布朗肖的“象”与碎片书写
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摘要
对于横跨哲学、文学批评和小说创作三个领域的20世纪法兰西思想界大师莫里斯·布朗肖而言,"象"这一概念无论是在其文学批评、文学创作亦或哲学理念中均具有不可忽视的核心地位。在其前期的文学批评与美学理论作品中,布朗肖重新阐释了物与其象的悖论关系。着重于对"象"的第二种属性的探讨,通过对"相似性"问题的独特阐释,布朗肖揭示了"象"相对于物所具有的本体论层面的超越性。而在其后期的叙事作品中,布朗肖通过碎片书写这一载体,最大限度发扬了词语的自我成"象"性,成功将"中性"和"外边"引入文本空间。
The image plays a central part in Maurice Blanchot's critical and fictional writings. In his earlier literary criticism, Blanchot reinterpreted the paradoxical relationship between the object and its image by pointing out the transcendent role of the latter through a questioning of "resemblance". In his later fictional writings, Blanchot explores words' self-reflective effects by making words their own images within his fragmentary writing. He thus succeeds in bringing "Neutre" and "Outside" into textual space.
The image plays a central part in Maurice Blanchot's critical and fictional writings. In his earlier literary criticism, Blanchot reinterpreted the paradoxical relationship between the object and its image by pointing out the transcendent role of the latter through a questioning of "resemblance". In his later fictional writings, Blanchot explores words' self-reflective effects by making words their own images within his fragmentary writing. He thus succeeds in bringing "Neutre" and "Outside" into textual space.
引文
Agamben, Giorgio. The Coming Community. Trans. Michael Hardt. Minneapolis: U of Minesota P, 1993.
Blanchot, Maurice. L’amitié. Gallimard, 1971.
---. L’espace littéraire. Gallimard, 1955.
---. La Part du feu. Gallimard, 1949.
---. Le pas au-delà. Gallimard, 1973.
Jeuge-Maynart, Isabelle. Le petit Larousse illustré. Larousse, 2010.
Kant, Immanuel.“ Critique of Judgment.” The Critical Tradition, Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed.
David H. Richter. Bedford: St. Martin’s Press, 1998. 257—80.
Levinas, Emmanuel《. La réalité et son ombre》. Les Temps Modernes 4.38 (Nov. 1948).
Sartre, J. P. L’imaginaire, psychologie phénoménologique de l’imagination. Librairie Gallimard, 1940.
Wang, Jiajun.“ ‘Il y a’ and the Space of Literature: The Interaction between Blanchot’s and Levinas’s Literary Theories.” Comparative Literature in China 2 (2017): 116–28.[王嘉军:《 “il y a”与文学空间:布朗肖和列维纳斯的文论互动》,《中国比较文学》2017 年第 2 期,第116–28 页。]
(1)关于“中性”(Neutre)与“外边”(Dehors)的概念与探讨,参阅吴博、张新木:《本质孤独与文学存在》(《南京社会科学》2018年第4期),第122-27页。
(2)参阅王嘉军,文中总结了布朗肖的文学理论:“文学想通过自身建立起一种自足的异于存在和世界的东西,也就是说,一种‘异在’”(127-28)。
(3)此书的法文标题为Le pas au-delà,英语学界对此书的翻译为The Step Not Beyond,因为在法语中“pas”一词兼具“脚步”和“不”的双重含义。
(4)除了类似《无尽的谈话》中的对话碎片,然而对话双方的身份特征性别都属未知,宛如冥冥之中的两把声音亦或是自问自答。
Blanchot, Maurice. L’amitié. Gallimard, 1971.
---. L’espace littéraire. Gallimard, 1955.
---. La Part du feu. Gallimard, 1949.
---. Le pas au-delà. Gallimard, 1973.
Jeuge-Maynart, Isabelle. Le petit Larousse illustré. Larousse, 2010.
Kant, Immanuel.“ Critique of Judgment.” The Critical Tradition, Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed.
David H. Richter. Bedford: St. Martin’s Press, 1998. 257—80.
Levinas, Emmanuel《. La réalité et son ombre》. Les Temps Modernes 4.38 (Nov. 1948).
Sartre, J. P. L’imaginaire, psychologie phénoménologique de l’imagination. Librairie Gallimard, 1940.
Wang, Jiajun.“ ‘Il y a’ and the Space of Literature: The Interaction between Blanchot’s and Levinas’s Literary Theories.” Comparative Literature in China 2 (2017): 116–28.[王嘉军:《 “il y a”与文学空间:布朗肖和列维纳斯的文论互动》,《中国比较文学》2017 年第 2 期,第116–28 页。]
(1)关于“中性”(Neutre)与“外边”(Dehors)的概念与探讨,参阅吴博、张新木:《本质孤独与文学存在》(《南京社会科学》2018年第4期),第122-27页。
(2)参阅王嘉军,文中总结了布朗肖的文学理论:“文学想通过自身建立起一种自足的异于存在和世界的东西,也就是说,一种‘异在’”(127-28)。
(3)此书的法文标题为Le pas au-delà,英语学界对此书的翻译为The Step Not Beyond,因为在法语中“pas”一词兼具“脚步”和“不”的双重含义。
(4)除了类似《无尽的谈话》中的对话碎片,然而对话双方的身份特征性别都属未知,宛如冥冥之中的两把声音亦或是自问自答。