漳州古雷“4·6”事故居民疏散行为调查及相关性研究
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摘要
为研究危化品爆炸事故应急处置过程中,事故地点周边居民疏散行为及心理特征,设计预疏散、疏散、返程3个阶段对漳州古雷"4·6"事故居民的行为反应进行问卷调查,运用皮尔逊卡方检验对问卷调查统计结果进行相关性分析,得出40组存在显著相关性的变量组,选取20组典型变量组进行分析。研究结果表明:高学历人群和有疏散经历的人群在疏散中表现的更冷静并且传递信息的意识更强;口头通知在众多疏散通知方式中对疏散的效果最好;有异常感知的人群在疏散中惯性行为更明显,耐心更差;性别和家庭人口数量差异对于人群的疏散行为的影响并不显著。
In order to research the evacuation behavior and psychological characteristics of the surrounding residents during the emergency disposal process of the hazardous chemical explosion accident,three stages of pre-evacuation,evacuation and return were designed to conduct a questionnaire survey on the behavioral response of the residents in Zhangzhou Gulei "4·6"accident. The correlation analysis on the statistical results of questionnaire survey was carried out by using the Pearson chi-square test,and 40 groups of variables with significant correlation were obtained,then 20 groups of typical variables were selected to analyze. The results showed that people with high academic qualifications and evacuation experience were more calm and more aware of information transmission during the evacuation. The verbal notification had the best effect on evacuation in variable evacuation notification methods. People with abnormal perception had the more obvious inertia behavior during the evacuation,with worse patience. The difference in gender and quantity of family population had no significant influence on the evacuation behavior of the crowd.
In order to research the evacuation behavior and psychological characteristics of the surrounding residents during the emergency disposal process of the hazardous chemical explosion accident,three stages of pre-evacuation,evacuation and return were designed to conduct a questionnaire survey on the behavioral response of the residents in Zhangzhou Gulei "4·6"accident. The correlation analysis on the statistical results of questionnaire survey was carried out by using the Pearson chi-square test,and 40 groups of variables with significant correlation were obtained,then 20 groups of typical variables were selected to analyze. The results showed that people with high academic qualifications and evacuation experience were more calm and more aware of information transmission during the evacuation. The verbal notification had the best effect on evacuation in variable evacuation notification methods. People with abnormal perception had the more obvious inertia behavior during the evacuation,with worse patience. The difference in gender and quantity of family population had no significant influence on the evacuation behavior of the crowd.
引文
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[3]邓云峰,姜传胜.重庆天原化工总厂"4.16"事故人员疏散调查研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(3):30-35.DENG Yunfeng,JIANG Chuansheng.Survey on the public evacuation behavior in“4·16”accident at tianyuan chemical factory of Chongqing[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2009,5(3):30-35.
[4]宋倩文,赵江平,谢红梅,等.毒气泄漏事故居民疏散心理行为特征相关性研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(6):100-104.SONG Qianwen,ZHAO Jiangping,XIE Hongmei,et al.Study on the correlation about the psychological and behavioral characteristics of the residents in the toxic gases leak accident[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2009,5(6):100-104.
[5]KOBES M M,HELSLOOT I I,VRIES D B B,et al.Building safety and human behaviour in fire:a literature review[J].Fire Safety Journal,2010,45(1):1-11.
[6]“4·6”爆炸着火事故调查组.腾龙芳烃(漳州)有限公司“4·6”爆炸着火重大事故调查报告[J].劳动保护,2015(9):10-15.
[7]郭雩,何理,石杰红,等.地铁不同人群疏散行为特征调查问卷研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(4):183-188.GUO Yu,HE Li,SHI Jiehong,et al.Questionnaire research on the evacuation behavior characteristics of different crowds in subway[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(4):183-188.
[8]李丽华.高层建筑应急疏散中个体与小群体行为研究[D].北京:清华大学,2016.
[9]YUE H,WANG S,JIA X L,et al.Simulation of pedestrian evacuation with blind herd mentality under adverse sight conditions[J].Simulation-Transactions of The Society for Modeling and Simulation International,2016(6):491-506.
[10]LIMA D A,OLIVEIRA G M B.A probabilistic cellular automata ant memory model for a swarm of foraging robots[C]//International Conference on Control.IEEE,2017.
[11]张利欣.地下城市综合体应急条件下安全疏散研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.
[12]HE Li,ZHONG Maohua,SHI Congling,et al.Experimental research on investigation of metro passenger evacuation behaviors in case of emergency[J].5th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics,2010.
[13]张培红,尚融雪,姜泽民,等.大型商场人员疏散行为的调查和分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(3):439-442.ZHANG Peihong,SHANG Rongxue,JIANG Zemin,et al.Investigation and analysis of evacuation behavior in a large shopping mall[J].Journal of Norththeastern Univer-sity(Natural Science),2011,32(3):439-442.
[14]杨立兵,王亮,陈建宏,等.企业火灾疏散人员行为及心理特征研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(5):3-9.YANG Libing,WANG Liang,CHEN Jianhong,et al.Research into behavior and psychological characteristics of evacuees from enterprise on fire[J].China Safety Science Journal,2012,22(5):3-9.
[15]穆娜娜,肖国清,何理,等.地铁人员疏散心理行为调查及相关性研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(6):85-90.MU Nana,Xiao Guoqing,He Li,et al.Investigation on the psychological behavior of evacuation of subway personnel and relevant research[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2013,9(6):85-90.