Dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row antisliding piles and pre-stressed anchor cables
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摘要
Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.
Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.
Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.
引文
Anastasopoulos I,Georgarakos T,Georgiannou V,et al.(2010)Seismic performance of bar-mat reinforced-soil retaining wall:Shaking table testing versus numerical analysis with modified kinematic hardening constitutive model.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 30:1089-1105.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.04.020.
Bathursta RJ,Zarnanib S,Gaskinc A(2007)Shaking table testing of geofoam seismic buffers.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 27:324-332.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.08.003
Bisch P,Coin A(2007)Seismic behaviour of slightly reinforced concrete walls:experiments and theoretical conclusions.Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 5:45-65.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-006-9014-1
Branco M,Guerreiro L,Campos CA,et al.(2014)Shaking table tests of a structure equipped with superelastic dampers.Journal of Earthquake Engineering 18:674-695.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-006-9014-1
Bray JD,Rathje ER(1998)Earthquake-induced displacements of solid-waste landfills.Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironment Engineering,124:242-253.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:3(242)
Buckingham E(1914)On physically similar systems:illustrations of the use of dimensional equations.Physical Review 4:345-376.https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.4.345
Clough RW,Pirtz D(1956)Earthquake resistance of rock-fill dams.Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 2:1-26.
Dai FC,Xu C,Yao X,et al.(2011)Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China.Journal of Asian Earth Science 40:883-895.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.010
Fan G,Zhang JJ,Fu X,et al.(2016a)Axial force of anchor cables in slope reinforced by double-row anti-slide piles and pre-stressed anchor cables.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 38(6):1095-1103.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201606017
Fan G,Zhang JJ,Wu JB,et al.(2016b)Dynamic response and dynamic failure mode of a weak intercalated rock slope using a shaking table.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,49:3243-3256.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0971-7
Fang YS,Yang YC,Chen TJ(2003)Retaining walls damaged in the Chi-Chi earthquake.Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40:1142-1153.https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-055
General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China&Standardization Administration of People’s Republic of China,2015.Seismic Ground Motion Parameters Zonation Map of China(GB 18308-2015),Beijing,China.
Guler E,Enunlu AK(2009)Investigation of dynamic behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining structures under earthquake loads.Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 7:737-777.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9106-9
Haeri SM,Kavand A,Rahmani I,et al.(2012)Response of a group of piles to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading by large-scale shake table testing.Soil Dynamics Earthquake Engineering 38:25-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.02.002
Huang RQ,Zhao JJ,Ju NP,et al.(2013)Analysis of an anti-dip landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China.Natural Hazards 68:1021-1039.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0671-5
Hong YS,Chen RH,Wu CS,et al.(2005)Shaking table tests and stability analysis of steep nailed slopes.Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42:1264-1279.https://doi.org/10.1139/t05-055
Indrajit C,Jitendra PS(2015)Behavior of gravity type retaining wall under earthquake load with generalized backfill.Journal of Earthquake Engineering 19:563-591.https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.997900
Joseph W,Raymond BS,Jonathan DB(2005)Shaking table modeling of seismically induced deformations in slopes.Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironment Engineering 131:610-622.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:5(610)
Krishna AM,Latha GM(2007)Seismic response of wrap-faced reinforced soil-retaining wall models using shaking table tests.Geosynthetics International 14:355-365.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.11.001
Lee SJ,Yeh TY,Huang HH,et al.(2015)Numerical earthquake models of the 2013 Nantou,Taiwan,earthquake series:Characteristics of source rupture processes,strong ground motions and their tectonic implication.Journal of Asian Earth Science 111:365-372.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.06.031
Lestuzzi P,Bachmann H(2007)Displacement ductility and energy assessment from shaking table tests on RC structural walls.Engineering Structures 29:1708-1721.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.09.009
Li CS,Lam SSE,Zhang MZ,et al.(2006)Shaking table test of a1:20 scale high-rise building with a transfer plate system.Journal of Structural Engineering 132:1732-1744.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:11(1732)
Lin ML,Wang KL(2006)Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test.Engineering Geology 86:118-133.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.011
Lin YL,Leng WM,Yang GL,et al.(2015)Seismic response of embankment slopes with different reinforcing measures in shaking table tests.Natural Hazards 76:791-810.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1517-5
Lin YL,Yang GL(2013)Dynamic behavior of railway embankment slope subjected to seismic excitation.Natural Hazards 69:219-235.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0701-3
Ling HI,Leshchinsky D,Chou NNS(2001)Post-earthquake investigation on several geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls and slopes during the Ji-Ji earthquake of Taiwan.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 21:297-313.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(01)00011-2
Ling H,Yoshiyuki M,Dov L,et al.(2005)Large-scale shaking table tests on modular-block reinforced soil retaining wall.Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironment Engineering 131:465-476.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:4(465)
Liu HX,Xu Q,Li YR(2014)Effect of lithology and structure on seismic response of steep slope in a shaking table test.Journal of Mountain Science 11:371-383.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-013-2790-6
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(2010)Code for Seismic Design of Building(GB50011-2010),Beijing,China.
Qu HL,Li RF,Zhang JJ,et al.(2016a)A novel approach for seismic design of anchored sheet pile wall.Tehni?ki VjesnikTehnical Gazette 23:455-463.https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20151106090533
Qu HL,Li RF,Hu HG,et al.(2016b)An approach of seismic design for sheet pile retaining wall based on capacity spectrum method.Geomechanics Engineering:309-323.https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.2.309
Sakaguchi M(1996)A study of the seismic behavior of geosynthetic reinforced walls in Japan.Geosynthetic International 3:13-30.https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.3.0051
Scott AA,Nicholas S,John L,et al.(1997)Topographic effects on the seismic response of steep slopes.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87(3):701-709.https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03485
Stephen HH,David LC,Kenneth WK(1994)Initial investigation of site and topographic effects at Robinwood Ridge,California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84(5):1336-1349.
Taga H,Turkmen S,Kacka N(2015)Assessment of stability problems at southern engineered slopes along Mersin-Tarsus Motorway in Turkey.Bulletin of Engineering Geology Environment 74:379-391.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0636-2
Wang J(2006)The Application of MTLAB in Processing of Vibration Signal.China Water and Power Press,Beijing,China.
Yang G,Yu T,Yang X,et al.(2016)Seismic resistant effects of composite reinforcement on rockfill dams based on shaking table tests.Journal Earthquake Engineering 21(6):1-13.https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1190800
Ye HL,Zheng YR,Li AH,et al.(2012)Shaking table test studies of pre-stressed anchor cable of slope under earthquake.Chinese Journal Rock Mechanics and Engineering 31:2847-2854.(in Chinese)https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2012.z1.032
Yin YP,Wang FW,Sun P(2009)Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China.Landslides6:139-152.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0148-5
Zhang JJ,Qu HL,Liao Y,et al.(2012)Seismic damage of earth structures of road engineering in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Environmental Earth Science 65:987-993.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1519-5
Zhang ZL,Wang T,Wu SR,et al.(2016)Rock toppling failure mode influenced by local response to earthquakes.Bulletin Engineering Geology and Environment 75:1361-1375.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0806-x
Zhuang HY,Chen GX,Hu ZH,et al.(2016)Influence of soil liquefaction on the seismic response of a subway station in model tests.Bulletin of Engineering Geology Environment 75:1169-1182.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0777-y
Bathursta RJ,Zarnanib S,Gaskinc A(2007)Shaking table testing of geofoam seismic buffers.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 27:324-332.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.08.003
Bisch P,Coin A(2007)Seismic behaviour of slightly reinforced concrete walls:experiments and theoretical conclusions.Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 5:45-65.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-006-9014-1
Branco M,Guerreiro L,Campos CA,et al.(2014)Shaking table tests of a structure equipped with superelastic dampers.Journal of Earthquake Engineering 18:674-695.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-006-9014-1
Bray JD,Rathje ER(1998)Earthquake-induced displacements of solid-waste landfills.Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironment Engineering,124:242-253.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:3(242)
Buckingham E(1914)On physically similar systems:illustrations of the use of dimensional equations.Physical Review 4:345-376.https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.4.345
Clough RW,Pirtz D(1956)Earthquake resistance of rock-fill dams.Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 2:1-26.
Dai FC,Xu C,Yao X,et al.(2011)Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China.Journal of Asian Earth Science 40:883-895.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.010
Fan G,Zhang JJ,Fu X,et al.(2016a)Axial force of anchor cables in slope reinforced by double-row anti-slide piles and pre-stressed anchor cables.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 38(6):1095-1103.(In Chinese)https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201606017
Fan G,Zhang JJ,Wu JB,et al.(2016b)Dynamic response and dynamic failure mode of a weak intercalated rock slope using a shaking table.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,49:3243-3256.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0971-7
Fang YS,Yang YC,Chen TJ(2003)Retaining walls damaged in the Chi-Chi earthquake.Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40:1142-1153.https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-055
General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China&Standardization Administration of People’s Republic of China,2015.Seismic Ground Motion Parameters Zonation Map of China(GB 18308-2015),Beijing,China.
Guler E,Enunlu AK(2009)Investigation of dynamic behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining structures under earthquake loads.Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 7:737-777.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9106-9
Haeri SM,Kavand A,Rahmani I,et al.(2012)Response of a group of piles to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading by large-scale shake table testing.Soil Dynamics Earthquake Engineering 38:25-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.02.002
Huang RQ,Zhao JJ,Ju NP,et al.(2013)Analysis of an anti-dip landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China.Natural Hazards 68:1021-1039.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0671-5
Hong YS,Chen RH,Wu CS,et al.(2005)Shaking table tests and stability analysis of steep nailed slopes.Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42:1264-1279.https://doi.org/10.1139/t05-055
Indrajit C,Jitendra PS(2015)Behavior of gravity type retaining wall under earthquake load with generalized backfill.Journal of Earthquake Engineering 19:563-591.https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.997900
Joseph W,Raymond BS,Jonathan DB(2005)Shaking table modeling of seismically induced deformations in slopes.Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironment Engineering 131:610-622.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:5(610)
Krishna AM,Latha GM(2007)Seismic response of wrap-faced reinforced soil-retaining wall models using shaking table tests.Geosynthetics International 14:355-365.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.11.001
Lee SJ,Yeh TY,Huang HH,et al.(2015)Numerical earthquake models of the 2013 Nantou,Taiwan,earthquake series:Characteristics of source rupture processes,strong ground motions and their tectonic implication.Journal of Asian Earth Science 111:365-372.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.06.031
Lestuzzi P,Bachmann H(2007)Displacement ductility and energy assessment from shaking table tests on RC structural walls.Engineering Structures 29:1708-1721.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.09.009
Li CS,Lam SSE,Zhang MZ,et al.(2006)Shaking table test of a1:20 scale high-rise building with a transfer plate system.Journal of Structural Engineering 132:1732-1744.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:11(1732)
Lin ML,Wang KL(2006)Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test.Engineering Geology 86:118-133.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.011
Lin YL,Leng WM,Yang GL,et al.(2015)Seismic response of embankment slopes with different reinforcing measures in shaking table tests.Natural Hazards 76:791-810.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1517-5
Lin YL,Yang GL(2013)Dynamic behavior of railway embankment slope subjected to seismic excitation.Natural Hazards 69:219-235.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0701-3
Ling HI,Leshchinsky D,Chou NNS(2001)Post-earthquake investigation on several geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls and slopes during the Ji-Ji earthquake of Taiwan.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 21:297-313.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(01)00011-2
Ling H,Yoshiyuki M,Dov L,et al.(2005)Large-scale shaking table tests on modular-block reinforced soil retaining wall.Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironment Engineering 131:465-476.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:4(465)
Liu HX,Xu Q,Li YR(2014)Effect of lithology and structure on seismic response of steep slope in a shaking table test.Journal of Mountain Science 11:371-383.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-013-2790-6
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(2010)Code for Seismic Design of Building(GB50011-2010),Beijing,China.
Qu HL,Li RF,Zhang JJ,et al.(2016a)A novel approach for seismic design of anchored sheet pile wall.Tehni?ki VjesnikTehnical Gazette 23:455-463.https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20151106090533
Qu HL,Li RF,Hu HG,et al.(2016b)An approach of seismic design for sheet pile retaining wall based on capacity spectrum method.Geomechanics Engineering:309-323.https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.2.309
Sakaguchi M(1996)A study of the seismic behavior of geosynthetic reinforced walls in Japan.Geosynthetic International 3:13-30.https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.3.0051
Scott AA,Nicholas S,John L,et al.(1997)Topographic effects on the seismic response of steep slopes.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87(3):701-709.https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03485
Stephen HH,David LC,Kenneth WK(1994)Initial investigation of site and topographic effects at Robinwood Ridge,California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84(5):1336-1349.
Taga H,Turkmen S,Kacka N(2015)Assessment of stability problems at southern engineered slopes along Mersin-Tarsus Motorway in Turkey.Bulletin of Engineering Geology Environment 74:379-391.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0636-2
Wang J(2006)The Application of MTLAB in Processing of Vibration Signal.China Water and Power Press,Beijing,China.
Yang G,Yu T,Yang X,et al.(2016)Seismic resistant effects of composite reinforcement on rockfill dams based on shaking table tests.Journal Earthquake Engineering 21(6):1-13.https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1190800
Ye HL,Zheng YR,Li AH,et al.(2012)Shaking table test studies of pre-stressed anchor cable of slope under earthquake.Chinese Journal Rock Mechanics and Engineering 31:2847-2854.(in Chinese)https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2012.z1.032
Yin YP,Wang FW,Sun P(2009)Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China.Landslides6:139-152.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0148-5
Zhang JJ,Qu HL,Liao Y,et al.(2012)Seismic damage of earth structures of road engineering in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Environmental Earth Science 65:987-993.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1519-5
Zhang ZL,Wang T,Wu SR,et al.(2016)Rock toppling failure mode influenced by local response to earthquakes.Bulletin Engineering Geology and Environment 75:1361-1375.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0806-x
Zhuang HY,Chen GX,Hu ZH,et al.(2016)Influence of soil liquefaction on the seismic response of a subway station in model tests.Bulletin of Engineering Geology Environment 75:1169-1182.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0777-y