A fast calculation method of impulse limit load for diesel engine bolts coupling structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(18):200-204.)
[10]杨贵通,张善元.弹性动力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988:299-308.(Yang Gui-tong,Zhang Shan-yuan.Elastic Dynamics[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1988:299-308.)
[11]ISO 16047-2005,Fasteners-Torque/clamp force testing[S].
[12]苑晓静.V6发动机惯性力分析与平衡研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2015:7-19.(Yuan Xiao-jing.Research on inertial force analysis and balance of V6engine[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2015:7-19.)
[13]徐生荣.工程热力学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004:54-58.(Xu Sheng-rong.Engineering Thermodynamics[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2004:54-58.)
[14]王浩洁,周斌,展靖华.基于MATLAB的示功图模拟研究[J].内燃机,2009(6):17-24.(Wang Hao-jie,Zhou Bing,Zhan Jing-hua.Research on simulation of indicator diagram based on MATLAB[J].Internal Combustion Engine,2009(6):17-24.)
[15]何平,刘光复,古叶水.基于三维精确建模法的螺栓有限元分析[J].中国机械工程,2012,23(16):1991-1996.(He Ping,Liu Guang-fu,Gu Ye-shui.Finite element analysis on bolted joints based on three-dimensional accurate modeling method[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2012,23(16):1991-1996.)
[16]郑慧敏.网架螺栓球节点的应力集中分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2008:42-58.(Zheng Hui-min.Stress concentration analysis of bolted-ball joints in grid[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2008:42-58.)
[17]雷宏刚,裴艳,刘丽君.高强度螺栓疲劳缺口系数的有限元分析[J].工程力学,2008(25):49-81.(Lei Hong-gang,Pei Yan,Liu Li-jun.Finite element analysis of fatigue crack factor for high strength bolts[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008(25):49-81.)
[18]段志东,刘克温.弹塑性变形对螺栓应力和轴力分布的影响[J].机械设计与制造,2009(4):231-232.(Duan Zhi-dong,Liu Ke-wen.Plastic deformation and axial force of the bolt stress distribution[J].Mechanical Design and Manufacturing,2009(4):231-232.)
[19]尹益辉,余绍蓉.轴向载荷下螺栓连接结构变形和应力的三维有限元分析[J].固体力学学报,2005:143-147.(Yin Yi-hui,Yu Shao-rong.Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deformation and stress of bolted joints under axial loads[J].Journal of Solid Mechanics,2005:143-147.)
[20]Bergmann M,Bruzek B,Lang H.Numerical studies of microstructrally optimized bolts with graded grain size[J].Materials and Design,2010,31(3):1438-144.
[2]徐辉.某柴油发动机主轴承盖螺栓拧紧工艺研究[J].柴油机,2014,36(2):20-26.(Xu Hui.Research on tightening specification for certain diesel Engine’s Main Bearing Cap-screws[J].Diesel Engine,2014,36(2):20-26.)
[3]陈桢杰.主轴承盖螺栓锁付强度校核及检验扭矩计算[J].2012年海南省机械工程学会论文集,2012:94-101.(Chen Zhen-jie.Checking and verifying torque calculation of bolt lock of main bearing[J].Poceedings of The Hainan Institute of Mechanical Engineering,2012:94-101.)
[4]冉冬立,樊嘉天,董效彬.柴油机高强度螺栓拧紧工艺的试验校正[J].现代车用动力,2013(2):41-44.(Ran Dong-li,Fan Jia-tian,Dong Xiao-bing.Experimental correction of high strength bolting process for diesel engine[J].Modern Vehicle Power,2013(2):41-44.)
[5]Grimsmo EL,Clausen AH,Langseth M.An experimental study of static and dynamic behaviour of bolted end-plate joints of steel[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2015(85):132-145.
[6]Liu Jian-hua,Ouyang Hua-jinag,Peng Jing-fang.Experimental and numerical studies of bolted joints subjected to axial excitation[J].Wear,2016,s346-347:66-77.
[7]Hu Ying,Le Shen,Nie Shi-dong.FE simulation and experimental tests of high-strength structural bolts under tension[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2016(126):174-186.
[8]张帅.柴油机缸盖螺栓动态应力分析研究方法[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012:7-45.(Zhang Shuai.Diesel engine cylinder head bolt dynamic stress analysis method[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2012:7-45.)
[9]高霄汉,汪玉,杜志鹏.一种柴油机机脚螺栓联接结构冲击极限载荷快速计算方法[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(18):200-204.(Gao Xiao-han,Wang Yu,Du Zhi-peng.A fast calculation method of impulse limit load for diesel engine bolts coupling structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(18):200-204.)
[10]杨贵通,张善元.弹性动力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988:299-308.(Yang Gui-tong,Zhang Shan-yuan.Elastic Dynamics[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1988:299-308.)
[11]ISO 16047-2005,Fasteners-Torque/clamp force testing[S].
[12]苑晓静.V6发动机惯性力分析与平衡研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2015:7-19.(Yuan Xiao-jing.Research on inertial force analysis and balance of V6engine[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2015:7-19.)
[13]徐生荣.工程热力学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004:54-58.(Xu Sheng-rong.Engineering Thermodynamics[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2004:54-58.)
[14]王浩洁,周斌,展靖华.基于MATLAB的示功图模拟研究[J].内燃机,2009(6):17-24.(Wang Hao-jie,Zhou Bing,Zhan Jing-hua.Research on simulation of indicator diagram based on MATLAB[J].Internal Combustion Engine,2009(6):17-24.)
[15]何平,刘光复,古叶水.基于三维精确建模法的螺栓有限元分析[J].中国机械工程,2012,23(16):1991-1996.(He Ping,Liu Guang-fu,Gu Ye-shui.Finite element analysis on bolted joints based on three-dimensional accurate modeling method[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2012,23(16):1991-1996.)
[16]郑慧敏.网架螺栓球节点的应力集中分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2008:42-58.(Zheng Hui-min.Stress concentration analysis of bolted-ball joints in grid[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2008:42-58.)
[17]雷宏刚,裴艳,刘丽君.高强度螺栓疲劳缺口系数的有限元分析[J].工程力学,2008(25):49-81.(Lei Hong-gang,Pei Yan,Liu Li-jun.Finite element analysis of fatigue crack factor for high strength bolts[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008(25):49-81.)
[18]段志东,刘克温.弹塑性变形对螺栓应力和轴力分布的影响[J].机械设计与制造,2009(4):231-232.(Duan Zhi-dong,Liu Ke-wen.Plastic deformation and axial force of the bolt stress distribution[J].Mechanical Design and Manufacturing,2009(4):231-232.)
[19]尹益辉,余绍蓉.轴向载荷下螺栓连接结构变形和应力的三维有限元分析[J].固体力学学报,2005:143-147.(Yin Yi-hui,Yu Shao-rong.Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deformation and stress of bolted joints under axial loads[J].Journal of Solid Mechanics,2005:143-147.)
[20]Bergmann M,Bruzek B,Lang H.Numerical studies of microstructrally optimized bolts with graded grain size[J].Materials and Design,2010,31(3):1438-144.