中深部大型地下洞室高边墙爆破振动高程效应研究
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摘要
为了研究地下洞室高边墙上质点爆破振动规律并指导地下洞室开挖,以白鹤滩水电站地下洞室群开挖为背景,在右岸主变洞内进行爆破振动试验,然后利用LS-DYNA三维动力有限元软件对开挖过程进行数值模拟,分析了地下洞室高边墙上质点爆破振动速度随高程变化规律。结果表明:当地下洞室边墙高度为16.8 m时,在距离爆源区约70 m范围内,高边墙上质点与墙脚处相比,振动速度存在不同程度的放大效应,且放大效应出现分区。当爆心距R<30 m,放大作用随高差增大先增后减;当爆心距R在30～70 m范围内且为某一定值时,放大作用随高差的增大而增大;当爆心距R>70 m时,高差对洞室边墙上质点的影响不再明显。另外,萨道夫斯基公式在地下洞室高边墙上仍然适用,但是利用萨道夫斯基公式预测质点振动速度时,应当将测线布置在相应预测点的同一高程上。
In order to study the law of blasting vibration on the high side wall of underground cavern and guide the excavation of underground caverns,based on the excavation of the underground caverns of Baihetan hydropower station,blasting vibration testing was carried out to investigate the blasting vibration laws of high-sidewalls in the main transformer wall of the right bank.Then,the 3 D dynamic finite element software LS-DYNA was used to simulate the excavation process.The monitoring results and simulation results show that the attenuation of vibration velocity of particle at the height 16.8 m varies with elevation.Numerical simulation results also shows that there is a different degree of amplification effect on the vibration velocity of the high side wall and the foot wall in the range of about 70 m away from the source area,and the amplification effect appears partition.When the distance to blast source R<30 m,the amplification effect increases with the increasing of height difference,but then decreases;when the distance to blast source R is in the range of 30～75 m,the amplification effect increases with the height difference.When R>70 m,the effect of height difference on the wall is no longer obvious.In addition,the Sadowski formula is still applicable on the high-side wall of the underground cavern,but when using the Sadowski formula to predict the velocity of the particle,the line should be arranged at the same elevation of the corresponding forecast point.The analysis results can provide a reference for the vibration control of the large-span underground caverns.
In order to study the law of blasting vibration on the high side wall of underground cavern and guide the excavation of underground caverns,based on the excavation of the underground caverns of Baihetan hydropower station,blasting vibration testing was carried out to investigate the blasting vibration laws of high-sidewalls in the main transformer wall of the right bank.Then,the 3 D dynamic finite element software LS-DYNA was used to simulate the excavation process.The monitoring results and simulation results show that the attenuation of vibration velocity of particle at the height 16.8 m varies with elevation.Numerical simulation results also shows that there is a different degree of amplification effect on the vibration velocity of the high side wall and the foot wall in the range of about 70 m away from the source area,and the amplification effect appears partition.When the distance to blast source R<30 m,the amplification effect increases with the increasing of height difference,but then decreases;when the distance to blast source R is in the range of 30～75 m,the amplification effect increases with the height difference.When R>70 m,the effect of height difference on the wall is no longer obvious.In addition,the Sadowski formula is still applicable on the high-side wall of the underground cavern,but when using the Sadowski formula to predict the velocity of the particle,the line should be arranged at the same elevation of the corresponding forecast point.The analysis results can provide a reference for the vibration control of the large-span underground caverns.
引文
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[9]GB6722-2014爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.[9]GB6722-2014 Blasting safety procedures[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[10]金长宇,冯夏庭,张春生.白鹤滩水电站初始地应力场研究分析[J].岩土力学,2010(3):845-850.[10]JIN Chang-yu,FENG Xia-ting,ZHANG Chun-sheng.Research on initial stress field of Baihetan hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010(3):845-850.(in Chinese)
[11]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[12]许红涛,卢文波,周小恒.爆破震动场动力有限元模拟中爆破荷载的等效施加方法[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2008(1):67-71.[12]XU Hong-tao,LU Wen-bo,ZHOU Xiao-heng.An equivalent approach for acting blasting load in dynamic finite element simulation of blasting vibration[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University(Engineering Science Edition),2008(1):67-71.(in Chinese)
[13]张玉成,杨光华,刘鹏,等.爆破荷载在数值计算中的等效施加方法研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012(1):56-64.[13]ZHANG Yu-cheng,YANG Guang-hua,LIU Peng,et al.An equivalent approach for acting blasting load in dynamic numerical simulation of blasting vibration[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012(1):56-64.(in Chinese)
[14]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[15]唐海,李海波,蒋鹏灿,等.地形地貌对爆破振动波传播的影响实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(9):1817-1823.[15]TANG Hai,LI Hai-bo,JIANG Peng-can,et al.Study on effect of topography on propagation of blasting waves[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(9):1817-1823.(in Chinese)
[2]周同岭,杨秀甫,翁家杰.爆破地震高程效应的实验研究[J].建井技术,1997(S1):32-36.[2]ZHOU Tong-ling,YANG Xiu-fu,WEN Jia-jie.Experimental study on height effect of blasting seismic[J].Mine Construction Technology,1997(S1):32-36.(in Chinese)
[3]张涛,郭学彬,蒲传金,等.边坡爆破振动高程效应的实验分析与研究[J].江西有色金属,2006(4):10-13.[3]ZHANG Tao,GUO Xue-bin,PU Chuan-jin,et al.Experimental analysis and studies of elevate effect of slope blasting vibration[J].Jiangxi Nonferrous Metals,2006(4):10-13.(in Chinese)
[4]唐海,李海波.反映高程放大效应的爆破振动公式研究[J].岩土力学,2011(3):820-824.[4]TANG Hai,LI Hai-bo.Study of blasting vibration formula of reflecting amplification effect on elevation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011(3):820-824.(in Chinese)
[5]万鹏鹏,璩世杰,许文耀,等.台阶爆破质点振速的高程效应研究[J].爆破,2015(2):29-32.[5]WAN Peng-peng,QU Shi-jie,XU Wen-yao,et al.Study of elevation effect of bench blasting particle vibration velocity[J].Blasting,2015(2):29-32.(in Chinese)
[6]李新平,孟建,徐鹏程.溪洛渡水电站出线竖井爆破振动效应研究[J].岩土力学,2011(2):474-480.[6]LI Xin-ping,MENG Jian,XU Peng-cheng.Study of blasting seismic effects of cable shaft in Xiluodu hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011(2):474-480.(in Chinese)
[7]陈明,卢文波,李鹏,等.岩质边坡爆破振动速度的高程放大效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011(11):2189-2195.[7]CHEN Ming,LU Wen-bo,LI Peng,et al.Elevation amplification effect of blasting vibration velocity in rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011(11):2189-2195.(in Chinese)
[8]蒋楠,周传波,平雯,等.岩质边坡爆破振动速度高程效应[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(1):237-243.[8]JIANG Nan,ZHOU Chuan-bo,PING Wen,et al.Altitude effect of blasting vibration velocity in rock slopes[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014(1):237-243.(in Chinese)
[9]GB6722-2014爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.[9]GB6722-2014 Blasting safety procedures[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[10]金长宇,冯夏庭,张春生.白鹤滩水电站初始地应力场研究分析[J].岩土力学,2010(3):845-850.[10]JIN Chang-yu,FENG Xia-ting,ZHANG Chun-sheng.Research on initial stress field of Baihetan hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010(3):845-850.(in Chinese)
[11]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[12]许红涛,卢文波,周小恒.爆破震动场动力有限元模拟中爆破荷载的等效施加方法[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2008(1):67-71.[12]XU Hong-tao,LU Wen-bo,ZHOU Xiao-heng.An equivalent approach for acting blasting load in dynamic finite element simulation of blasting vibration[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University(Engineering Science Edition),2008(1):67-71.(in Chinese)
[13]张玉成,杨光华,刘鹏,等.爆破荷载在数值计算中的等效施加方法研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012(1):56-64.[13]ZHANG Yu-cheng,YANG Guang-hua,LIU Peng,et al.An equivalent approach for acting blasting load in dynamic numerical simulation of blasting vibration[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012(1):56-64.(in Chinese)
[14]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[15]唐海,李海波,蒋鹏灿,等.地形地貌对爆破振动波传播的影响实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(9):1817-1823.[15]TANG Hai,LI Hai-bo,JIANG Peng-can,et al.Study on effect of topography on propagation of blasting waves[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(9):1817-1823.(in Chinese)