羊粪-菇渣蚓粪与化肥配施对油麦菜产量及品质的影响
|
摘要
开展蚓粪与化肥配施对蔬菜产量与品质影响的研究,对于合理施肥促进蔬菜清洁生产具有指导意义。本研究采取盆栽试验,调查了以羊粪和菇渣为原料生产的蚓粪与化肥配施对油麦菜产量、硝酸盐含量、氨基酸含量与组成等的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,适量蚓粪配施化肥可在一定程度上提高油麦菜产量,使油麦菜含水量降低1.02%～2.46%,硝酸盐含量降低20.78%～30.30%,显著提高了油麦菜氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸和药效氨基酸含量。综合来看,等氮量条件下,蚓粪氮占比30%～50%时效果最佳。因此,以适量蚓粪配施化肥提高油麦菜产量,改善油麦菜品质是可行的。
Understanding the effects of combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on yield and quality of vegetables is important for guiding the rational fertilization in cleaner vegetable production. We examined the effects of combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on yield,nitrate content,amino acid content and composition of Lactuca sativa in a pot experiment. The results showed that,compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,combined application of appropriate amount vermicompost and chemical fertilizer increased the yield,while reduced the water content of L. sativa by 1.02%-2.46% and nitrate content by 20.78%-30.30%. The combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly increased the contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids,delicious amino acids,sweet amino acids,and pharmacodynamic amino acids. Under the conditions of equal amount of nitrogen,30%-50% of nitrogen from vermicompost was the optimal. Therefore,the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer is feasible for the improvement of both yield and quality of L. sativa.
Understanding the effects of combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on yield and quality of vegetables is important for guiding the rational fertilization in cleaner vegetable production. We examined the effects of combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on yield,nitrate content,amino acid content and composition of Lactuca sativa in a pot experiment. The results showed that,compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,combined application of appropriate amount vermicompost and chemical fertilizer increased the yield,while reduced the water content of L. sativa by 1.02%-2.46% and nitrate content by 20.78%-30.30%. The combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly increased the contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids,delicious amino acids,sweet amino acids,and pharmacodynamic amino acids. Under the conditions of equal amount of nitrogen,30%-50% of nitrogen from vermicompost was the optimal. Therefore,the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer is feasible for the improvement of both yield and quality of L. sativa.
引文
鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社.
陈贵林,高绣瑞.2002.氨基酸和尿素替代硝态氮对水培不结球白菜和生菜硝酸盐含量的影响.中国农业科学,35(2):187-191.
段君君,刘青峰,任春元,等.2018.不同栽培模式与密度对芸豆产量及干物质积累的影响.作物杂志,(6):110-115.
谷佳林,梁丽娜,苏世鸣,等.2018.不同施肥处理对油麦菜镉吸收、硝酸盐含量及产量的影响.北方园艺,(4):117-120.
晋凡生,韩彦龙,李洁,等.2018.氮磷钾配施对红芸豆养分吸收、干物质积累及产量构成因子的影响.华北农学报,33(12):183-192.
李司童.2018.蚯蚓粪替代部分化肥对土壤性状及烤烟生长与品质的影响(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
刘庆城,许玉兰,张玉洁.1992.氨基酸肥效作用的研究.氨基酸杂志,19(4):1-4.
刘雅兰,王小红,陈红.2018.贵州喀斯特地区果梅果实游离氨基酸含量分析.食品工业科技,39(4):22-227.
陆含.2010.土壤-蔬菜系统中水、光照和氮素的互作效应与生理机制(硕士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学.
年耀萍,夏体渊,何明珠,等.2011.养分管理对油麦菜氮磷养分利用率及硝酸盐累积的影响.华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),(6):47-56.
申飞,刘满强,李辉信,等.2016.蚓粪和益生菌互作对土壤性状、菠菜产量和品质的影响.中国土壤与肥料,(5):90-95.
申飞,朱同彬,滕明姣,等.2015.蚓粪和益生菌互作对土壤性状及番茄产量和品质的影响.应用生态学报,27(2):484-490.
史跃林,许贵民,孙业芝,等.1992.温度对大棚黄瓜干物质生产及分配的影响.吉林农业大学学报,14(2):34-37.
滕明姣,万兵兵,王东升,等.2017.蚓粪施用方式对不同品种番茄生长和土壤肥力的影响.土壤,49(4):712-718.
王娟娟.2016.我国蔬菜施肥现状调查研究.中国农技推广,32(6):11-13.
王玉荣,史雅静,秦立凯,等.2018.蚓粪对小白菜硝酸盐、土壤有效氮及脲酶活性的影响.化学与生物工程,(12):50-54.
徐瑞博,孙红春,刘连涛,等.2018.灌溉模式对冀南植棉区棉花干物质积累分配、产量和水分利用效率的影响.棉花学报,30(5):386-394.
徐宪斌.2017.蚯蚓粪配施化肥对玉米根际土壤生物学特征的影响.水土保持通报,37(1):78-82.
许玉兰,刘庆城.1998.用15N示踪方法研究氨基酸的肥效作用.氨基酸和生物资源,20(2):20-23.
杨丽娟,杨启迪,周崇峻,等.2013.施用蚓粪堆肥对温室番茄产量和品质及土壤微生物数量的影响.土壤通报,44(6):1455-1459.
赵海涛,罗娟,单玉华.2010.蚓粪有机无机复混肥对黄瓜产量和品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,16(5):1288-1293.
甄英肖,刘淑君,刘书起.2007.钼肥对莴苣、油麦菜硝酸盐含量的影响.中国土壤与肥料,(1):51-53.
中华人民共和国农业部.NY 525-2012有机肥料.北京:标准出版社.
庄舜尧,孙秀廷.1995.氮肥对蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响.土壤学进展,(3):29-35.
邹元锋,陈兴福,杨文钰,等.2010.不同生长年限党参氨基酸组分分析及营养价值评价.食品与发酵工业,(6):146-150.
Aslam M,Travis RL,Rains DW.2001.Differential effect of amino acids on nitrate uptake and reduction systems in barley roots.Plant Science,160:219-228.
Grappelli A,Galli E,Tomati U.1987.Earthworm casting effect on Agaricus bisporus fructification.Agrochimica,4/5:457-462.
Günes A,Inal A,Aktas M.1996.Reducing nitrate content of NET grown winter onion plants by partial replacement of NO3-with amino acid in nutrient solution.Scientia Horticulturae,65:203-208.
Muller B,Touraine B.1992.Inhibition of NO3-uptake by various phloemtranslocated amino acids in soybean seedlings.Journal of Experimental Botany,43:617-623.
Nordin A,H9gberg P,Nosholm T.2001.Soil nitrogen form and plant nitrogen uptake along a boreal forest productivity gradient.Oecologia,129:125-132.
Pramanik P,Ghosh G,Ghosal P,et al.2007.Changes in organic-C,N,P and K and enzyme activities in vermicompost of biodegradable organic wastes under liming and microbial inoculants.Bioresource Technology,98:2485-2494.
Schobert C,Kockenberger W,Komor E.1988.Uptake of amino acids by plants from the soil:A comparative study with caster bean seedlings grown under natural and axenic soil conditions.Plant and Soil,109:181-188.
Singh R,Singh R,Soni SK,et al.2013.Vermicompost from biodegraded distillation waste improves soil properties and essential oil yield of Pogostemon cablin(patchouli)Benth.Applied Soil Ecology,70:48-56.
Thornton B.2001.Uptake of glycine by non-mycorrhizal Lolium perenne.Journal of Experimental Botany,52:1315-1322.
Yang LJ,Zhao FY,Chang Q,et al.2015.Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse under different soil water regimes.Agricultural Water Management,160:98-105.
陈贵林,高绣瑞.2002.氨基酸和尿素替代硝态氮对水培不结球白菜和生菜硝酸盐含量的影响.中国农业科学,35(2):187-191.
段君君,刘青峰,任春元,等.2018.不同栽培模式与密度对芸豆产量及干物质积累的影响.作物杂志,(6):110-115.
谷佳林,梁丽娜,苏世鸣,等.2018.不同施肥处理对油麦菜镉吸收、硝酸盐含量及产量的影响.北方园艺,(4):117-120.
晋凡生,韩彦龙,李洁,等.2018.氮磷钾配施对红芸豆养分吸收、干物质积累及产量构成因子的影响.华北农学报,33(12):183-192.
李司童.2018.蚯蚓粪替代部分化肥对土壤性状及烤烟生长与品质的影响(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
刘庆城,许玉兰,张玉洁.1992.氨基酸肥效作用的研究.氨基酸杂志,19(4):1-4.
刘雅兰,王小红,陈红.2018.贵州喀斯特地区果梅果实游离氨基酸含量分析.食品工业科技,39(4):22-227.
陆含.2010.土壤-蔬菜系统中水、光照和氮素的互作效应与生理机制(硕士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学.
年耀萍,夏体渊,何明珠,等.2011.养分管理对油麦菜氮磷养分利用率及硝酸盐累积的影响.华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),(6):47-56.
申飞,刘满强,李辉信,等.2016.蚓粪和益生菌互作对土壤性状、菠菜产量和品质的影响.中国土壤与肥料,(5):90-95.
申飞,朱同彬,滕明姣,等.2015.蚓粪和益生菌互作对土壤性状及番茄产量和品质的影响.应用生态学报,27(2):484-490.
史跃林,许贵民,孙业芝,等.1992.温度对大棚黄瓜干物质生产及分配的影响.吉林农业大学学报,14(2):34-37.
滕明姣,万兵兵,王东升,等.2017.蚓粪施用方式对不同品种番茄生长和土壤肥力的影响.土壤,49(4):712-718.
王娟娟.2016.我国蔬菜施肥现状调查研究.中国农技推广,32(6):11-13.
王玉荣,史雅静,秦立凯,等.2018.蚓粪对小白菜硝酸盐、土壤有效氮及脲酶活性的影响.化学与生物工程,(12):50-54.
徐瑞博,孙红春,刘连涛,等.2018.灌溉模式对冀南植棉区棉花干物质积累分配、产量和水分利用效率的影响.棉花学报,30(5):386-394.
徐宪斌.2017.蚯蚓粪配施化肥对玉米根际土壤生物学特征的影响.水土保持通报,37(1):78-82.
许玉兰,刘庆城.1998.用15N示踪方法研究氨基酸的肥效作用.氨基酸和生物资源,20(2):20-23.
杨丽娟,杨启迪,周崇峻,等.2013.施用蚓粪堆肥对温室番茄产量和品质及土壤微生物数量的影响.土壤通报,44(6):1455-1459.
赵海涛,罗娟,单玉华.2010.蚓粪有机无机复混肥对黄瓜产量和品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,16(5):1288-1293.
甄英肖,刘淑君,刘书起.2007.钼肥对莴苣、油麦菜硝酸盐含量的影响.中国土壤与肥料,(1):51-53.
中华人民共和国农业部.NY 525-2012有机肥料.北京:标准出版社.
庄舜尧,孙秀廷.1995.氮肥对蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响.土壤学进展,(3):29-35.
邹元锋,陈兴福,杨文钰,等.2010.不同生长年限党参氨基酸组分分析及营养价值评价.食品与发酵工业,(6):146-150.
Aslam M,Travis RL,Rains DW.2001.Differential effect of amino acids on nitrate uptake and reduction systems in barley roots.Plant Science,160:219-228.
Grappelli A,Galli E,Tomati U.1987.Earthworm casting effect on Agaricus bisporus fructification.Agrochimica,4/5:457-462.
Günes A,Inal A,Aktas M.1996.Reducing nitrate content of NET grown winter onion plants by partial replacement of NO3-with amino acid in nutrient solution.Scientia Horticulturae,65:203-208.
Muller B,Touraine B.1992.Inhibition of NO3-uptake by various phloemtranslocated amino acids in soybean seedlings.Journal of Experimental Botany,43:617-623.
Nordin A,H9gberg P,Nosholm T.2001.Soil nitrogen form and plant nitrogen uptake along a boreal forest productivity gradient.Oecologia,129:125-132.
Pramanik P,Ghosh G,Ghosal P,et al.2007.Changes in organic-C,N,P and K and enzyme activities in vermicompost of biodegradable organic wastes under liming and microbial inoculants.Bioresource Technology,98:2485-2494.
Schobert C,Kockenberger W,Komor E.1988.Uptake of amino acids by plants from the soil:A comparative study with caster bean seedlings grown under natural and axenic soil conditions.Plant and Soil,109:181-188.
Singh R,Singh R,Soni SK,et al.2013.Vermicompost from biodegraded distillation waste improves soil properties and essential oil yield of Pogostemon cablin(patchouli)Benth.Applied Soil Ecology,70:48-56.
Thornton B.2001.Uptake of glycine by non-mycorrhizal Lolium perenne.Journal of Experimental Botany,52:1315-1322.
Yang LJ,Zhao FY,Chang Q,et al.2015.Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse under different soil water regimes.Agricultural Water Management,160:98-105.