谣言传播逆火效应的成因解释与抑制策略——基于实证研究的整合与推导
摘要
辟谣或说服常常会导致人们更加相信谣言或更加坚信原有观点,即逆火效应。这一效应在疫苗辟谣与政治说服领域较为常见,具体表现为:否定疫苗谣言或纠正政治错觉常常会导致人们更加不愿意接种疫苗或更加相信该政治错觉。逆火效应的成因解释多种多样,如心理抗拒、动机性推理、事实幻觉与辟谣动机误解。通过整合相关研究,可以归纳推导出七种抑制逆火效应的策略,即唤起死亡恐惧、肯定受众品质、迎合既有观点、引导自我抽离、提示社会规范与社会身份、否定改述谣言、善用简易图表。然而,这些抑制策略的适用情景还有待实证研究的进一步确证。
引文
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