秦皇岛市潮间带大型海藻的种类分析和季节演替
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摘要
2017年2-11月,对河北省秦皇岛市山海关、海港和北戴河潮间带大型海藻的组成、分布和季节演替情况展开了调查研究工作。调查结果显示:此次共采集到隶属3门23属的41种大型海藻,其中红藻门13属20种,褐藻门7属9种,绿藻门3属12种,分别占总采集种数的48.78%,21.95%和29.27%;海港大型海藻种类最多为35种,其次是北戴河20种,山海关最少为19种,分别占总采集种数的85.37%,48.78%和46.34%;春季优势种类为长石莼(Ulva linza)、多管藻(Polysiphonia senticulosa)、裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)、绳藻(Chorda filum)、酸藻(Desmarestia viridis)和海黍子(Sargassum muticum),夏季优势种类为长石莼、孔石莼(U.Pertusa)、刺松藻(Codium fragile)、海黍子、小石花菜(Gelidium divaricatum)、亚栉状蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia subpectinata)和假根羽藻(Bryopsis corticulans),秋季优势种类为长石莼和裂片石莼(U. fasciata),冬季优势种类为长石莼。优势种类生物量测定结果表明,优势种类生物量在不同采样点、不同季节表现出明显差异,如海港春季的裙带菜生物量最大(4 110.8 g·m-2),绳藻的生物量最小(92.32 g·m-2)。
From January 2017 to December 2017, the composition, distribution and seasonal succession of marine macroalgae were investigated in the intertidal zone of Qinhuangdao. The results show that 41 macroalgae species belonging to 23 genera of 3 phyla were collected and identified, among which, 20 species of 13 genera belong to Rhodophyta, 9 species of 7 genera belong to Phaeophyta, and 12 species of 3 genera belong to Chlorophyta.number of species belonging to Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta accounted for 48.78%, 21.95% and The29.27% of the total, respectively. The largest number(35 species) of macroalgae species was in the intertidal zone of Haigang District, followed by in Beidaihe District(20 species), and in Shanhaiguan District(19 species), the number of species belonging to Haigang District, Beidaihe District and Shanhaiguan District accounted for85.37%, 48.78% and 46.34% of the total species, respectively. The dominant species in spring were Ulva linza,Polysiphonia senticulosa, Undaria pinnatifida, Chorda filum, Desmarestia viridis and Sargassum muticum, those in summer were U.linza, U.Pertusa, Codium fragile, S.muticum, Gelidium divaricatum, Grateloupia subpectinata and Bryopsis corticulans, those in autumn were U. Linza and U. fasciata, and the dominant species in winter was U.linza. The results also show that there were significant differences in dominant species biomasses at different sampling points in different seasons, the biomass value of U. pinnatifida(4110.8 g·m-2) in Haigang District is maximum, while C. filum(92.32 g·m-2) is minimum.
From January 2017 to December 2017, the composition, distribution and seasonal succession of marine macroalgae were investigated in the intertidal zone of Qinhuangdao. The results show that 41 macroalgae species belonging to 23 genera of 3 phyla were collected and identified, among which, 20 species of 13 genera belong to Rhodophyta, 9 species of 7 genera belong to Phaeophyta, and 12 species of 3 genera belong to Chlorophyta.number of species belonging to Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta accounted for 48.78%, 21.95% and The29.27% of the total, respectively. The largest number(35 species) of macroalgae species was in the intertidal zone of Haigang District, followed by in Beidaihe District(20 species), and in Shanhaiguan District(19 species), the number of species belonging to Haigang District, Beidaihe District and Shanhaiguan District accounted for85.37%, 48.78% and 46.34% of the total species, respectively. The dominant species in spring were Ulva linza,Polysiphonia senticulosa, Undaria pinnatifida, Chorda filum, Desmarestia viridis and Sargassum muticum, those in summer were U.linza, U.Pertusa, Codium fragile, S.muticum, Gelidium divaricatum, Grateloupia subpectinata and Bryopsis corticulans, those in autumn were U. Linza and U. fasciata, and the dominant species in winter was U.linza. The results also show that there were significant differences in dominant species biomasses at different sampling points in different seasons, the biomass value of U. pinnatifida(4110.8 g·m-2) in Haigang District is maximum, while C. filum(92.32 g·m-2) is minimum.
引文
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[16]隋战鹰,傅杰.渤海北部底栖海藻的初步研究[J].植物学报,1995,37(5):394-400.SUI Zhan-ying,FU Jie.Preliminary study of the benthic marine algae on the northern bohai sea coast[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1995,37(5):394-400.
[17]尹秀玲,龙茹,李顺才,等.秦皇岛海藻资源的调查[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2004,18(4):22-26.YIN Xiu-ling,LONG Ru,LI Shun-cai,et al.Study on marine algae resource in Qinhuangdao[J].Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,2004,18(4):22-26.
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[20]安鑫龙,李雪梅,徐春霞,等.大型海藻对近海环境的生态作用[J].水产科学,2010,29(2):115-119.AN Xin-long,LI Xue-mei,XU Chun-xia,et al.Ecological effects of seaweeds on the coastal environment[J].Fisheries Science,2010,29(2):115-119.
[21]安鑫龙,齐遵利,李雪梅,等.大型海藻龙须菜的生态特征[J].水产科学,2009,28(2):109-112.AN Xin-long,QI Zun-li,LI Xue-mei,et al.A review on ecological characteristics of sea weed Gracilaria lemaneiformis[J].Fisheries Science,2009,28(2):109-112.
[22]何世钧,周媛媛,张婷,等.基于主导因子的绿潮灾害预测方法研究[J].海洋环境科学,2018,37(3):326-331.HE Shi-jun,ZHOU Yuan-yuan,ZHANG Ting,et al.Development of preliminary model for forecasting development stsges of“green tide”disaster based on analyses of dominant environmental factors[J].Marine Environmental Science,2018,37(3):326-331.
[23]张悦,宋秀贤,李靖,等.不同体系改性粘土对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)微观繁殖体去除及萌发的影响[J].海洋学报,2016,38(8):93-102.ZHANG Yue,SONG Xiu-xian,LI Jing,et al.Effect of different modified clay on the removal and germination of Ulva prolifera microscopic propagules[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2016,38(8):93-102.
[24]杨宇峰.近海环境生态修复与大型海藻资源利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.YANG Yu-feng.Offshore environmental ecological restoration and utilization of large seaweed resources[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[25]中国人民解放军海军后勤部卫生院,上海医药工业研究院.中国药用海洋生物[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1977.Health Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army Naval Logistics Department,Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry.Chinese medicinal marine living resources[M].Shanghai:Shanghai People's Publishing House,1977.
[2]安鑫龙.河北省海洋有害藻华[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.AN Xin-long.Marine harmful algal blooms in Hebei Province[M].Beijing:China Environment Science Press,2017.
[3]安鑫龙,么强,潘娟.河北省沿海赤潮[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.AN Xin-long,YAO Qiang,PAN Juan.Red tide in Hebei coastal sea areas[M].Beijing:China Environment Science Press,2011.
[4]安鑫龙,李雪梅,李志霞.河北省近海有害藻华灾害分级、时空分布和优势藻华生物变化特征[J].海洋技术学报,2015,34(1):69-75.AN Xin-long,LI Xue-mei,LI Zhi-xia.Study on the hazard grading,spatial-temporal distribution and changes of dominant causative organisms for alleviating harmful algae blooms in Hebei coastal sea areas,China[J].Journal of Ocean Technology,2015,34(1):69-75.
[5]河北省海洋局.2015年河北省海洋环境状况公报[R].石家庄:河北省海洋局,2016.Oceanic Administration of Hebei Province.Bulletin of marine environmental status of Hebei Province in 2015[R].Shijiazhuang:Oceanic administration of Hebei Province,2016.
[6]河北省海洋局.2016年河北省海洋环境状况公报[R].石家庄:河北省海洋局,2017.Oceanic Administration of Hebei Province.Bulletin of marine environmental status of Hebei Province in 2016[R].Shijiazhuang:Oceanic administration of Hebei Province,2017.
[7]林清菁,蒋霞敏,徐镇,等.嵊泗列岛潮间带大型海藻群落结构的季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(9):2350-2355.LIN Qing-jing,JIANG Xia-min,XU Zhen,et al.Seasonal changes of macroalgae community structure in the intertidal zone of Shengsi Archipelago,East China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(9):2350-2355.
[8]王腾飞,蒋霞敏,王稼瑞,等.渔山列岛潮间带大型海藻的分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(6):836-840.WANG Teng-fei,JIANG Xia-min,WANG Jia-rui,et al.Survey and analysis of the intertidal macroalgae in Yushan Islands[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,32(6):836-840.
[9]曾呈奎.中国黄渤海海藻[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.ZENG Cheng-kui.Seaweeds in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[10]王铁杆,胡仁勇,孙庆海,等.浙江洞头大型海藻[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.WANG Tie-gan,HU Ren-yong,SUN Qing-hai,et al.Seaweeds in Zhejiang Dongtou coastal sea areas[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2012.
[11]钱树本.海藻学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2014.QIAN Shu-ben.Marine phycology[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2014.
[12]刘涛.大型海藻实验技术[M].北京:海洋出版社,2016.LIU Tao.Experimental techniques of seaweeds[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2016.
[13]李永祺,唐学玺.海洋恢复生态学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2016.LI Yong-qi,TANG Xue-xi.Marine restoration ecology[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2016.
[14]曾呈奎,张峻甫.黄海西部底栖海藻记录的评论[J].海洋科学集刊,1964,6:1-26.ZENG Cheng-kui,ZHANG Jun-pu.Comments on the records of benthic seaweeds in the western part of the Yellow Sea[J].Studia Marina Sinica,1964,6:1-26.
[15]刘剑华,张耀红,杨毓英.秦皇岛港区春、夏和秋季底栖海藻的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1995,25(1):59-67.LIU Jian-hua,ZHANG Yao-hong,YANG Yu-ying.Study of the intertidal benthic algae in the harbour region of Qinhuangdao[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,1995,25(1):59-67.
[16]隋战鹰,傅杰.渤海北部底栖海藻的初步研究[J].植物学报,1995,37(5):394-400.SUI Zhan-ying,FU Jie.Preliminary study of the benthic marine algae on the northern bohai sea coast[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1995,37(5):394-400.
[17]尹秀玲,龙茹,李顺才,等.秦皇岛海藻资源的调查[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2004,18(4):22-26.YIN Xiu-ling,LONG Ru,LI Shun-cai,et al.Study on marine algae resource in Qinhuangdao[J].Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,2004,18(4):22-26.
[18]河北省国土资源厅(河北省海洋局).河北省海洋资源调查与评价---专题报告(下)[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007.Department of Natural Resource of Hebei Province(Oceanic Administration).Investigation and evaluation of marine resources in Hebei Province---Special report[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2007.
[19]刘正一,刘海燕,赵玉山,等.渤海浒苔属绿藻调查[J].生物学杂志,2011,28(5):27-29.LIU Zheng-yi,LIU Hai-yan,ZHAO Yu-shan,et al.Investigation on Enteromorpha in Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Biology,2011,28(5):27-29.
[20]安鑫龙,李雪梅,徐春霞,等.大型海藻对近海环境的生态作用[J].水产科学,2010,29(2):115-119.AN Xin-long,LI Xue-mei,XU Chun-xia,et al.Ecological effects of seaweeds on the coastal environment[J].Fisheries Science,2010,29(2):115-119.
[21]安鑫龙,齐遵利,李雪梅,等.大型海藻龙须菜的生态特征[J].水产科学,2009,28(2):109-112.AN Xin-long,QI Zun-li,LI Xue-mei,et al.A review on ecological characteristics of sea weed Gracilaria lemaneiformis[J].Fisheries Science,2009,28(2):109-112.
[22]何世钧,周媛媛,张婷,等.基于主导因子的绿潮灾害预测方法研究[J].海洋环境科学,2018,37(3):326-331.HE Shi-jun,ZHOU Yuan-yuan,ZHANG Ting,et al.Development of preliminary model for forecasting development stsges of“green tide”disaster based on analyses of dominant environmental factors[J].Marine Environmental Science,2018,37(3):326-331.
[23]张悦,宋秀贤,李靖,等.不同体系改性粘土对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)微观繁殖体去除及萌发的影响[J].海洋学报,2016,38(8):93-102.ZHANG Yue,SONG Xiu-xian,LI Jing,et al.Effect of different modified clay on the removal and germination of Ulva prolifera microscopic propagules[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2016,38(8):93-102.
[24]杨宇峰.近海环境生态修复与大型海藻资源利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.YANG Yu-feng.Offshore environmental ecological restoration and utilization of large seaweed resources[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[25]中国人民解放军海军后勤部卫生院,上海医药工业研究院.中国药用海洋生物[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1977.Health Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army Naval Logistics Department,Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry.Chinese medicinal marine living resources[M].Shanghai:Shanghai People's Publishing House,1977.