逆转铬鞣工艺技术的研究进展
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摘要
消除铬排放是制革工业持续发展迫切需要解决的关键科技问题。采用现有制革技术,铬鞣及其之后的所有水相操作工序都会排放铬,还会产生含铬皮革固体废物,这使得完全消除制革过程的铬排放几乎不可能实现。针对这一问题,本文介绍了以消除铬排放为目标的逆转铬鞣工艺技术。较系统地综述了该技术中的无铬预鞣单元、染整单元、末端铬鞣单元及含铬废水处理等单元过程的研究进展,分析了尚存在的问题和未来的研发方向。提出以"无铬预鞣单元-染整单元-末端铬鞣单元"为核心,通过对制革单元过程实施重组和耦合优化来构建逆转铬鞣工艺技术,可在保证成革品质的同时大幅削减了含铬污染物的产生,并使铬的完全回收和处理变得简单易行,为彻底解决制革工业的铬排放问题提供了参考。
The elimination of chrome discharge is a key technical issue that needs to be urgently solved in leather industry. However, chrome is inevitably released into effluents during chrome tanning and post-tanning processes by using existing technologies accompanied with the production of chrome-containingleather solid waste, which makes it almost impossible to eliminate chrome discharge from leatherprocessing. In this paper, an inverse chrome tanning technology aiming at eliminating chrome discharge isintroduced. The research progress of several unit processes in this technology, including chrome-freepretanning, post-tanning, terminal chrome tanning and chrome-containing wastewater treatment, isreviewed. The shortcomings as well as development trends of these unit processes are discussed. Theinverse tanning technology, mainly composed of chrome-free pretanning, post-tanning and terminalchrome tanning, was developed by reassembling and coupling the unit processes of leather manufacture.The use of this technology resulted in a significant reduction of chrome-containing pollutants, a convenient and complete recovery and treatment of chrome from tannery wastewater and high quality of resultant leather. This paper is expected to provide a reference for eliminating chrome pollution from leather industry.
The elimination of chrome discharge is a key technical issue that needs to be urgently solved in leather industry. However, chrome is inevitably released into effluents during chrome tanning and post-tanning processes by using existing technologies accompanied with the production of chrome-containingleather solid waste, which makes it almost impossible to eliminate chrome discharge from leatherprocessing. In this paper, an inverse chrome tanning technology aiming at eliminating chrome discharge isintroduced. The research progress of several unit processes in this technology, including chrome-freepretanning, post-tanning, terminal chrome tanning and chrome-containing wastewater treatment, isreviewed. The shortcomings as well as development trends of these unit processes are discussed. Theinverse tanning technology, mainly composed of chrome-free pretanning, post-tanning and terminalchrome tanning, was developed by reassembling and coupling the unit processes of leather manufacture.The use of this technology resulted in a significant reduction of chrome-containing pollutants, a convenient and complete recovery and treatment of chrome from tannery wastewater and high quality of resultant leather. This paper is expected to provide a reference for eliminating chrome pollution from leather industry.
引文
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[2]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.制革及毛皮加工工业水污染物排放标准:GB 30486—2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2013.Ministry of Environmental Protection, General Administration ofQuality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’sRepublic of China. Discharge standard of water pollutants forleather and fur making industry:GB 30486—2013[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2013.
[3]王亚楠,石碧.制革工业关键清洁技术的研究进展[J].化工进展, 2016, 35(6):1865-1874.WANG Y N, SHI B. Progress of key clean technologies in leatherindustry[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(6):1865-1874.
[4]高党鸽,李运,马建中,等.制革鞣制用减少铬污染关键材料的研究进展[J].功能材料, 2013, 44(24):3534-3539.GAO D G, LI Y, MA J Z, et al. Development of cleaner chrometanning auxiliaries[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2013, 44(24):3534-3539.
[5] ZHOU J, HU S X, WANG Y N, et al. Release of chrome in chrometanning and post tanning processes[J]. Journal of the Society ofLeather Technologists and Chemists, 2012, 96(4):157-162.
[6]中国皮革协会.制革行业节水减排技术路线图[R].北京:中国皮革协会, 2015.China Leather Industry Association. Technology roadmap forwater conservation and emission reduction in leather industry[R].Beijing:CLIA, 2015.
[7] LIU M, MA J Z, LYU B, et al. Enhancement of chromium uptakein tanning process of goat garment leather using nanocomposite[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 133:487-494.
[8] ZHANG C X, XIA F M, PENG B Y, et al. Minimization ofchromium discharge in leather processing by usingmethanesulfonic acid:a cleaner pickling-masking-chrometanning system[J]. Journal of the American Leather ChemistsAssociation, 2016, 111(12):435-446.
[9] YAO Q, CHEN H L, JIAO Q, et al. Hydroxyl-terminateddendrimer acting as a high exhaustion agent for chrome tanning[J].Chemistry Select, 2018, 3(4):1032-1039.
[10] LYU B, CHANG R, GAO D G, et al. Chromium footprintreduction:nanocomposites as efficient pretanning agents forcowhide shoe upper leather[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering, 2018, 6:5413-5423.
[11] SREERAM K J, RAMESH R, RAO J R, et al. Direct chromeliquor recycling under Indian conditions Part I. Role of chromiumspecies on the quality of leather[J]. Journal of the AmericanLeather Chemists Association, 2005, 100(6):233-242.
[12] RAO J R, BALASUBRAMANIAN E, PADMALATHA C, et al.Recovery and reuse of chromium from semichrome liquors[J].Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 2002, 97(3):106-113.
[13] WARD G J. Wet white pretanning—A technique for reducingchrome usage[J]. Journal of the American Leather ChemistsAssociation, 1995, 90(5):142-145.
[14] SHI B. A novel wet white technology based on amphoteric organictanning agent[C]//Proceedings of 9th Asian InternationalConference on Leather Science and Technology. Taipei:TILA,Nov12-14, 2012.
[15]李靖,石碧,张净,等.不浸酸无铬鞣剂TWT的环保性能研究[J].西部皮革, 2013, 35(24):23-28.LI J, SHI B, ZHANG J, et al. Study on environmental performanceof non-pickling chrome-free tanning agent TWT[J]. West Leather,2013, 35(24):23-28.
[16]周建,胡书祥,王亚楠,等.铬鞣革在染色加脂工序中的铬释放[J].中国皮革, 2013, 42(9):21-24.ZHOU J, HU S X, WANG Y N, et al. Chrome release in chrome-tanned leather during dyeing and fatliquoring processes[J]. ChinaLeather, 2013, 42(9):21-24.
[17]柴晓苇,高明明,王亚楠,等.制革湿整理工段废水含铬量及来源分析[J].皮革科学与工程, 2013, 23(6):40-42.CHAI X W, GAO M M, WANG Y N, et al. Chrome concentrationin wastewaters of post-tanning processes and the analysis of itsorigin[J]. Leather Science and Engineering, 2013, 23(6):40-42.
[18] TANG Y L, ZHOU J F, ZENG Y H, et al. Effect of leatherchemicals on Cr(III)removal from post tanning wastewater[J].Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 2018, 113(3):74-80.
[19]唐余玲,周建飞,张文华,等.制革染整工段废水中铬的存在形式及对其去除的影响[J].中国皮革, 2017, 46(11):7-12.TANG Y L, ZHOU J F, ZHANG W H, et al. Existence of Cr inpost-tanning wastewater and influencing factors on its removal[J].China Leather, 2017, 46(11):7-12.
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