等离子堆焊Stellite合金高温摩擦磨损特性研究
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摘要
采用等离子堆焊技术在气门用钢基体上制备了Stellite 1和Stellite F合金堆焊层,对堆焊层的金相组织、物相组成和硬度等进行了研究,在MMU-10G高温端面摩擦磨损试验机上考察了不同温度条件对2种堆焊层摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析了堆焊层的磨损机理.结果表明:高温条件下,随着温度的上升,2种合金堆焊层的摩擦系数增大,磨损体积减小;温度为400℃时,Stellite 1和Stellite F合金堆焊层分别产生了大量的疲劳裂纹和宽大的犁沟,磨损较为剧烈;温度为500和600℃时,2种合金堆焊层磨损机制相似,主要磨损机制分别为疲劳剥落和磨粒磨损;氧化膜的快速形成以及上试样硬度的下降减小了磨损,磨痕中心区域变窄,磨痕边缘的磨屑不断堆积并被碾压产生了严重的黏着磨损,导致摩擦系数增加.
Stellite 1 and Stellite F coatings were fabricated on the substrate of valve steel by plasma surfacing.Metallographic structure, phase composition and hardness were analyzed. The tribological properties of the two kinds of the welding coatings were investigated on a MMU-10 G friction and wear tester at elevated temperatures. Results indicate that at elevated temperatures, with the rise of temperature, the friction coefficient of both coatings increased whereas the wear volume decreased. At 400, Stellite 1 and Stellite F coatings were seriously damaged due to the appearance of fatigue cracks and wide furrows. The main wear mechanisms of both the coatings were fatigue flake and abrasive wear at 500 and 600. The formation of oxide film and the decreasing hardness of the counterparts resulted in less wear and the central area of wear trace becoming narrower. However, wear debris were accumulated and crushed on both sides of the wear trace, leading to a severe adhesive wear which is related to the large friction coefficient.
Stellite 1 and Stellite F coatings were fabricated on the substrate of valve steel by plasma surfacing.Metallographic structure, phase composition and hardness were analyzed. The tribological properties of the two kinds of the welding coatings were investigated on a MMU-10 G friction and wear tester at elevated temperatures. Results indicate that at elevated temperatures, with the rise of temperature, the friction coefficient of both coatings increased whereas the wear volume decreased. At 400, Stellite 1 and Stellite F coatings were seriously damaged due to the appearance of fatigue cracks and wide furrows. The main wear mechanisms of both the coatings were fatigue flake and abrasive wear at 500 and 600. The formation of oxide film and the decreasing hardness of the counterparts resulted in less wear and the central area of wear trace becoming narrower. However, wear debris were accumulated and crushed on both sides of the wear trace, leading to a severe adhesive wear which is related to the large friction coefficient.
引文
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[2]Bharath R R,Ramanathan R,Sundararajan B,et al.Optimization o process parameters for deposition of Stellite on X45Cr Si93 steel by plasma transferred arc technique[J].Materials&Design,200829(9):1725-1731.
[3]Klimpel A,Dobrzański L A,Lisiecki A,et al.The study of the technology of laser and plasma surfacing of engine valves face made of X40Cr Si Mo10-2 steel using cobalt-based powders[J].Journal o Materials Processing Technology,2006,175(1-3):251-256.
[4]Ahmed R,De Villiers Lovelock H L,Davies S,et al.Influence o Re-HIPing on the structure-property relationships of cobalt-based alloys[J].Tribology International,2013,57:8-21.
[5]Liu R,Yao J H,Zhang Q L,et al.Sliding wear and solid-particle erosion resistance of a novel high-tungsten Stellite alloy[J].Wear2015,322-323:41-50.
[6]Xiong Zheng,Zeng Xiaoyan.Process study on laser cladding Stellite X-40 alloy on turbine blade of GH4133 high temperature wrough alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2006,(6):62-64(in Chinese)[熊征,曾晓雁.在GH4133锻造高温合金叶片上激光熔覆stellite X40合金的工艺研究[J].热加工工艺,2006,(6):62-64].
[7]Jie Xiaohua,Luo Tianyou,Ning Zhijian,et al.Research on strengthened layer of stellite f alloy coating on thin valve matrix prepared by spraying welding[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,200810:50-53(in Chinese)[揭晓华,罗天友,宁志坚,等.薄基体气门锥面等离子喷焊Stellite F合金强化层的研究[J].金属热处理,200810:50-53].
[8]Hu Y,Yin Z,Teng H.Plasma cladding of Stellite 6 powder on Ni76Cr19Al Ti exhausting valve[J].Transactions of Nonferrou Metals Society of China,2007,17(1):35-40.
[9]Persson D H E,Jacobson S,Hogmark S.Effect of temperature on friction and galling of laser processed Norem 02 and Stellite 21[J]Wear,2003,255(1-6):498-503.
[10]Hou Qingyu,Gao Jiasheng.Microstructure and properties of cobalt based alloy plasma spray welding[J].Materials for Mechanica Engineering,2004,(5):4-6+25(in Chinese)[侯清宇,高甲生.钴基合金等离子喷焊组织结构和性能研究[J].机械工程材料,2004(5):4-6+25].
[11]He Haiyan.Experimental study on laser cladding properties of Ni based powders and Co-based powders on the surface of H13steel[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2010(in Chinese)[贺海燕.H13钢表面激光熔覆Ni基_Co基合金粉末的试验研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010].
[12]Yuan Youlu,Li Zhuguo.Microstructure and wear resistance of high volume fraction carbide(Cr,Fe)7C3 reinforced Fe based coating[J]Tribology,2013,33(1):78-84(in Chinese)[袁有录,李铸国.高体积分数(Cr,Fe)7C3增强Fe基涂层的组织及耐磨性研究[J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(1):78-84].
[13]Yang Wei,Wei Jianjun,Huang Zhiquan.Microstructure analysis o Fe-Cr-C wear-resistant overlaying welding alloy with high carbon and chromium content[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2007,(3):85-88+117(in Chinese)[杨威,魏建军,黄智泉.Fe-Cr-C系高碳高铬耐磨堆焊合金微观组织分析[J].焊接学报2007,(3):85-88+117].
[14]Song Qiang,Chou Xingqi,Qin Shuqing.Preparation and performance analysis on wear-resistance coating of plasma spray welding[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology,2009,(5)102-105(in Chinese)[宋强,仇性启,秦书清.等离子喷焊耐磨涂层制备及性能分析[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,(5)102-105].
[15]Qu Shengguan,Wang Guanghong,Li Wenlong,et al.Fretting wea of a high-performance plasma nitrided steel[J].Tribology,201232(5):486-492(in Chinese)[屈盛官,王光宏,李文龙,等.高性能渗氮钢微动磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(5):486-492].
[16]Tao Peng,Zhang Chi,Yang Zhigang,et al.Evolution of second phase in 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel weld during high temperature tempering[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2009,(1):51-57(in Chinese)[陶鹏,张弛,杨志刚,等.2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢焊缝中第二相高温回火转变[J].金属学报,2009,(1):51-57].
[17]Liu R,Yao J,Zhang Q,et al.Effects of molybdenum content on the wear/erosion and corrosion performance of low-carbon Stellite alloys[J].Materials&Design,2015,78:95-106.
[18]Chen Kangmin,Wang Shuqi,Yang Ziren,et al.Study of oxidation wear and oxide film of steel at high temperature[J].Tribology,200828(5):475-479(in Chinese)[陈康敏,王树奇,杨子润,等.钢的高温氧化磨损及氧化物膜的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2008,28(5)475-479].
[19]Li Chenhui,Wu Xiaochun,Xie Chen,et al.Investigation on wea resistance of Cr8 tool steels[J].Tribology,2013,33(1):36-43(in Chinese)[李晨辉,吴晓春,谢尘,等.Cr8型模具钢耐磨性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(1):36-43].
[20]Wu Shuai,Fu Hangtao,Lian Yong,et al.Investigation on high temperature wear behavior of a newly developed hot-work too steel[J].Tribology,2016,36(1):104-109(in Chinese)[吴帅,付航涛连勇,等.一种新型热作模具钢的高温磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(1):104-109].
[21]Xiong Yun.Investigation of the microstructures and properties o laser cladding Co-based ceramic-metal composite coatings[D]Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2008(in Chinese)[熊云.激光熔覆钴基金属陶瓷复合层组织与性能的研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2008].
[22]Wang Huaiqing,Si Naichao,Si Songhai,et al.Effect of Ni alloying on microstructures and wear of ZA27 alloy[J].Tribology,201333(1):57-64(in Chinese)[王怀庆,司乃潮,司松海,等.Ni对ZA27合金组织及磨损性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(1)57-64].